The standardized writing of academic paper abstracts has always been a topic of concern to editors. Although relevant standards and requirements have long been in place, the abstracts of papers in many academic journals are not standardized so far. The abstract of an academic paper is the epitome of the paper. It directly states the content of the paper in short and easy-to-understand words. It must reflect the document objectively and truthfully. The subjective opinions of the abstract writer must not be added. No annotations or comments are added. The abstract must be clearly stated. To completely display the overview of the paper, it must comply with the principles of objectivity, simplicity, normativeness and exclusion.
The reasons for irregular abstract writing mainly include three aspects: From the perspective of the editor in charge, the reasons for this irregularity are generally as follows: The editor's professional level is not up to standard and cannot follow the standards. Request to revise the abstract; due to the short publication cycle, revising the abstract takes too much time from the editor, resulting in the editor not making standardized requirements for the abstract; the editor has a weak sense of responsibility and ignores irregular abstracts. From the author's point of view, the reasons for irregular abstracts are: the author pays too much attention to the "results" of the paper publication and does not realize the important function of the abstract, so he does not pay enough attention to the writing of the abstract; the author has misunderstandings about the abstract , confusing the abstract with the content introduction. The third situation is rather special. For various reasons, some academic journals ignore the standardization of abstracts in their journals and diversify their abstract writing, causing many contributing authors to follow the "style" of journal abstracts. Write a substandard abstract. Even some senior scholars have to "do as the Romans do" and constantly change the writing format of "abstracts". But in general, there are four main misunderstandings in abstract writing.
1. The abstract is too simple and does not truly reflect the point of view of the paper
The abstract should express the point of view or conclusion of the paper to the reader in the simplest number of words, and provide as complete qualitative or quantitative information as possible , fully reflecting the innovation and characteristics of the paper. However, some academic papers have a lot of innovative content, but the abstracts are too simple, and even put the cart before the horse without prioritizing, detailing unimportant content, while the parts that need to be detailed are only covered in a few words. As a result, the abstract cannot truly reflect the point of view of the paper.
(1) Internship work is not only the work of the school and the internship unit, nor is it just the student's own business, but the result of the joint efforts of the three parties. For every student, maintaining a good internship mentality is the magic weapon for successfully completing professional internships. It is crucial to analyze the mentality that affects students' successful completion of internships and propose strategies to help students successfully complete their internships. ("The Current Situation and Countermeasures of the Internship Mentality of Students Majoring in Tourism Management in Colleges and Universities" Summary of the original article submitted by the author)
(2) The meaning of the English learning dictionary is to represent the semantics in a way that is consistent with the cognitive psychology of the user. . From a cognitive perspective, taking the word "Black" as an example, we explore the cognitive characteristics of related interpretation methods. (Abstract from the original article submitted by the author of "Cognitive Characteristics of Black Interpretation in English Learning Dictionaries")
Example (1) is a relatively typical problem of putting the cart before the horse and inappropriately simplifying the traditional and simplified abstract writing. The author introduces too much about common sense issues about internships, and does not reflect the "mentality that affects students to complete internships" and "strategies on how to help students complete internships" that should be detailed, making readers confused after reading this summary. It is not clear what point the author wants to express, nor what strategies the author proposes to help students successfully complete their internship. The reason why this abstract writing is not standardized may be that the author does not pay enough attention to the abstract writing standards and only wants to briefly introduce the general content of the paper; it may also be that the author has a misunderstanding of the abstract and confuses the abstract with the content introduction.
It is very common for this kind of abstract writing to be irregular. As the editor in charge, you must pay special attention to it. You can contact the author to improve the content that should be detailed in the abstract, or the editor in charge can modify it on his own. The key points of revising this abstract are: first, to refine the relationship between the school, the internship unit, and the students in the internship; then, to supplement and improve what conditions the three parties should create for the internship to achieve what results. The modified abstract of Example (1) is shown in Example (3).
(3) Internship work requires the cooperation of the school, the internship unit, and the students to achieve practical results. It is crucial for students to maintain a good internship mentality for successfully completing professional internships. Schools and internship units should create a good internship environment for students, students can adjust their internship mentality, truly cultivate tourism management majors into talents that meet the needs of tourism development, and achieve a win-win harmony between schools, tourism companies and students. situation.
Example (2) is also a common example of irregular abstract writing, which is a typical abstract that is too simple. This type of "abstract" has fewer words, lacks basic elements, does not summarize the point of view of the paper, and does not reflect the innovation and characteristics of the paper. It provides insufficient information and cannot perform the functions that the abstract should have. The irregular writing of this abstract may be due to the author's misunderstanding of the abstract, so he did not pay enough attention to it, resulting in the abstract being too simple. The main points of revising this abstract are: the cognitive characteristics of the relevant interpretation of the word "Black" should be elaborated. The revised abstract is shown in Example (4).
(4) The definition of English learning dictionary is to represent the semantics in a way that is consistent with the user's cognitive psychology.
The interpretation of the original meaning of the word "Black" adds scientific meaning and linguistic meaning, which is conducive to learners' accurate understanding of the word and also provides a basis for the formation of tropes; at the same time, its part-of-speech order should also be based on It is based on the meaning of reference and conforms to cognitive rules. The arrangement from original meaning to paraphrase is recommended to be arranged in a logical order, which can effectively show the cognitive connection between meanings and improve learning efficiency.
For such irregular abstracts, the editor should proactively contact the author to make the author aware of the importance of writing a good abstract and its important role in article citation and selection. Make the author really pay attention to abstract writing, and consciously and voluntarily cooperate with the editor in charge to revise the abstract so that it objectively reflects the innovation and characteristics of the paper.
2. The abstract is too complex and cannot highlight the point of the paper
A standardized abstract should accurately and concisely convey the same amount of information as the paper to the reader, so that the reader can quickly understand the point of the paper , determine whether it is necessary to continue reading the full text, and also provide convenience for the preparation of secondary literature. However, some abstracts of papers are written too much, making the readers confused and confused, and cannot highlight the points of the paper; some abstracts are too long, with irrelevant words embedded in them, and the number of words is one. There are a lot of them, but the content is empty and meaningless, and there is not even a sentence of valuable information. For this type of abstract, the content should be refined, common sense content should be removed, the point of the paper should be stated directly to the point, and the point of the paper should be presented in the simplest number of words, so that the reader can understand it at a glance.
(5) Bai Juyi was not only a great poet of the Mid-Tang Dynasty, with his own complete theory of poetry, but also made certain theoretical achievements in many fields such as political economy, ideological culture, education and military. The author takes his early masterpiece "Celin" as the center of investigation to comprehensively sort out his political and economic thoughts. His political and economic thoughts are mainly reflected in: 1. Benevolent government and caring for the people, focusing on agriculture but not paying taxes; 2. Unifying government orders and strict official system; 3. Balanced development, regulatory thinking; fourth, diligence and frugality, cherishing people's strength, etc., had obvious progressive significance at the time and also have certain reference value for today's society. Of course, Bai Juyi's political and economic thoughts have an obvious retro flavor, and are even deviated from the social reality at that time, and are inoperable and even illusory. But it is still a precious legacy of the history of political and economic thought in ancient my country. (Abstract from the original article submitted by the author of "A Discussion of Bai Juyi's Political and Economic Thoughts in Ce Lin")
Although Example (5) directly states the author's point of view, it does not follow the "accurately and concisely convey to the reader The standard "information equal to that of the paper" makes readers feel that the meaning of reading is ambiguous; this abstract also has the problem of listing subtitles of the paper, which is a common mistake in abstract writing. For this kind of social science review paper, the abstract should be unstructured. This can not only increase the textual characteristics of the paper, show the author's cultural heritage, but also increase the readability of the paper. The key points of revising this abstract are: simplify the abstract content, use a non-structured abstract writing method, and reflect the paper's viewpoints objectively, concisely, completely and standardizedly. Modified abstract reference example (6).
(6) "Celin" embodies Bai Juyi's political and economic thoughts in agriculture, officialdom, and national macro-control. Although his political and economic thoughts have an obvious retro color, they are even deviated from the society at that time. The actual place is inoperable and even illusory, but it is still a precious legacy of the history of political and economic thought in ancient my country.
3. Confusion between abstract and content introduction
The abstract should objectively, concisely and accurately reflect the point of view of the paper. However, among the manuscripts received by the editorial department, the abstracts of a large number of manuscripts do not It reflects the point of view of the paper and is only an introduction or summary of the article's content. From the content point of view, the abstract is a condensation of the original document, and its information content is equivalent to that of the original text. The content of the abstract is broader than the abstract, that is, it reflects the content information of the original document, evaluates the original document, introduces the background of the research, or evaluates the article, etc. From the purpose of writing, the main purpose of the abstract is to objectively present the viewpoints or innovations of the paper to the reader, so that the reader can judge whether it is necessary to read the original text again. The main purpose of the abstract is to show readers the main content, social role and value of the article, and to serve as a reminder and recommendation.
(7) From 2001 to 2010, in order to prevent the total amount of money and credit from growing too fast and promote the sustained, healthy and rapid development of the national economy, my country made frequent adjustments to the statutory reserve ratio during this period. This article analyzes the change trend of the reserve ratio over the past ten years and divides this change process into three stages: "stable upward adjustment period", "slight correction period" and "rising period". The different policy objectives and reasons for adjustment of the reserve ratio at each stage were analyzed one by one, and it was concluded that excess liquidity, increasing inflationary pressure, and excessive investment of credit funds were the direct reasons for the adjustment of the deposit reserve ratio. Then we explore the effect of deposit reserve ratio regulation in the past ten years and look forward to future monetary policy. (Abstract from the original article submitted by the author of "Review and Prospects of Regulation of Deposit Reserve Ratio in the Past Ten Years")
Example (7) is a confusion between abstract and abstract. This abstract displays the content of the original article in order. Another typical feature of this type of abstract is that the abstract contains "this article... analysis/research".
Example (7) mentions "then explore the effect of the deposit reserve ratio regulation in the past ten years, and look into the future monetary policy." From the sentence, it can be seen that the paper studies the effect of the deposit reserve ratio regulation in the past ten years. , but it does not reflect the specific content of the effect; it can be seen that the paper predicts the direction of my country's future monetary policy, but does not show the specific content of the prediction. Therefore, this does not meet the requirement that the abstract should accurately reflect the point of view of the paper. Modified abstract reference example (8).
(8) From 2001 to 2010, in order to prevent the total amount of money and credit from growing too fast and promote the sustained, healthy and rapid development of the national economy, my country made frequent adjustments to the deposit reserve ratio during this period. The reserve ratio curve during this period is divided into three stages: "stable upward adjustment period", "slight correction period" and "rising period". Excess liquidity, increasing inflationary pressure, and excessive credit funds are the direct reasons for the adjustment of the deposit reserve ratio. Generally speaking, the central bank tried to use the deposit reserve ratio to control the liquidity of funds to solve the overall trend of domestic macroeconomic overheating, but the effect was not ideal. Controlling inflation has become a key core issue in the central economic work in 2011. We must comprehensively use tools such as interest rates, deposit reserve ratios, and open market operations to maintain reasonable and appropriate liquidity in the banking system, curb excessive price increases and asset bubbles, and make our country The economy is developing rapidly and easily.
4. Improper language expression in the abstract
Improper language expression is also a common problem in abstracts. Improper language expression is mainly manifested in several aspects:
First, the abstract includes overly subjective or overly exaggerated conclusions, such as "the first of its kind in China", "filling the gap", "reported for the first time" and other exaggerated evaluations. This type of statement must be avoided in academic papers. This kind of evaluation should not be made by the author himself, as it may seem like bragging, and it can also be seen that the author's academic style is not rigorous and modest. The appraisal of the academic value of a paper should be done by authoritative academic institutions or experts, rather than by the original author himself.
Second, the abstract appears as subjects such as "this article", "this study", and "the author". This is determined by the basic feature that the abstract must objectively report the content of the document without adding commentary text. The use of words such as "this article" and "author" in the abstract is superfluous. The abstract originally reflects the views of this paper, so there is no need to indicate "this article"; the views are the author's own, and there is no need to use "author" again. Examples (5) and (7) fall into this type of problem. In example (2), "from a cognitive perspective, taking the word "Black" as an example to explore the cognitive characteristics of related interpretation methods", although the word "this article" is avoided, the subject is missing.
Third, due to their own writing style, some authors use too much lyrical language, such as questions, exclamations or literary descriptive language when writing abstracts, while academic papers require rigorous Academic attitude, the abstract must reflect the point of view of the paper objectively and fairly with a serious attitude, and demonstrate its academic nature. Therefore, the abstract is different from the prose, and it cannot be descriptive or lyrical.
Conclusion