Bai Juyi (772-846), a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, was named Lotte, who lived in Xiangshan in the evening and became a layman in Xiangshan. He was also an official prince, Xiao Fu, who was later called Bai Fu. Originally from Taiyuan, he moved to Xiabang (now the northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). Tang Yuanhe was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima in the tenth year (8 15), which lasted for four years.
When Bai Juyi was young, his family was poor, and he had more contact and understanding of social life and people's sufferings. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan in Dezong (799), he was admitted to Jinshi. In eighteen years, he won the first place in the examination of the promotion department of the official department and was awarded the provincial school secretary. In November of the second year of Yuanhe (807), he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. In May of the following year, I paid homage to Zuo's family and sent him away. His guiding ideology based on the world is Confucianism's "speed is speed, goodness is the world, and poverty is good." At this time, he pleaded for the people and fought bravely with the government attitude of "achieving the goal and being good for the world". He once put forward such ideas as "respecting sages and managing officials with knowledge, collecting people's livelihood with thin taxes, and stopping the war to trap Su Min". In order to oppose the eunuch's "complaining" about the military power, he even accused Tang Xianzong of his mistakes face to face, which aroused the emperor's anger. Fortunately, Li Jiang (the censor, who dared to speak, especially the eunuch was overbearing) rescued him from his sin. During his three-year career as an admonisher from Yuanhe to five years, Bai Juyi struggled bravely to realize his political opinions under the pressure of dark forces, which was also the golden age of his creation. His most combative satirical poem "Helping People's Diseases" (nine books with the same origin) was written at this time. Among them, there are 50 poems such as "New Yuefu" and "Qin Zhongyin", which are sharp-edged, such as shooting a crossbow at the dark forces, making "powerful people change color", "those in power are heartbroken" and "those in military positions gnash their teeth" (same as above, Yuan He was appointed as Dr. Zuo Shanzan for eight years. This is a idle minister who can't ask about the state affairs and accompany Prince Bandu. This is not in line with his wishes. He once expressed his dissatisfaction in a poem to Li Shen: "A cold official position is better than a high sleep." Wu, the prime minister in the tenth year of Zhiyuan, was stabbed to death by Li Shidao, my ambassador from Pinglu. He was so angry that he had to write "Please catch the thief urgently and avenge the national humiliation". At that time, the powerful people demoted him to Jiangzhou Secretariat on the grounds of ultra vires, and even more, Wang Ya, a national scholar, played his "crime is not suitable for governing the county" and awarded Jiangzhou Sima posthumous title.
After Bai Juyi was demoted to Xunyang, he gradually became politically passive, and began to integrate the Confucian "Happy know life", Taoist "Contentment and Harmony" and Buddhism's thought of being born as his spiritual sustenance and a magic weapon to "preserve our sanity". In recent years, he often visited Tuolin Temple in spring and Xunyang Building in autumn, or visited Tao Yuanming's former residence, or watched Shimenjian Waterfall, or climbed incense burner peak, or listened to birds singing in Love Temple, or braved the wind and waves to return to Lipeng Lake late, leaving more than 100 poems. Among them, Yuyuan Garden and Pipaxing are the most famous. Pipa Travel expresses the feeling of being degraded by an abandoned singer, and sends out the message "We are both unhappy-we meet each other forever. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " ! There are two characters in the poem: one is a geisha of the Yangtze River who roams the rivers and lakes, and the other is the poet himself who has lost power and influence. Their social status is different, but they have the same feelings about the darkness and injustice of feudal society. In Jiangtou, Xunyang, the pipa sounded, and their grief and indignation formed a sad song, singing their misfortunes and pouring out social injustice. From the sympathy for the oppressed and ravaged weak women, it reveals the blow and persecution of talents and lofty ideals in feudal society. Soon after Juyi left Jiangzhou, someone built a pavilion in Jiangtou, Xunyang, which was named after a poem as a souvenir. Bai Juyi left Jiangzhou in the winter of the thirteenth year of Yuanhe and went to Sichuan to be the secretariat of Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian). In the winter of the fourteenth year of Yuanhe, Mu Zong acceded to the throne, recalled Chang 'an, worshipped Yuanwai Lang as a teacher, and became a doctor in the second year, knowing how to make things happen. He gambled that eunuchs were good at politics, and cronies competed with each other. Generally, courtiers had their own clings, and they didn't want to get involved in the whirlpool. They asked for a foreign post, and successively served as the secretariat of Hangzhou and Suzhou. In the second year of Wuzong Huichang (842), he joined the Ministry of Justice as an official (retired). In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Xiangshan, Luoyang and became a layman in Xiangshan. He sang Buddha with poetry and wine. In the first year of Dazhong (846), he died at the age of 75 and was given as the right servant of Shangshu. Jiangzhou built a shrine for him.
In literary creation, Bai Juyi actively advocated the new Yuefu movement, advocated that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things", emphasized inheriting the tradition of the Book of Songs, "appealing to both refined and popular tastes" and Du Fu's realistic writing techniques, and opposed the works of "playing with snow to make flowers and plants" without any other sustenance. The Book with Yuan Zhen is his poetic program, which has made important contributions in the history of China's literary criticism. The early satirical poems were his practice of advocating "judging the situation" and "releasing human feelings" with poems, many of which were works that sympathized with the suffering of contemporary people and exposed the decadent and cruel rulers. But in the later period, especially in his later years, a large number of leisure poems and sentimental poems replaced the early allegorical poems, and his poems also lost their fighting and brilliance. His poems are very popular, and it is said that old women can understand them. He had a close friendship with Yuan Zhen and was called "Bai Yuan". Author of Bai Letian Evergreen Collection.