History teaching design in the second volume of the seventh grade: Lesson 7 Brilliant Sui and Tang culture (1) A teaching goal.
1, knowledge points: Zhao Zhouqiao, Tang Dou Chang 'an, woodblock printing, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi.
2. Skills training: Through this course, students can perceive the literary and artistic achievements of the Tang Dynasty from a historical perspective, thus improving their interest in and appreciation of Tang poetry, prose, calligraphy and sculpture.
3. Emotion and values: Every scientific and technological achievement in the culture of Sui and Tang Dynasties was achieved through countless experiments, study and research of predecessors' achievements. We should learn from their dedication to science.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Teaching emphasis: Zhao Zhouqiao, woodblock printing and Tang poetry.
Teaching difficulties:
1, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, poetic characteristics.
2. Zhao Zhouqiao's position and role as a bridge in the world.
teaching process
Introduction: Since the unification of Sui Dynasty, hundreds of years of separatist regime ended and the Tang Dynasty perished. Although there were some wars during this period, on the whole, the country was in a relatively stable situation. From the emperor's rule and Zhenguan's rule to the prosperity of Kaiyuan, the country's economy is prosperous and its national strength is strong, and there are frequent exchanges between China and foreign countries. The people of all ethnic groups worked together to create a splendid Sui and Tang culture.
Sui and Tang Dynasties culture is the peak of China feudal culture, and it has made remarkable achievements and great creations in science and technology, medicine, poetry, architecture and painting. In this lesson, we will learn the performance of Sui and Tang culture in science and technology.
China has an open-shouldered circular stone arch bridge with the largest existing span in the world. Do you know its name? It was an ordinary craftsman in Sui Dynasty who designed and presided over the construction of this bridge. I remember. Who is he?
First, superb architectural level (blackboard writing)
1. Zhao Zhouqiao
(1) What are the characteristics of architectural art in Sui and Tang Dynasties?
(2) Who presided over the construction of Zhao Zhouqiao? When was it built?
(3) What is Zhao Zhouqiao's status as a bridge to the world?
2. Changan, Tang Dou
The Han and Yuan Temple in Daming Palace was the place where the Tang emperors held important celebrations and court meetings.
Second, the invention of block printing.
1. Block printing appeared in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Printing is one of the four great inventions in China. Printing is invented by the combination of rubbing technology and stone seal cutting technology. What are China's four great inventions?
2. The earliest existing block printing "Diamond Sutra"
3. The development of medicine in Sui and Tang Dynasties
Due to the extensive use of block printing, a large number of Tang poems have been preserved. Tang poetry is rich in content. Today, we can only read nearly 5 million poems by more than 2,000 poets in the Tang Dynasty. Let's learn the splendid art of Tang poetry.
Third, the eternal glory of poetry
1. The golden age of Tang poetry
China has poems since ancient times. Why is the Tang Dynasty the golden age of China's poetry creation?
The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of China's poetry creation, and many outstanding poets emerged, including Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi.
2. Three poets in the Tang Dynasty: Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi.
Summary:
? Poet fairy? Li Bai: In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it was bold, fresh and elegant.
? Poet saint? Du Fu was depressed and sad in the Tang Dynasty.
Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty is easy to understand.
History teaching design in the second volume of grade seven: the teaching goal of the splendid Sui and Tang culture in the eighth lesson (part two)
1, knowledge and ability
Get to know Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Yan and Wu Daozi in Tang Dynasty, and understand their artistic styles and characteristics. Know the artistic status of Mogao Grottoes.
2. Process and method
Master the basic methods of learning artistic graphics, and learn to sort out knowledge in the form of tables.
3. Emotions, attitudes and values
Understand the basic truth that art comes from reality, the relationship between innovation and inheritance, and the significance of artistic morality to artists. Know that the Mogao Grottoes are one of the world's artistic treasures, so as to stimulate their patriotic feelings.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
Focus: Mogao Grottoes, the world's art treasure house.
Difficulties: Brilliant calligraphy and painting.
teaching process
First, the new lesson introduction:
The culture of Sui and Tang Dynasties was splendid and fruitful. Last class, we studied the achievements of science, technology and literature in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Now let's review it through a few questions:
The oldest stone arch bridge in the world? The Zhaozhou Bridge
Cities in the world at that time? Chang 'an, Tang Dou
The world's earliest surviving block printing with an exact date? Diamond Sutra
Who wrote Fang? Sun Simiao, King of Medicine
What are the characteristics of Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi's poems?
Li Bai is unrestrained, fresh and elegant.
Du Fu's verve is vigorous and melancholy.
Bai Juyi is straightforward and easy to understand.
In addition to technology and literature, the culture of Sui and Tang Dynasties has also made extraordinary achievements in art. In this lesson, we will talk about the achievements in calligraphy, painting, grottoes, singing and dancing during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. First, let's look at calligraphy.
Second, teach new lessons:
(A) brilliant calligraphy and painting
1, calligraphy
When it comes to calligraphy, we have to mention Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. He is called a book saint, and his masterpiece is Preface to Lanting. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was the first peak of China's calligraphy art. Calligraphers in Sui and Tang Dynasties inherited the achievements of predecessors, brought forth the old and created many new books, which pushed China's calligraphy art to another peak. So how many calligraphers were there in Sui and Tang Dynasties?
Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Zhang Xu, Huai Su.
(1) Ou Yangxun
Ou Yangxun was a great calligrapher who entered the Tang Dynasty from the Sui Dynasty and was called the first official calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. He first studied Wang Xizhi, then studied the inscriptions of the Northern Dynasties, and achieved mastery through a comprehensive study, thus creating a new book style of combining Fiona Fang's classics with science, which is world-famous? The European body? . Masterpiece "Jiucheng Palace Monument"
(2) Yan Zhenqing
Yan Zhenqing is the most accomplished calligrapher in China after Wang Xizhi. When Yan Zhenqing was young, his family was poor and lacked paper and pens, so he used a pen to brush loess water to practice calligraphy on the wall. He learned Chu Suiliang at first, then studied under Zhang Xu, and absorbed the characteristics of the four schools in the early Tang Dynasty, thus creating a vigorous and honest style of new books. Face? , set a model of regular script in the Tang Dynasty. The masterpiece "Yan Jia Temple Monument".
(3) Liu Gongquan
Liu Gongquan is a great calligrapher as famous as Yan Zhenqing? Yan Liu? . His handwriting is vigorous, and his masterpiece "Mysterious Tower Monument".
What is the difference between Yan Zhenqing's and Liu Gongquan's calligraphy?
Xiong Yan Dunhou (hypertrophy)
Liu said to Jin Jian (thin and strong)? Yan gu?
Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is praised by later generations, just because their handwriting is good?
Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is praised by later generations, not only because of their good handwriting, but also because of their high character. During the Anshi Rebellion, Yan Zhenqing stood up against An Lushan, and the rebels lured him with the position of prime minister without betraying the country. Liu Gongquan remonstrated by talking about brushwork (Mu is a hermit, so what's the use of a pen, right? Use a pen in your heart, your heart is regular, and your pen is correct. ? You can change your capacity and know the advice of your pen. Mu Zong was lazy in politics, and Liu Gongquan used books as a metaphor for politics and made clever suggestions. From now on? The heart is right? Said it had been passed down to later generations. Is Liu Gongquan there? Forbidden in the book? This can be seen from your daring to speak frankly or politely. )。
It can be seen that character is closely related to books, and only when people and books are good can they win the praise of future generations.
Exercise the brain.
Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan's regular script is rigorous in structure and statutes. It is said that Song people used their regular script as a printing font. Microsoft yahei personality? . In our textbooks, there are a large number of Microsoft Yahei characters. What are the similarities between them and Yan Liu's calligraphy? (they are all square characters, which are rigorous in structure, steady and dignified, and balanced in size. )
During the transitional period, Europe was famous for its regular script. Calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty is not only good at regular script, but also good at cursive script.
(4) cursive scripts Zhang Xu (the sage of the grass) and Huai Su (the monk), their calligraphy is natural and unrestrained and powerful, unrestrained and fluent, in one go? Zhang Dian is a vegetarian? Or? Drunk? .
There were many great calligraphers and painters in Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Step 2 paint
(1) Features: What are the new features of Sui and Tang paintings?
Religious paintings are full of real life, and people's story paintings, landscape paintings and flower-and-bird paintings appear in large numbers. (Pure religious paintings prevailed in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and there was no breath of life)
(2) Painters: Who were the painters who had great influence on later generations in Sui and Tang Dynasties? What are the characteristics of their paintings? What are their masterpieces?
Yan is good at drawing character stories. His brushwork is vigorous, and his characters are both spiritual and figurative. His masterpiece is Walking in the Sky. This is an important historical picture, which depicts the scene of Emperor Taizong receiving Lu Dongzan, a Tibetan envoy who proposed to the Tang Dynasty, and truly reflects the friendly and close relationship between the two peoples.
Wu Daozi's world name? Painting saint? Good at freehand brushwork (that is, using a pen does not require meticulous brushwork, but seeks expression). His paintings pay attention to the change of lines, with strong three-dimensional sense and unrestrained style. He used a brushwork that looked like a blue leaf or a strip of water shield to express the folds of clothes, which tended to float and ascend. Wu Dai is the wind? . His masterpiece is Born of Gautama Buddha. This painting, also called "The Birth of Sakyamuni", depicts the scene of Sakyamuni's father and wife holding him and worshiping God after his birth.
Explain the story that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent him to Jialing River to sketch, which shows Wu Daozi's superb painting skills.
The paintings in the transitional Sui and Tang Dynasties were not only painted on paper, but also the murals in Mogao Grottoes were very beautiful.
(2) Mogao Grottoes, a treasure house of world art.
Brief introduction: How many grottoes have we studied in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties? Longmen grottoes and Yungang grottoes
(1) Overview The Mogao Grottoes are located on the cliff of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City in western Gansu Province. It has been excavated since Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is said that Buddhists came here two years before the Qin Dynasty in Jianyuan, Fujian (AD 366). Seeing the golden light and thousands of Buddhas on Mingsha Mountain, I asked craftsmen to dig the first grotto, which later became a Buddhist holy place. The Mogao Grottoes were expanded on a large scale in the Tang Dynasty, and Wu Zetian built more than 1000 niches, so it was also called? Thousand Buddha Cave? . Six or seven of the ten caves were excavated during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
(2) Collection:
? There are more than 45,000 square meters of murals. If the murals are arranged well, they can stretch for more than 30 kilometers. It is the longest, largest and richest gallery in the world. What are the 492 existing caves in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes painted with? Flying? . There are more than 4,500 bodies, some of which are 2 meters long. 5 meters, some less than 5 cm. These flying skies seem to be unconstrained and unconstrained, and their postures are ever-changing, which reflects the rich imagination of ancient artists.
? There are 2000 colorful statues here, including a 33-meter-high sitting statue and a little bodhisattva more than ten centimeters long. Most caves have statues, which is a large sculpture library.
? Buddhist scripture "Diamond Sutra"
(3) status? It is the largest and best-preserved treasure house of Buddhist art in the world.
During the transition period of Sui and Tang Dynasties, people believed in Buddhism, but after all, few people owned ancient scrolls, and singing and dancing were the favorite of the Tang Dynasty.
(3) grand and festive music and dance
1. Overview: Absorb a large number of music and dances from various ethnic groups in the western regions and neighboring countries and make innovations.
2. Features: The momentum has developed to ten pieces, which means that the performance lineup is huge. A piece of music needs more than 50 people and more than 20 kinds of musical instruments. Explain the left part and the inside part.
Soft and healthy dances with various styles are graceful, harmonious and sonorous.
3. Representative works:
Qin Wang's "Broken Array Music" was written in praise of Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong. After Li Shimin proclaimed himself emperor, Lv Cai helped compose music, and Wei Zhi created his own "Broken Array Dance". In the seventh year of Zhenguan (633), Lv Cai was ordered to teach 120 musicians to dance with armour and halberd. The dance team posed in various positions, accompanied by music? Acoustic shock, turbulent valley? .
According to legend, the Nishang Feather Dance was first presented by me to Xiliang, and was later changed to this name by Tang Xuanzong. "Colorful Feather" describes the myth that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to the Moon Palace to visit the fairy. Its dance, interest and costumes all focus on depicting the illusory fairyland and fairy image. Bai Juyi praised this dance? There are many kinds of songs and dances. Do you like dress dancing best? .
Hu Xuan dancers' bodies turn as fast as a whirlwind (explain the poem written by Bai Juyi in the upper right corner of page 4/kloc-0)
Du Fu, a fencing poet, saw Gong Sundaniang's fencing when he was a child, and he will never forget it decades later.
Exercise the brain.
Combined with the knowledge after class, guess who was performing "Dancing in Clothes and Feathers"? Lady Yang
(D) The reasons for the prosperity of Sui and Tang culture
1. The economic prosperity in Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as Zhenguan and Kaiyuan, respectively laid a material foundation for the prosperity of Sui and Tang cultures;
2. The imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty laid the foundation for the development of education and promoted the prosperity of culture.
3. The policy of the rulers in the Tang Dynasty was enlightened;
4. During the Tang Dynasty, frequent foreign exchanges also promoted the prosperity of Sui and Tang culture;
People's life in Tang Dynasty is rich and colorful.
blackboard-writing design
First, brilliant calligraphy and painting.
(1) Calligraphy: Sui into the Tang Dynasty: Harmony is rigorous and symmetrical.
Tang Dynasty: Regular script: Yan Zhenqing is upright and upright.
Liu Gongquan is handsome and beautiful, with strong bones.
Cursive script: Zhang Xu (Cao Sheng), Huai Su
(2) painting: showing children's shortcomings.
Yan liben
Wu Daozi painted saints.
Second, the world art treasure house Mogao Grottoes
(1) Location: Dunhuang, Gansu, Sui and Tang Dynasties
(2) Contents: murals, colored sculptures, Buddhist scriptures and documents.
(3) Status: The largest and best-preserved treasure house of Buddhist art in the world.
Third, grand and festive music and dance.
(1) Features: magnificent, diverse in style, beautiful in harmony and enthusiastic.
(2) Masterpiece: Music: Qin Wang's Broken Array Music
Dance: costume and feather dance, Hu Xuan dance and sword dance.
Fourth, the reasons for the cultural prosperity of the Sui and Tang Dynasties
History teaching design in the second volume of the seventh grade: the ninth lesson, the era of coexistence of ethnic regimes, the third teaching goal
Through the study of this lesson, students can understand the basic historical facts of the coexistence of ethnic regimes in this period, including: the emergence of ethnic regimes in Liao, Xixia and Jin, the Chen Qiao mutiny and the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, the alliance between Liao and Song, the peace war between Song and Xia, the establishment of Song and Jin Dynasties, Yancheng and Yue Fei's anti-Victor King, and the formation of a peaceful confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties. Through research, we can grasp the basic context of the special era in which political forces coexist in this country.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Jurchen made gold, Yue Fei resisted gold, which is a key content.
How to correctly evaluate the alliance of monasteries is one of the difficulties in this class.
teaching process
First, import
1. Have you seen the TV series Dragon? Do you like watching it?
2. Can you tell who Qiao Feng is? (His identity), do you remember which regimes were mentioned in this TV series?
3. Yes, there are Liao, Xixia, Dasong and Dali. Qiao Feng and Duan Yu seem to be living in an era in which various powers coexist. Is there really such a period on the calendar? Yes, from C 10 to the end of Southern Song Dynasty 1276, China was unified. In the past 300 years, ethnic regimes competed with each other, which was an active period for the development of the Chinese nation and a relatively complicated period for ancient ethnic regimes in China. Let's open the historical picture of that era and understand the various nationalities that stood side by side at that time.
Second, teach new lessons.
(A) the rise of the Khitan and Chen Qiao mutiny.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the ancient history of China entered a new period, which was characterized by the further strengthening of ethnic integration, the continued development of feudal economy and the shift of economic center to the south.
1. The rise of the Khitan
(regime name: Liao, founder: Baoji, capital: Shangjing)
2. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty
(1) The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty
(Nationality: Han, founder:; Capital: Tokyo-Kaifeng)
(2) release the rights of soldiers with a glass of wine.
How did Zhao Kuangyin strengthen his rule? (? A glass of wine releases soldiers? )
After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, did it unify the whole country? (No) Although the Northern Song Dynasty ended the division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, it was followed by the coexistence of several ethnic regimes. It should be recognized that the Northern Song regime was not a dynasty that unified the whole of China.
Transition: At this time, there were two powerful regimes in the north: Liao established by Qidan and Xixia established by Tangut. Thus, the coexistence of peace and war between Liao, Song and Xia was formed.
(2) Peace and war in Liao, Song and Xia Dynasties.
Students read page 5 1-52, first according to? Think? Discuss and answer questions1; Then according to the teacher's prompt, draw a book and answer the second question:
1. How to evaluate the Zen Temple Alliance?
What they said is right. For the Northern Song Dynasty, the alliance of one source was humiliating. Old coins? It has increased the burden on the people and weakened the national strength. However, judging from the development history of the whole Chinese nation, the conclusion of the alliance of Chanyuan also played a very good role: the end of the Song and Liao wars made the border between the two sides become a relatively stable and peaceful state, and frequent economic and cultural exchanges between them were conducive to the production development in the border areas and to the development and reunification of China's multi-ethnic countries later. )
2. Complete 49 pages? Practice? Eton Alliance is a peace treaty between (b). (b Northern Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty)
3. The establishment of Xixia
(Nationality: Founder of Tangut: Yuanhao Capital: Xingqing (Yinchuan, Ningxia))
Transition: During the decline of Liao Dynasty in Northern Song Dynasty, descendants of Xiongnu in Northeast China rose up and established a regime with Jin as the national title. Since then, there has been a complicated relationship between the Jin regime of the Jurchen nationality and the Song regime of the Han nationality.
(3) The confrontation between Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty
1. Jianlijin (ethnic group: Jurchen founder: Akuta capital: Huining (Acheng, Heilongjiang) moved to Zhongdu (Beijing) in the later period.
2. Which two regimes did Kim destroy successively? (Liao and Northern Song Dynasties)
In A.D. 1 126, Jin Jun took a university to attack Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year, 8 jin j captured Song Huizong, Song Qinzong and more than 3,000 empresses, and went north, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. This event is called. The change of Jingkang? .
3. the establishment of the southern song dynasty (1 127, after the demise of the northern song dynasty, its? Royal family? Zhao Gou re-established political power, and later made Lin 'an its capital. Because Lin 'an is in the south of Tokyo, it is called the Southern Song Dynasty. )
4. Yue Fei resists gold
What is the reason why Yue Jiajun won the battle? They fight for justice, are disciplined, brave and resourceful. )
5. Harmony.