the next sentence of Chen Ben's cloth: plowing in Nanyang. Name of the poem: A Model/Former Model. Real name: Zhuge Liang. Nicknames: Wolong, Zhuge Wuhou and Zhu Gekongming. Font size: Kongming. Time: Wei and Jin Dynasties. Ethnic group: Han nationality. Birthplace: Langya Yangdu (now Yinan, Shandong). Date of birth: 181. Time of death: October 8, 234. Main works: Pre-model, Post-model and Pre-model. Main achievements: decision-making in Longzhong; Assist Liu Bei to seize Jing Yi and establish Shu State; Anding south and middle, five northern expeditions.
We will provide you with a detailed introduction of "I-Ben Buyi" from the following aspects:
1. Click here for the full text of "A Teacher's List/A Former Teacher's List" to see the details of "A Teacher's List/A Former Teacher's List"
My late emperor failed to start his business halfway, and today he scored three points,
Yizhou was exhausted.
However, the guards' ministers worked tirelessly at home, and the loyal people forgot their bodies outside.
I want to report to your majesty the extraordinary experience of chasing the late emperor.
It is advisable to open a holy hearing, so as to honor the legacy of the first emperor,
to be ambitious and ambitious, and not to belittle yourself,
to cite false meanings, and to block the way of loyalty and admonition.
in the palace, everything is an organic whole;
it's not appropriate to make a fine to conceal whether it is the same or not.
If anyone commits a crime and is loyal and kind, he/she should be rewarded with punishment.
To show your Majesty's understanding, he/she should not be partial, and
to make the internal and external laws different. Shi Zhong, Assistant Minister Guo Youzhi, Fei _, Dong Yun, etc.,
all of them are good and honest, and they are loyal and pure.
They are based on the former emperor's brief selection to leave your majesty behind. Fools think that things in the palace,
no matter how big or small, should be consulted,
and then put into practice, will certainly be able to fill the gaps and
be widely beneficial. General Xiang Chong,
virtuous in nature and skillful in military affairs,
tried it out in the past, which was called "Neng" by the first emperor,
was supervised by public discussion and raising pets. Fools think that things in the camp,
knowing and consulting, will certainly make the battle line harmonious,
the advantages and disadvantages will be found. Pro-sages and ministers,
far villains, so this pre-Han dynasty prospered;
I'm a humble person, but I'm a far-sighted minister.
Since then, the Han Dynasty has been depressed. When my late emperor was around,
every time I discussed this matter with my ministers, I always sighed and hated Huan and Ling.
I am a loyal minister, a senior official, a long history, and a soldier.
I hope your majesty can trust me personally, and the Han Dynasty will prosper.
I can wait for it. I was dressed in cloth,
plowed in Nanyang, and risked my life in troubled times.
I didn't ask Wen Da to be a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness,
accused himself of wronging himself, and took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage.
I was grateful for what happened in the present world, so
I promised the first emperor to drive him away. After the overthrow of the value,
when he was appointed to the defeated army, he was ordered to be in danger.
I have been here for twenty years. The first emperor knew that I was cautious, so
I was sent to the minister on the verge of collapse to make a big deal. Since I was appointed,
I have been sighing at night, fearing that the entrustment will not be effective,
in order to hurt the knowledge of my late emperor; Therefore, crossing the Lugu River in May, < P > goes deep and barren. Today, the south has been decided,
the soldiers' armor is sufficient, and when the three armies are rewarded,
the central plains will be decided in the north, which will be dull and dull,
the traitors will be eliminated and the Han Dynasty will be revived, and
it will still be in the old capital. This minister is therefore loyal to your majesty and the first emperor.
as for the consideration of profit and loss, we should be faithful to our words, while
we should do whatever we want. May your majesty entrust me with the effect of appealing to the thief to revive him.
If it doesn't work, I will be punished for my crime, and
I will tell the spirit of my late emperor. If there are no words to promote virtue,
blame you for your slowness in _ _ _, permission, etc., so as to show its blame;
Your Majesty should also seek advice from others, and
be gracious and pursue the posthumous edict of the late emperor.
I can't thank you enough. Stay away now,
I'm crying, and I don't know what to say.
Second, Zhuge Liang's other poems
Pre-model, Post-model and Pre-model. Third, the background
In 223 AD (the first year of Jianxing), Liu Bei died of illness and entrusted Liu Chan to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang implemented a series of political and economic measures, which made the territory of Shu and Han prosperous. In order to achieve national unity, Zhuge Liang decided to go north to attack Wei in 227 AD (the fifth year of Jianxing), intending to seize Wei's Chang 'an, and before leaving, he wrote to his master, that is, this "model".
IV. Appreciating
In view of the situation at that time, the "Teacher's Watch" repeatedly urged Liu Chan to carry on the legacy of the late master Liu Bei, open a holy hearing, reward and punish strictly, and kiss the sages far away to complete the great cause of "rejuvenating the Han Dynasty", which showed Zhuge Liang's strong will to "set the Central Plains in the north" and his loyalty to Shu Han. The first part analyzes the political situation that can't be slacked off at that time, and expounds the necessity and urgency of opening a holy hearing, learning from both inside and outside, and being close to the virtuous, hoping that the latter will make every effort to quickly change the passive situation of being confined to the southwest corner; In the second part, I look back on my life experience, cherish the memory of my ancestors' "three visits to the thatched cottage", and show my ambition to succeed in this Northern Expedition.
the first part of the table, from the potential to the reason, started with great success. The first section put forward the suggestion of "opening a holy hearing" to the late Lord, but it started from the situation, which can play a shocking role and stimulate the feelings of inheriting the legacy. At the beginning of the essay, it was said that "the first emperor started his business before half, but the middle road collapsed", which deeply hurt Liu Bei's ambition to die first, and deeply admonished future generations to inherit his father's work, which was led by the statement of remembering the achievements of the first emperor, and then led the full text with "three points today", and it is still unknown who will die. Frankly speaking, "Yizhou is exhausted", its own conditions are very poor, the land is scarce, and the people are poor and barren; Then he shouted loudly: "This is the autumn of life and death!" There is a great danger at stake. If we don't save the country, there will be a tragic situation in which the country is broken and killed, and the pen gesture is steep and the pen is drawn. In the case of highlighting the situation, the pad is "the ministers of the guards make unremitting efforts to the inside, and the loyal people forget their bodies outside". They do not forget the kindness of their former emperors and change their loyalty to their later masters, and they still have strength and hope to turn the corner. On this basis, the author puts forward some suggestions, such as "opening a saint", "inheriting virtue with the glory of the first emperor, and being ambitious with lofty ideals", and exhorts us not to "belittle ourselves, cite false meanings, and block the way of admonition with loyalty". From the point of view of the survival of the country, and from the point of view of loyalty to the former emperor, it makes people feel sorry and tempted to think.
The second part of the statement, from narrating one's life to the significance of attacking Wei, further shows one's determination to "revive the Han Dynasty and return it to the old capital", and it is also generous, deep and touching. From people to themselves, the literary situation is ups and downs. From the first part of the remonstrance to the second part, the essay suddenly started with "I am a minister in cloth" and took a new approach. Describe my own situation in the past twenty-one years, and recount the special experiences of the first emperor. First, I took care of the thatched cottage to make it work. Second, I made it the prime minister when it was overturned, making it become a very important official from the cloth, and became the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces from a devoted hermit. The narrative in this section seems to be scattered, which is not closely related to the context. In fact, it is distracted from the context, and it is clear and dense. This is because. First, tracing back to the extraordinary experience of twenty-one years, revealing the feelings of gratitude and gratitude, indicating that the above words are purely loyal advice, which makes the latter feel comfortable. Second, to live up to the extraordinary experience of the late emperor, as an example for the late master not to forget the legacy of his ancestors, and further inspire the late master to work hard. Third, the extraordinary course of twenty-one years shows that it is difficult to start a business, so we should not give up halfway, let alone give up all our previous efforts. Fourth, write the example of the first emperor, not by Kong Ming's "meanness", his allegations are self-defeating, and he cares about the thatched cottage, regardless of the size of the matter. When he was defeated and in danger, he still entrusted him with an important task. It can be seen that he was meritocratic and meritocratic, and told the latter to follow the example of the first emperor. Fifth, show that you have been loyal and wise for 21 years, and will remain loyal as always in the future, sparing no effort to make the latter master entrust you with the task of reviving the thief, and you can avoid being distrusted because you led the northern expedition and the villain entered, which ruined the overall situation. Zhuge Liang's narrative, which further touched the heart of the late master, was willing to accept the previous words, and it was also a confession when he left, which really had deep sadness. The article changed from a suggestion to a self-narrative life, which opened up the pen and ink, making the writing more ups and downs and more impressive.
from narration to oath, to climax. After twenty-one years of suffering, Biao Wen continued to describe Bai Di's mood and work after he entrusted the orphans, thus showing his determination to settle in the Central Plains in the north. The previous comments on the world, advice, and lyricism have come to this point, and the characteristics of the model are completely clarified. Tracing back to the story of entrusting orphans, this paper explains the historical roots of this apprenticeship. "Since I was appointed, I have been worried and sighed at night, fearing that the entrustment will not work, so as to hurt the understanding of the first emperor." This explains the ideological basis of this apprenticeship. "Crossing the filter in May is barren. Today, the south has been decided ",pointing out the material preparation for this start. On the basis of fully describing the conditions, it is put forward that "when the three armies are rewarded, the Central Plains will be set in the north, and the dullness will be exhausted, and the traitors will be eliminated, and the Han Dynasty will be revived and returned to the old capital". The police are brilliant and bright. At this point, the "model" just got off to the point. The previous suggestion is to ensure that you have the conditions to start a career, and the middle narrative is to show that you have the conditions to start a career. At this point, the two lines are unified, and it is proposed that you should start a career, just like a melon is ripe and full of pregnancy.
Finally, because this article is a memorial, the content is that Zhuge Liang stated his opinions to Liu Chan before he set out to attack Wei, and put forward the idea of civilizing politics, so the full text is mainly about discussion. Because Zhuge Liang wanted to let Liu Chan know the difficulty of starting a business and inspire him to complete the unfinished business of the late emperor, this paper also narrated his own life experience, the reasons for following the late emperor and the process of making his country a success. And because Zhuge Liang is infinitely loyal to Liu's father and son, he treats each other with kindness and courage, so his words are full of ardent expectations. The first part focuses on understanding and reasoning, and the second part focuses on moving with emotion. Generally speaking, it is mainly based on discussion, blending narrative and lyric. The whole text flows from the author's heart, with profound analysis, full of true feelings and touching feelings.
The most striking feature of the language in The Model is that it is straightforward and simple, expressing sincere and loyal feelings. The characteristics of abundant feelings and the feelings of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism expressed are in the same vein, and the straightforward and simple language form is unified with the ideological content of the article.
5. Translation
The first emperor failed to start his business halfway, but the middle road collapsed. Today, he scored three points, which made Yizhou exhausted and cheated. This is really a critical autumn. However, the ministers of the guards worked tirelessly at home, and those who were loyal to their ambitions forgot to be outside, covering the special experience of the former emperor and wanting to report it to your majesty. Sincerely, it is advisable to open a holy hearing, with the glory of the first emperor and the spirit of grand people. It is not advisable to belittle yourself, cite the wrong words, and block the way of loyalty and admonition.
The great cause initiated by my late emperor was not completed, but he died halfway. Now the world is divided into three countries, and we in Shu and Han are weak and in a difficult situation. This is really a critical moment for the country. However, the guards, servants, etc. are diligent and tireless, and the loyal and ambitious soldiers on the battlefield are selfless. This is their special gratitude to their ancestors and they want to repay you. Your Majesty, you should listen to other people's opinions extensively, so as to carry forward the virtues left by the former emperor and inspire people with lofty aspirations. You should not underestimate yourself too much and cite inappropriate metaphors to block the way of giving advice.
in the palace, everything is an organic whole; It's not appropriate to judge whether it's the same or different. If there are those who commit crimes and are loyal and kind, they should be rewarded by the department to show your majesty's understanding, not favoritism, so that the internal and external laws are different.
The imperial palace and the imperial court are a whole, and rewards and punishments should not be different. If there are people who commit evil deeds and do good deeds faithfully, they should all be handed over to the competent officials to evaluate their rewards and punishments, so as to show your majesty's fair and strict governance, and there should be no favoritism and selfishness, so that the reward and punishment methods in the palace and the prime minister's house are different.
Shi Zhong, Assistant Minister Guo Youzhi, Fei _, Dong Yun, etc., all of them are honest and sincere, and they are loyal and pure, and they are based on the former emperor's brief selection to leave your majesty. Fools think that things in the palace, no matter how big or small, should be consulted, and then implemented, which will certainly make up for the gaps and make a wide profit.
Shi Zhong, Assistant Minister Guo Youzhi, Fei _, Dong Yun, etc. These are kind and honest people, and their aspirations and minds are faithful, so the first emperor selected them to assist your Majesty. I think that all the things in the palace, big or small, can be asked and then implemented, which will certainly make up for the shortcomings and omissions and gain a lot of benefits.
Xiang Chong, a general, was virtuous and skillful in military affairs. He tried it out in the past, and the former emperor called it "Neng", which was based on public discussion and favor. Fools think that knowing what's going on in the camp and consulting them will surely make the battle line harmonious, and the advantages and disadvantages will be found.
Xiang Chong, a general, is kind and upright in character and conduct, and is familiar with military affairs. When he was appointed in the past, the late emperor praised him for his talent, so everyone commented and recommended him to be the governor of the central region. I think that if everything in the army is discussed with him, it will certainly make the army unite as one, and people with different talents will get their places.
I'm a relative, but I'm far from being a villain, so I'm prosperous. Dear villain, far from being a virtuous minister, since then the Han dynasty has been so depressed. When the first emperor was around, every time I talked to the minister about this matter, I always sighed and hated Yu Huan and Ling. Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, joined the army. I know that I am a minister of Zhen Liang's death festival. I hope that your majesty will personally believe it, and the Han Dynasty will be prosperous.
Being close to virtuous officials and alienating villains are the reasons why the Western Han Dynasty flourished. Being close to villains and alienating virtuous officials are the reasons for the decline of the Eastern Han Dynasty. When the first emperor was alive, whenever he talked to me about these things, there was never a time when he felt sorry for what Huan and Ling did. Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi and joining the army are loyal and honest loyal ministers who can serve the country with their lives. I hope your majesty will be close to them and trust them, then the revival of the Han Dynasty will be just around the corner.
I was dressed in cloth and devoted myself to Nanyang. I risked my life in troubled times and didn't want Wen Da to be a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his allegations were self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage, and he was grateful for what happened in the present world, so he promised the first emperor to drive him away. After the value capsized, I was appointed to the defeated army and was ordered to be in danger. I have been here for twenty years.
I was originally a common people, and I worked as a farmer in Nanyang. I just wanted to survive in troubled times, but I didn't want to be famous among princes. The first emperor did not wronged himself because of my humble status and short knowledge, and visited me in my cottage three times. Asking for my opinion on the major events of the current situation made me move and work hard, and promised to run for my late emperor. It has been twenty-one years since I met with defeat, accepted the task when I was defeated, and pursued my mission between crises and hardships.
the late emperor knew that my ministers were cautious, so he sent them to me for great things when he was about to collapse. Since he was appointed, he has been sighing at night, fearing that the entrustment will not work, so as to hurt the understanding of the first emperor; Therefore, crossing the Luzhou River in May is barren. Today, the south has been set, and the armor is sufficient. When the three armies are awarded, the Central Plains will be set in the north, and the arrogance will be exhausted, and the traitors will be eliminated, and the Han Dynasty will be revived, and it will still be in the old capital. This minister is therefore loyal to your majesty and the first emperor. As for the consideration of profit and loss, if you are faithful to your words, you will be allowed to do whatever you want.
My late emperor knew that I was cautious, so he entrusted the affairs of state to me on his deathbed. Since I accepted my death, I have been sad and sighing in the morning and evening, for fear that the things entrusted to me by my late emperor could not be completed, which would damage my late emperor's understanding, so I crossed the Lushui River in May and went deep into sparsely populated places. Now that the south has been pacified and the troops and equipment are sufficient, we should inspire and lead the whole army to March northward to pacify the Central Plains, hoping to exhaust my mediocre talents, eradicate the evil and vicious enemies, restore the inheritance of the Han Dynasty and return to the old capital. This is my duty to repay my late emperor and be loyal to your majesty. As for handling affairs, it is the responsibility of Guo Youzhi, Fei _, Dong Yun and others to consider the reason, make some changes and offer loyal suggestions without reservation.
may your majesty entrust me with the effect of appealing to thieves to revive the country. If it doesn't work, I will be punished for my crimes and tell the spirit of my late emperor. If there is no word to promote virtue, then blame you for being slow, _, and allowing, so as to show its blame; Your majesty is also suitable.