Small question 1: Use your will to understand people and judge the world.
Quiz 2: Be friends with people of high moral character (or outstanding people). (1 point) It can be traced back to history, and the ancients are our close friends. (1 point) It is not only necessary to recite the poems and books of the ancients, but also to understand the background of the times in which the ancients lived, that is, to know people and judge the world. (1 point)
Small question 1:
Test question analysis: Excerpt 1: "Therefore, those who say "Poetry" do not use literature to harm words; "Words harm one's will; using one's intention to oppose one's will is to gain it." This means that people who interpret poetry should not be limited to words and misunderstand the words, nor should they be limited to words and misunderstand the original meaning. It is right to use your own personal experience to infer the author's original intention. Mencius emphasized that the understanding of poetry should not only be based on the superficial meaning of the words, but should start from the basic idea of ??the whole poem to understand the meaning of the words. Therefore, the important method of literary criticism in Excerpt 1 is to use one's will against one's will.
Excerpt 2: "Is it okay to praise his poems and read his books without knowing his person? This is how he talks about his world." This means that to deeply understand the work, you must understand the author's personality; To understand the author's character, one must also study the era in which he lived. Therefore, when we appreciate and analyze literary works, we must first introduce the author and the historical background. This method is called "knowing people and analyzing the world". Now "knowing people and analyzing the world" has become a commonly used idiom. Therefore, the important method of literary criticism in Excerpt 2 is to know people and discuss the world.
Comments: An objective and comprehensive judgment must be made on the main viewpoints and basic tendencies of the text, and no generalizations, reversal of priorities, or subjective assumptions are allowed. The main point of the text is hidden in the materials used in the text, and the basic tendency is hidden in the author's processing and comments of the materials. The interpretation of the text materials and the analysis of the author's material processing and comments are the key to our understanding of the text. The only way to understand the main points and basic tendencies. Without an accurate judgment of the main points and basic tendencies of the text, the basis for a "responsible" evaluation will be lost.
Small question 2:
Test question analysis: Meng Liao’s original intention is to discuss the scope of making friends. People in the country make friends with people in the country, people in the country make friends with people in the country, and more broadly, they make friends with people all over the world, which means they have friends all over the world. If having friends all over the world is not enough, then go back in history and make friends with the ancients. Of course, it’s just divine friendship. This kind of spiritual friendship is to recite their poems and read their books. In order to correctly understand their poems and books, we must understand the people who wrote the poems and books. To understand the people who wrote the poems and books, we must also study the social era in which they lived. This is the so-called "knowing people and judging the world" problem. Therefore, Mencius believed: Be friends with people of high moral character (or outstanding people).
Comments: There is a basic principle in reading and answering questions: the answer lies in the raw materials. To this end, according to the meaning of the question, find the segments corresponding to each option from the raw materials, extract effective information from these segments, and identify the known conditions as the basis for solving the problem. This is the key to answering the question.