During the Jian 'an period, the first complete landscape poem "Cao Cao Viewing the Sea" appeared, depicting the magnificent scenery of mountains, seas and autumn. However, the landscape and pastoral areas in this period did not become one of the special themes in poetry, but were limited to individual fragments and chapters.
The rise and development of landscape poetry and pastoral poetry was in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, "there are many reasons in the world, but few celebrities have a complete person". Many literati chanted about the mountains, and the wind of seclusion prevailed. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming retired to the countryside and praised rural scenery and farm life with simple and natural language, which opened up a new artistic world in poetry and announced the birth of pastoral poetry.
"In the early song dynasty, there was a literary chant, and the body changed. Zhuang Lao retired, and the landscape was graceful. " Influenced by Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts, the rise of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties changed the literati from advocating idle talk to loving mountains and rivers, hoping that enterprises could appreciate Hyunri by watching nature, thus gradually replacing metaphysical poems with landscape poems mainly describing nature. Because of political frustration, Xie Lingyun wandered between mountains and rivers and became the first poet to create a large number of landscape poems, which laid the position of landscape poems in the history of literature. Since then, with the efforts of the Southern Dynasty poet Xie and others, landscape poetry has been further developed, which is different from other frontier poems and palace resentment poems in a fresh and beautiful style. In the early Tang Dynasty, Wang Ji was unique in his charm beyond the Six Dynasties, and his simple and fresh pastoral poetry became the pioneer of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.
In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, a large number of poets, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, inherited the traditions of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems and Xie Lingyun's landscape poems, and combined the characteristics of the two schools to form the school of landscape pastoral poems, which reached the peak in the history of literature.
2. Social basis and ideological basis
(1) The affluent social economy provided the scholars with comfortable living conditions and formed a villa-style living environment. It has become a social fashion to visit the spring forest and the mountains and water, which is an important social factor for the formation of the pastoral poetry school.
(2) Pursuing the ideal of fame, maintaining independent personality and detached spirit, and the principle of fertility and life concept of people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are the important psychological sources of the extremely prosperous pastoral poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
(3) The ideological situation in which Buddhism and Taoism coexist and the political situation in which Xuanzong is keen on recruiting talents and scholars have caused a general recluse trend. For the Tang people, from seclusion to being an official is often a "shortcut to the south"; From being an official to becoming famous, returning to the mountains and setting up fields has also become an ideal life paradigm. This way of life makes the majority of literati always maintain a calm and elegant attitude to appreciate the natural taste of pastoral landscapes, forming a prosperous scene in which bureaucrats and hermits join the ranks of pastoral landscape poetry creation.