paired
Use a pair of sentences or phrases with the same structure and the same number of words to express two relative or similar meanings. Formally, the language is concise, neat and symmetrical; From the content point of view, the meaning is more concentrated and implicit.
Such as "fallen leaves like waterfalls, I see the long river rolling in" (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain)
Judging from the structure of the article, this poem consists of four parts and eight sentences, each of which is opposite, round and natural, and there is no trace of an axe. "Boundless falling trees" and "endless Yangtze River" make the artistic conception of the poem appear broad and far-reaching, and the rustling leaves make people feel more colorful about the rolling water. More importantly, from here, I feel the pain that the poet's youth is fleeting and his ambition is hard to pay.
similar
It is anthropomorphic to say that people are human beings, or simulacra to say that people are crops. Contrast has the function of prompting readers to associate and making the people, things and things described more vivid and vivid. For example, the couplet "Frost Birds Want to See First, Butterflies Like to Know Each other" (Lin Bu's Xiao Mei in the Mountain Garden) adopts anthropomorphic techniques. "Steal a glimpse first" wrote that the white crane loves plums very much. Before it could fly down, it couldn't wait to peek at the plum blossom first. The word "broken soul" describes the butterfly's love for Mei, exaggerating the butterfly's love for Mei to the extreme.
parallel
Say several sentences or phrases with closely related contents, the same or similar structure and the same tone in succession. "The old vine cries faintly, the small bridge flows with people, and the thin horse in the west wind sets the sunset" (Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha) is purely a noun combination, which constitutes a typical environment.
ask a question in reply
Ask questions first, and then express your opinions. The introduction of the question led to the whole article, with the question in the middle, connecting the preceding with the following, and the question at the end, which deepened the theme and made people memorable.
For example, "Who are the heroes in the world? There is wine on the river, which is fair to Cao. " (Yuan Xiao Qu's "Spirit", by Aruvi)
-Start with a question, point out the topic, and lead to the following hierarchical description of the heroic achievements of the Three Kingdoms.
Ask a question as an answer
Express clear meaning in the form of questions. Used to strengthen tone and express strong feelings. For example, "Although the disciples in Jiangdong are here today, are they willing to make a comeback for you?" (Wang Anshi's Pavilion on the Wujiang River) uses a rhetorical sentence with a cold tone, emphasizing the inevitability of history.
Use allusions
Quote is a common expression in ancient poetry, which can play the role of suggestion, refinement, euphemism and association. It not only enhances the meaning of the work, but also has a certain influence on reading.
For appreciators, if they don't understand the meaning of allusions, they can't read these poems well, let alone appreciate them. Therefore, we must have a preliminary understanding of the "allusions" in the works, and then understand the new meaning expressed by using allusions through their original intentions.
Generally speaking, the allusions in ancient poetry have the following situations:
(1) Enlighten predecessors' sayings, such as "Dogs eat people and don't know what to do, but they are hungry on the way" in Mencius, which was Du Fu's inspiration. In Five Hundred Words of Love, he wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks, and the bones on the road freeze to death."
(2) Quote fairy tales, such as Li He's Li Ping Plays an Elegance, including Jiang E Singing Bamboo Sorrow and Li Ping Playing an Elegance Companion China and Nu Wa Making a Stone.