Du Fu's landscape poems occupy a considerable proportion in Du Fu's life poems, which is inseparable from the regional environment and cultural atmosphere experienced by the poet. In different regions, Du Fu's poems also present different regional landscapes.
In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (73 1), Du Fu began to roam for ten years, traveling south to wuyue and north to Zhao Qi. He lived a "frivolous life", enjoyed the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and left many poems. "The creator has endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance. What else? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk ... colorful clouds lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. " (Wang Yue) depicts the magical beauty and towering height of Mount Tai. "The sea of clouds is connected, and Ye Ping enters the emptiness" ("Climbing Yanzhou Tower") depicts the magnificent scenery of Qingzhou and Xuzhou when climbing Yanzhou Tower with broad images, showing the poet's full ambition and ambition in this period. When Du Fu traveled to Qilu, he became friends with Xu, then the main book of Rencheng (now Jining City, Shandong Province). I once traveled to Nanchi with Master Xu and wrote the poem "Traveling to Nanchi with Master Ren": "Autumn water flows through the ditch and the corner of the city enters the boat. Watching the horse wash in the cold night will make cicadas sing in the forest. When the water is ripe, it will rain, and when the water is barren, it will be August. In the morning, the dew fell and the old green felt was recalled. " According to the examination, the south pool where Du Fu traveled with Xu Zhushu in those days was on the south bank of the moat in front of Taibailou in Jining City. [4] Du Fu recorded the scenery of the places he traveled with poems, and drew a magnificent or beautiful picture for us.
When Du Fu was thirty-five, he returned from Qilu and came to Chang 'an with the political ideal of "being a gentleman, being a gentleman, and then purifying the customs". Chang 'an is the capital of the Tang Dynasty, a symbol of prosperity, and a place for people with lofty ideals to realize their ideals. Du Fu of Chang 'an also described the vast and magnificent scenery of the Imperial Capital. "The sun is swaying, and Qujiang Cuimu is on the silver list" ("Paradise Song") describes the prosperity of Chang 'an. "White hectares of wind pool, thousand chapters in summer. The branch is humble and the fruit is humble, followed by the dark-leaf nest warbler "("He Shanlin, the general who travels with you ") wrote the scenery of Chang 'an Mountain Forest.
However, Du Fu's ideal and ambition failed. At that time, the imperial examination was manipulated by the traitor Li, and there was no scholar, including Du Fu. After that, Du Fu went to Beijing for dinner, and his livelihood became increasingly difficult. He lived a life of being trapped in Chang 'an for ten years. During this period, Du Fu's poems mostly expressed inner sadness and people's livelihood suffering with Chang 'an scenery.
"Changan cloth guard comparison number, lock scale door rang. Old people don't plant Artemisia, and young children can walk in the rain without worry. The whizzing rain urged the early cold, and Hu Yan's wings were too wet to fly high. Qiu Lai has never seen this day. When will the soil dry? " ("Autumn Sigh" Part III) At that time, Chang 'an suffered from the erosion of long rain in late autumn, crops failed, food was scarce, and houses and people's livelihood were completely destroyed. Chang 'an, described in the poem, is barren and lifeless, completely losing its former prosperity and excitement as the capital of a big country, showing a decline and sadness, showing the poet's self-injury to his own experience and lamenting the poor life of the people. In Qujiang's Three Chapters and Five Sentences, "Qujiang is gloomy and autumn, the water chestnut is withered and broken with the waves, and the wanderer hangs two hairs." "White stone and plain sand also shake, crying for Cao Cao alone." With the images of "gloomy autumn", "withered lotus", "white stone and plain sand" and "mourning for independence", the desolate scene of Qujiang was written, which set off the poet's frustrated and lonely mood.
After the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu resigned in the second year (759) and fled with his family, passing through Tonggu and other places, and finally arrived in Shu. The poems written by Du Fu on the way truly reflect the local regional characteristics. At the same time, the war raged, the country was destroyed and the political ideal was disillusioned, which made Du Fu's poetic style more calm and his description of things became sad.
Longyou has a vast territory, complex terrain, harsh climate and strange landscapes. Du Fu's two sets of travel poems from Qin to Shu, with the title of place names along the way, describe the wonders of mountains and rivers and the hardships of the journey on the way to escape, embody the regional characteristics of Longyou, which are "strange and extraordinary", "vigorous and magnificent" and "steep and extraordinary", and show a color map of the journey and service of Shu Road. For example, "The Gu Chi Pavilion in the morning is both dangerous and difficult. The rock hasn't changed, and my car is full of fat. The mountain is bitter and windy, and the sunset is hungry. Quietly, the village market is quiet, and fireworks can't be chased "("Red Valley ")," The mountain wind blows the wanderer, which is light and dangerous. Gorge-shaped Tibetan hall is long, and the wall color is fine iron ("Tietang Gorge"). "Even the peaks and mountains accumulate long shadows, and the daytime is hidden. Whistling in the Woods, turning a miserable stone into a stone "(Jicaoling) vividly depicts the precipitousness of Sichuan Road in Longyou, showing their sinister and difficult side and reflecting the hardships of the journey.
After Du Fu entered Shu, he mainly lived in the thatched cottage next to Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu. Du Fu wrote many pastoral poems, which reflected the rural scenery with local characteristics in Chengdu Plain where he lived. For example, in "Flooding", "When the scenery falls, the high hall falls, and the country floods back. Who said the building was small? Unfinished Joe. Outer suburbs, lonely faith, autumn scenery melancholy. Snow practice on the peak, slim neon in Yun Biao. Children play on the left and right banks, and support them when they are finished. Overthrowing the Lotus Rebellion and Directing the Lost Path depicts the scenery on Huanhuaxi. "The path is paved with white felt, and the lotus leaves in the stream are stacked with green money. No one has ever seen a young child with a bamboo shoot, and a young child on the sand sleeps beside his mother "("Seven Unique Poems ")," Qingjiang Music in Tian She, next to the ancient road in Chai Men. The grass is fascinated by the market, but the land is lazy. Yang Liuzhi has weak branches and loquat fragrance. Cormorants bask in the sun in the west, and their wings are covered with fishing beams "(Tian She), etc. They all depict the rural scenery with local characteristics and show the life of Du Fu's thatched cottage.