There are ancient trees on the edge of the city, and autumn sounds ring day and night.
Lu wine is not drunk, so sing a song for nothing.
If you think of a gentleman, you will send him to the south.
The friendship between Li Bai and Du Fu is a precious page in the history of China literature. Among the existing poems of Li Bai, only two poems are recognized as being written directly for Du Fu. One is Send to Dongshimen, Dulujun County, and the other is this poem.
Dune City, located on the bank of Wenshui in Shandong Province, is where Li Bai stayed in the middle of Shandong Province. This poem may have been written in the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (745). Li Bai returned to Dune Apartment before Lu Jun bid farewell to Du Fu and went south to Jiangdong. From the spring and summer of Tianbao three years to the autumn of Tianbao four years, although there was a short separation, there were still many days together. Now, the poet bid farewell to Du Fu and returned to the sand dunes alone from a life full of friendship and joy, naturally feeling lonely and feeling the value of friendship. This poem is to express the feelings of "thinking of the monarch" that cannot be ignored in this situation. But it is worth noting that at the beginning, the poet used a lot of pen and ink to write "I"-my life, my surroundings, my mood. There is not a word "Xiang" or a word "Jun" in the first six sentences of the poem, which makes you feel that you are beating around the bush. It was not until the end of the poem that I suddenly realized and said the word "miss you". When we understand this theme and go back and savor the first six sentences, we feel that each sentence is not about "thinking of the monarch and the minister", which is stronger than a couplet, so that we can't help but express our feelings directly in the end. It can be said that the smoke of the first six sentences has become the foil of the last two sentences. Such an idea can not only create momentum for the theme of poetry from various angles and feelings, but also endow those daily life events with rich poetry.
The poem says, "What am I doing here?" This is the poet's own problem, which is quite a bit of unspeakable indignation and regret. This will naturally attract readers' attention and cause suspense. "The city of high-lying sand dunes", with high terrain, actually refers to its boring life. On the one hand, this sentence describes the present life, on the other hand, it also responds to the reasons for raising the above questions. What would happen if the poet didn't "lie high" in the sand dunes? Connecting that poem ("Send Du Fu") with the days when I spent time with Du Fu before I came to Dune, the answer is self-evident. The beginning of this row of poems is the complicated and depressed feelings of the poet after his love and happy life disappeared, which is produced in a sudden way.
One or two sentences tend to express subjective feelings, while three or four sentences turn to the description of objective scenery. "There are ancient trees on the edge of the city, listening to autumn sounds every day." For the poet, the sand dune city in front of him seems to have nothing to see except the old trees on the edge of the city, rustling day and night in the autumn wind. "In the middle of the night, the wind and bamboo knock on the autumn rhyme, and all the leaves sound hate" (Song Ouyang Xiu's Magnolia). This bleak autumn wind and sad atmosphere make people miss their friends and recall the past, which is even more difficult to understand. What shall we do? "There is a yearning for parting, Yao Se and Jin Zun" (Bewei Shaofu). However, here and now, this situation is extraordinary, wine can't eliminate sorrow, and songs can't forget sorrow. Lu and Qi refer to Shandong where the poet was at that time. "Don't get drunk" means that you are not interested in getting drunk. "Empty Love", because I have no intention to appreciate it, I can only sing sentimentality. Such rewriting will greatly increase the weight of lyricism, and at the same time, it will also force the following.
Wenshui, which originated in Laiwu, Shandong, flows to the southwest. Du Fu bid farewell to Li Bai in Lu County and wanted to go to Chang 'an, which is also located in the southwest of Lu. Therefore, the poet said: I miss you like this mighty water, following you south day and night. The poet sends his feelings to the flowing water, takes care of the title of the poem and points out the main idea. The artistic conception of flowing water and endless lovesickness make the language enjoy a long charm. This kind of endless thoughts, as well as the kind of "green water on the horizon, green hills on the sea." The broad and free mind of A Farewell to Guangling shows the poet's rich feelings and style.
In the development of China's ancient poetry, ancient style precedes metrical style. However, we will also see that when the rhythm of poetry prevails, it also has an impact on the writing of ancient poetry. For example, Li Bai's five ancient poems are all eight sentences. Although the antithesis in the middle four sentences is not neat, the antithesis of some words and the whole format can show the traces of metrical poetry. This kind of composition and sentence pattern, which is correct in ancient times, better expresses the poet's pure and deep feelings and makes the whole poem have a natural and dignified style.