This poem contributed to "Langtaosha" by Li Yu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The specific original text is as follows:
? Langtaosha
Tang dynasty-Li Yu
outside the curtain, the rain gurgled,
the spring waned.
Luo Zhou can't stand the cold.
I didn't know I was a guest in my dream, and
I was greedy for pleasure in the morning.
don't lean on the fence alone,
it's infinite,
it's easier to see when it's not.
The flowing water fades away in spring,
It's heaven and earth.
This word was written by Li Yu when he was exiled to Bianjing and placed under house arrest after the Song Dynasty. It expressed his infinite yearning for his old country, homeland and good life in the past, and reflected the poet's sad mood of being a king of a country and a prisoner of a lower rank.
Li Yu (937-978), the sixth son of Li Jing, the ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was originally named Congjia, with the word Chongguang, and was named Zhong Yin and Lianfeng Jushi, Han nationality. His ancestral home was Pengcheng (now tongshan district, Xuzhou, Jiangsu), and he was the last monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty. ?
in the second year of jianlong in the northern song dynasty (961), Li Yu succeeded to the throne, respecting the orthodoxy of the song dynasty and paying tribute at the age of 2 to ensure peace. In October of the fourth year of Kaibao (971), Song Taizu destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty, and Li Yu removed the Tang number and renamed it "the Lord of Jiangnan"; In the following year, he derogated from the ritual system and removed the kiss from the podium in Jinling (now Nanjing) to show his respect for Song Ting. In the eighth year of Kaibao (975), Song Jun attacked Jinling, Li Yu was forced to land in Song Dynasty, and was captured to Bianjing (now Kaifeng), where he was named General You Qian Niu Wei and disobeyed orders. On July 7th, the third year of Taiping and Xingguo (978), Li Yu died in Bianjing, known as Li Houzhu, the queen of Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu is proficient in calligraphy, painting, melody and poetry, especially in Ci. Li Yu's ci, which inherited the tradition of Hua Jian poets such as Wen Tingyun and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, was also influenced by Li Jing and Feng Yansi. Its language was bright, vivid, sincere and distinctive. After the national subjugation, its ci was characterized by a wide range of themes and profound meanings, and it was unique among the five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching impact on the later ci circles.
At that time, Li Yu was the last emperor of the Tang Dynasty. After being captured by the Song Dynasty, although he was not short of food and clothing, he was mentally tortured and felt deeply displaced, so the original great rivers and mountains were lost from his hands. The emperor's dignity made it difficult for him to say the word "prisoner" easily, so he implicitly used "guest" to express his feelings instead of the prisoner's state, so "guest" came from this.
flashback is used in the last two sentences. In the dream, I temporarily forgot the identity of the prisoner and longed for a moment of joy. However, the dream is easy to wake up, and the gurgling spring rain and the cold spring outside the curtain woke up the dream, which made the poet return to the bleak situation of real life. The great contrast outside the dream is actually the contrast between the past and the present, and the contrast between being a king of a country and a prisoner under the order. Writing "Huan" in a dream, who knows that the more Huan in a dream, the more bitter it is to wake up; There are no words such as sadness and sorrow, but the feelings of sadness can be imagined. Li Qingzhao wrote "rain" in "The Sound is Slow": "The phoenix tree is more drizzling, and it is dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad word! " Sadness comes to an end. "outside the curtain, the rain is gurgling", which seems to be the rain of tears from the poet's heart; "Spring is fading", and the spring is infinitely good, but it has faded, just like the beautiful "past" is gone forever; "Luo Zhou can't stand the cold of the five temperatures", and the unbearable chill comes not only from nature, but also from the desolate and lonely inner world. There is a sentence in Li Yu's "Bodhisattva Man": "The dream of the old country has returned, and I feel tears." The situation written is the same as this, but the emotion expressed here is more euphemistic and implicit.
"Alone at dusk, you can lean on the fence, and the word" Mo "is called" Twilight ". "Don't lean on the fence" means don't lean on the fence, because looking at the old country by leaning on the fence will cause infinite sadness and make people face it; "Twilight leaning on the railing" means overlooking the railing in the dusk, thinking of the change of ownership of the country and the infinite past. "Twilight" also implies the twilight of the poet's life. Both can be said. Li Shangyin once wrote "time was long before I met her, but is longer since we parted" in the poem Untitled, which expressed people's general feelings. How hard it is to be taken captive to Bianjing after the Song Dynasty and bid farewell to Jinling, the old capital. It is this kind of emotion that is expressed in the sentence "The most hasty day to resign from the temple" in "Broken Array Forty Years Home". It is said here that "it is easy to say goodbye", so it can be seen that "easy" is to highlight the difficulty of seeing you again after saying goodbye; It seems that "it is difficult to see the times" also contains the feeling that the good times are hard to come by and the youth is gone. "The flowing water is gone in spring, and it is heaven and earth." Just as water flows from time to time, flowers fall from time to time, and the spring of life is over, the word "go" contains a lot of nostalgia, regret, sadness and vicissitudes. In the past, people's status as a monarch and the experience of prisoners today are as far away as a heaven and a world. "Heaven and earth" implies two completely different life experiences in the past and present. When it comes to saying that "heaven and earth" is a biased phrase, Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" comes out: ""Our souls belong together," she said, "like this gold and this shell", somewhere, sometime, on earth or in heaven, we shall surely." It means the world in heaven, and it is used here to imply that there are not many days to come, and "the world in heaven" is the final destination.
This word expresses the grief-stricken feelings of the country's destruction and death. It can really be described as "the words are painful, the words are tearful, and the songs are used as tears, and the eternal mourning sounds". This sincere feeling stems from the "pure heart" of the late master (Wang Guowei, one of the manuscripts of Ci Hua on Earth) and "it's really called writing with blood" (Wang Guowei, one of the manuscripts of Ci Hua on Earth). The style of Ci is solemn and stirring, and its artistic conception is far-reaching, which breaks through the style of Huajian Ci School. Therefore, Wang Guowei commented: "When Ci came to Li Houzhu, its vision began to widen, and its emotion deepened, so it became a word of genius and became a word of literati."