Farewell to the viceroy and leave for Shu.
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? Children are holding towels!
Reference translation
In the ancient country of Sanqin, the palace of Chang 'an city wall was arched. The wind and smoke are rolling, and Wujin, Minjiang River, Zhou Shu can't be seen.
When I shake hands with you to say goodbye, I have mutual sympathy; You and I are both people who are far away from home and go out to be officials.
As long as there are you in the four seas, my friend, my friend, it's like being together, no matter how far apart we are.
Please don't cry sadly on the way to leave; Like affectionate young men and women, they shed tears for each other.
Farewell poems, most of which tell the inseparable feelings, are sad and bitter. "hand in hand on the river beam, wandering the sunset?" Wandering around the road, I can't quit! (2) can represent the tone of this kind of poem. Has anyone ever taken parting seriously and sung heroic songs? Yes, not much. Farewell to Du Shu is one of the best songs.
Wang Bo (650-675), a native of Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Jishan County, Shaanxi Province), was one of the four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty. He is the grandson of Wang Tong, a famous scholar. He wrote a good prose when he was very young and was known as a "child prodigy". Unfortunately, he fell into the water while crossing the sea before he was 30 years old. He worked as a small official several times, but was expelled twice, and his short life was spent in ups and downs. In Wang Zian's collected works, there are many articles, but less than 100 poems. Sending Du to Shu is his masterpiece. This poem points out that the farewell place is Chang 'an. He has been to Chang 'an several times. This poem is full of youthful enterprising spirit, without negative and decadent emotions. This may have been written by the poet when he was working in Chang 'an and Ren Pei's Wang Fu before he was twenty years old. Shaofu was a general term for county commandant at that time. "Zhou Shu", in today's Chongqing County, Sichuan Province, was called "Shuchuan" in ancient times, referring to the Minjiang River Basin in western Sichuan.
"Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog and across a river." "Que" is the watchtower in front of the palace. "City Que" refers to Chang 'an, the imperial capital of the Tang Dynasty. "Sanqin" refers to the Guanzhong area near Chang 'an. At the end of Qin dynasty, Xiang Yu once divided this area into three kingdoms, so later people called it Sanqin. "Auxiliary", auxiliary, can be understood as escort here. "Auxiliary Sanqin" means "Auxiliary Sanqin". The vast wilderness in Guanzhong is guarding Chang 'an, which means the place of farewell. "Passing through the mist that unites five rivers." "Wujin" refers to the five crossings of Minjiang River from guanxian, Sichuan Province to Qianwei. Looking from a distance, I saw the wind, dust and smoke in Sichuan are endless. This sentence is about where Du Shaofu is going. Because friends are going to Sichuan from Chang 'an, the two places are naturally linked with the poet's feelings. The poem did not say goodbye at the beginning, but only described the situation and style of these two places. Looking up at thousands of miles, I feel infinitely reluctant, and the feeling of farewell is comfortable.
It should be pointed out that the poet is in Chang 'an, and even the land of Sanqin is hard to see at a glance. As for Wujin, thousands of miles away, you can't see it at all. So why write it like this? Poetry is often beyond the vision of ordinary people. Looking at the world with imaginary eyes, you can take a few seats in Wanshan and see Wanchun in an instant. "How does the water of the Yellow River move to the sky and enter the ocean, and it will never return?" (3) Looking at the East China Sea from Heyuan. "Qu Tang Xia Kou Qujiang Tou, Wan Lifeng smoke meets Su Qiu", ④ Chang 'an is seen from the Three Gorges. Using this technique, this poem has opened up a magnificent realm from the beginning, which is different from ordinary farewell poems that only pay attention to Yan Yu, Yang Zhi, tears and wine lamps.
"We said goodbye sadly, and we two officials went the opposite way." What does it mean to leave each other? We are all bureaucrats and vagrants! After leaving home, it is already a heavy parting, and when we say goodbye to each other in the guest house, it is also a heavy parting: there is infinite sadness in it. The first two sentences are high-profile, precise and strict. These two sentences have a long lasting appeal, and the antithesis is not neat, so they are more evacuated. Of course, this is because there was no set of strict rules for orthodox poetry at that time, but it also had its unique beauty. At first, it was like a waterfall hanging over thousands of feet, which tumbled down from the clouds, then fell into a deep pool, gurgled down, and flew in Qingyuan, resulting in ups and downs and strong ups and downs, which made people feel that they were changing.
Then the fifth and sixth sentences, the realm from narrow to grand, the mood from sad to heroic. "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor." It's far from you and you can't live without true friends. As long as you are in the four seas, even at the ends of the earth, you are close neighbors. What are we? The poet's noble taste far exceeds the secular, and the poet's broad mind can really contain the world; The light from these two famous sentences almost overshadowed all the farewell poems. The momentum of poetry has set off a bigger wave here, like Dapeng raising its wings and flying into the sky with a muddy whirlwind, showing the great pen power of the poet. Poetry has been born for more than 1000 years. This long time has erased many dynasties, but failed to make these two poems lose their vitality. It has been widely circulated so far, and readers are amazed.
At the end of the two sentences, "Why linger at the fork in the road? Children are wearing towels!" These two lines of poetry are connected in one sentence, which means; Don't cry like that child at this fork in the road that is about to break up! It is a reminder to friends and a confession to your feelings. Immediately after the first two sentences, it suddenly fell into relief at a very high and steep place, and then ended. Take music as an example; At the end of the music, some came to an abrupt end in the most wonderful place, while others dragged on. This poem ends in the second way. The whole poem is only forty words, but it is full of changes, as if on a small picture scroll, it contains countless mountains and valleys and endless scenery. When we appreciate ancient poems, especially neat and short poems, such as Five Laws, we should not only appreciate some of its wonderful sentences, but also understand its composition, ups and downs, changes and development of its thoughts. Words seem to look at mountains and dislike peace, and so do poems.
Those who are familiar with the poems of Han and Wei Dynasties will find that this poem has some connection with one of the seven poems written by Cao Zijian for White Horse and Wang Biao. Cao Cao's poem goes like this: "My heart is sad and touched my god. Don't go back to the past if you abandon it! " Wan Li is still a close neighbor. You don't lose money when you are in love. The farther away, the closer. Focus. Trouble has become a rash, isn't it the child's benevolence? "Rushing into the flesh and blood, how can you not suffer?" Wang Bo's poems are obviously influenced by Cao Cao's poems, but they are quite different. Cao Zijian is full of resentment. (5) His remarks were so boring that he was forced to reject them, so his feelings were lingering and his tone was gloomy. Although Wang Bo suffered setbacks, he was young after all, and his words came from the heart, so his feelings were vigorous and his tone was bright. Some people say that Wang's poems are better than Cao's, but I don't think so. But Wang's poems are not simple inheritance, but have their own uniqueness, so they should also be praised.
Appreciating this poem from the perspective of literary history, it is not difficult to feel that it has a fresh breath. The early Tang Dynasty was the beginning of a powerful dynasty in ancient China. Poetry in the Tang Dynasty reached the peak in the history of China literature. The great innovation and development of poetry, which lasted about 200 years, began in the early Tang Dynasty. Wang, Yang, Lu, Luo and other great poets at that time were pioneers who appeared earlier. First of all, they opposed the gaudy poetic style inherited from the early Tang and Six Dynasties. Yang Jiong said that Wang Bo "tasted the early years of Longshuo, and the literary field was variant: fighting for slim structure and carving; Golden jade, dragon and phoenix, chaotic purple and yellow; The video is called beauty by partiality and falsehood. " I have no backbone and I don't know what to do. I think about its shortcomings and use it to pursue my career. ⑦ It can be seen that he consciously reformed the disadvantages of poetry and advocated a vigorous poetic style. Take this poem by Wang Bo as an example. It is really a beautiful habit, simple and vigorous, and the readers at that time must be refreshing. Since then, this poetic style has been greatly developed and has become the dominant style of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Secondly, they made their own contribution to the formation of the new poetic style. Take five-character poems as an example. This new poetic style, which gradually matured and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, was tried and formed in the works of Wang Bo and others. This poem by Wang Bo is two mature five-character poems. Read the five laws of Wang and Meng again, and then read the five laws of Li and Du, and you will find that the development of this new poetic style in the Tang Dynasty is like a big river, which comes down in one continuous line and grows more magnificent as it moves forward.
When talking about the contribution of Wang Bo's poems to later generations, Zheng Zhenduo, a famous literary historian, said passionately: "Just as the myriad rays of the sun god have not passed in the East, the East has been covered with the rosy dawn of the goddess of dawn. Today, "We might as well regard this poem by Wang Bo as a pearl on the necklace of the goddess of dawn, so as to better accept its charming charm.
"Those who are ecstatic just leave." The ancients were very emotional about parting, and parting was serious. At that time, the roads were rugged and the means of transportation were backward. It's hard to say whether we will meet again after many years. It is understandable that they attach so much importance to parting. The farewell of the literati class is not only to prepare farewell banquets and gifts with folded willows, but also to write poems for travelers (farewell) or leave them for residents (farewell) to express their feelings or encourage and comfort each other. Therefore, there are a considerable number of farewell works in the inheritance of ancient poetry.