Wine ①
-Tao Jin Yuanming
Building a house under human conditions (2)
There is no noise of horses and chariots.
Ask what you can do,
The heart is far from being self-centered.
Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums,
See Nanshan leisurely.
The weather is getting better every day.
Birds live in harmony.
There is a real meaning in this,
I forgot what I wanted to say. ④
author
Tao Yuanming (365-427) was cheerful and was called Mr. Jingjie when he said "money". Xunyang Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi) was born. Great-grandfather Tao Kan used to be a Fu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and his father and father were both prefects. Yuanming lost his father at the age of eight, his family was declining and he became increasingly poor. I have been an official several times, and I have been a small official such as offering wine and joining the army. At the age of forty-one, he gave up his official position and went into seclusion. Since then, he has devoted himself to agriculture. He wrote poems on the theme of pastoral life and was the pioneer of the pastoral school. The poetic style is simple and natural, which is highly praised by later generations and has far-reaching influence. Mr. Shu's Collection of Mr. Jing Jie is a good annotation.
To annotate ...
Twenty wine poems are accidental poems after drinking, not written at the moment. ② Human settlement environment: a place where human beings live in compact communities. ③ Sunset: near dusk. (4) after two sentences in Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi? On the Homology of Things: "There are differences among those who distinguish, so don't say anything." Zhuangzi? Foreign things ":"The speaker cares so much that he forgets to speak proudly. "Poetry is to understand the true meaning from the revelation of nature, which is unspeakable and speechless.
translate
My home is built on a busy road, and people live together, but I never bother to entertain people and make noise.
Ask me how I can be so extraordinary, free and easy, and my mind is naturally quiet and far away from the world.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east wall, I was in a trance, and suddenly I looked up at the scenery of Nanshan.
In the twilight, colorful fog fills the air, and flocks of birds return to the embrace of Xiangyuan Mountain.
Nanzhi, this is the true meaning of life, how can I express its profundity!
judge
This is the sixth of the twenty songs in Drinking. The main purpose of poetry is to show the poet's thinking process of understanding the "true meaning" by using the theory of "forgetting the image with pride" in Wei and Jin metaphysics, which is full of rational interest. However, it is not a boring philosophical deduction. The poem writes about carefree feelings and beautiful distant scenery. In the realm of scene blending, there is a philosophy that everything is in its place and entrusted for life. This philosophy is refined and condensed by the poet into epigrams such as "the heart is far away from oneself" and "the truth is inside", which gives readers rational enlightenment and makes the rhyme of the whole poem more beautiful and profound.
In the Song Dynasty, Zhu said: "Although the figures in Jin and Song Dynasties are still lofty, they all want official positions. Here, they speak freely, and there, they demand rights and goods. Can Tao Yuanming really have it? This is higher than the figures in the Jin and Song Dynasties. " This poem is a sculpture of different spiritual characteristics of this poem. Unlike ordinary hermits, he flaunts that he was born outside the dust, but "building a house is based on human feelings"; He is in a "human environment", but he can achieve "no car and no horse" and not dye worldly things. What is the reason? The poet said meaningfully: "The heart is far from self-centered". Peace of mind, peace of mind If you don't seek fame and fortune, even if you live in a downtown area, it's like living in a deep mountain. This profound truth is plain and touching by the poet. Poetry skillfully uses symbolism. "The bird is tired of flying, but it knows it is back." The birds coming back in the evening photos are in harmony with the people who see the mountains leisurely, as if they all found their homes in this quiet mountain forest.
Tao Yuanming's Drinking has 20 poems. This group of poems was not written after drinking, but the poet's dissatisfaction with reality and love for rural life on the topic of drinking, in order to escape persecution through drunkenness in a very sinister environment at that time. In the twentieth "Drinking", he wrote that "it is more fallacious to hate, so be lenient", which shows his good intentions. This is the fifth one. This poem is based on emotion and melts into the scenery, writing the carefree mood of the poet after retiring to the countryside.
The artistic conception of this poem can be divided into two layers, and the first four sentences are one layer. The poet's mood after getting rid of secular troubles shows his thoughts and feelings of despising officialdom and not colluding with the rulers. The last six sentences are on the first floor, which describes the beautiful night scene of Nanshan and the infinite fun that poets get from it. It shows the poet's true feelings and noble personality of loving rural life.
Evaluation "Building a house is under human conditions, but there are no horses and chariots"
Although the poet lives in a dirty world, he is not troubled by the secular world. The noise of horses and chariots is a portrayal of all kinds of ugliness in officialdom, such as fighting with each other and trying to get an official position. However, Tao Yuanming's "building a house" is not a very distant place. How can he not hear the sound of horses and chariots? The poet seems to understand the reader's psychology very well, so he used a rhetorical question "Ask what you can do" and then replied "I am far from my heart". As long as you stay away from the noise of those dignitaries, other aspects will naturally not entangle with them. These four sentences contain incisive philosophy of life, telling us that people's spiritual world can be self-purified. Under certain conditions, as long as we give full play to our subjective initiative, we can change the influence of the objective environment on ourselves and find the joy of life everywhere. The word "far" reflects the poet's spiritual world, extraordinary and free from vulgarity, and has no thoughts of fame and fortune.
Evaluation of "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan"
This is a famous sentence that has been handed down for thousands of years. Because of the spiritual realm of "my heart is far away from myself", I will leisurely pick chrysanthemums under the east fence and look up at the mountains. It is so complacent, so different! These two sentences set off the poet's leisurely mood with the description of objective scenery. The word "carefree" is used beautifully, indicating that what the poet saw and felt was not intended to seek, but met unexpectedly. Su Dongpo was full of praise for these two sentences: "The second time I picked chrysanthemums, I happened to see the mountains. I didn't mean it at first, but I enjoyed it." The word "see" is also used strangely, and "see" happens by accident. The beautiful scenery of Nanshan just set off the carefree mood when picking chrysanthemums, and synthesized the "land without me" I forgot. If you use the word "hope", you will have Nanshan in your mind before you look at it. As a result, you will lose your naive interest in forgetting the plane. What is the beauty of Nanshan, which makes poets admire it so much? Then there is "the weather is getting better every day, and the birds are coming back", which is also the scenery that the poet inadvertently saw. In the beautiful evening scenery of Nanshan, birds fly back to the mountain together, and everything is free and adaptive, just like a poet who got rid of the shackles of officialdom and was carefree, and the poet realized the true meaning of nature and life here. "That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say." What did the poet realize from the birds of nature, Nanshan, sunset and autumn chrysanthemum? Is it a natural law that everything moves in its place? Is it a yearning for an ideal society of simple self-sufficiency in ancient times? Is letting nature take its course a philosophy of life? Is it a straightforward and sincere character? The poet didn't express it clearly, but asked questions implicitly for readers to think about, while he "wanted to identify himself and forget his words." If combined with the previous "building a house is human, but there are no horses and chariots", "true meaning" can be understood as the real meaning of life, that is, life should not be squandered on fame and fortune, should not be defiled by the filth of officialdom, but should return to nature and appreciate its infinite freshness and vitality! Of course, this "true meaning" has a great connotation, and the author has not said it all, and there is no need to say it. These two philosophical summaries give readers endless imagination and are memorable.
The whole poem is written in plain and simple language, and the form and content are highly unified. Whether it is writing about the beautiful scenery of Nanshan in the evening, expressing the leisure of seclusion, telling the fun of rural life, or telling the true meaning of life, it is full of fun. For example, "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" and "The mountains are getting better every day, and the birds are coming back every day", and the famous sentences that combine scenery, emotion and reason are self-evident as "What can I ask you?" Sentences such as "My heart is far away from self-prejudice" and "I have forgotten what I want to say" are plain, simple and natural, but they also have profound meaning, lofty, meaningful, chewy and endless truth and interest.
Twenty songs of drinking
In 4 16 AD, Emperor Wu of Song mobilized all the troops in the country to crusade against the post-Qin Dynasty in five ways from east to west. First conquer Luoyang, and then recover the old capital of the Western Jin Dynasty. In the second year, we conquered Chang 'an. After a hundred years of vicissitudes, Chang 'an was finally recovered by the Jin Army. When the news reached the south of the Yangtze River, the ruling and opposition parties in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were jubilant.
Emperor Wu of Song greatly expanded individual rights through the Northern Expedition. In order to please Emperor Wu of Song, the imperial court appointed Emperor Wu of Song as the prime minister, took charge of state affairs, made him Duke Song, and added nine tin to the ten counties of Shiyi, above the princes. Emperor Wu of song pretended to refuse. Everybody knows at a glance that the imperial court is in the hands of Emperor Wu of Song. If he wants something, the court has to give it to him by imperial decree. He wants to be a court, and today's court has to make way for him quickly, which is a matter of time.
That autumn, Tao Yuanming was always unhappy. He has already seen through, the luck of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has been exhausted, and it is only a matter of time before Emperor Wu usurped the throne. He felt sad and depressed about it all day. As long as the Eastern Jin Dynasty exists, great-grandfather Tao Kan's achievements will be brilliant and shine on his country. Once the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, it was written off. He also believes that everything is developing and changing, and the rise and fall, honor and disgrace are constantly changing alternately. As big as a country, as small as a family. It's no use worrying about these. Drink more wine and have a good sleep.
As long as Tao Yuanming gets the wine, there is no night when he gets drunk without drinking it. He realized that life is as fleeting as lightning, so he should be frank and carefree. Maybe by drinking, I, Tao Yuanming, can go down in history.
Became very poetic after being drunk, just take out a piece of paper and write down your feelings, and wait until you wake up the next day to modify and polish it. The poems written are getting thicker and thicker, so let my old friends help me sort out the transcription. A * * * got 20 poems, and Tao Yuanming named this group of poems "Twenty Poems on Drinking" with a preface:
I live alone, longer than the night, occasionally have famous wine, and don't drink it every night. Gu Ying was alone and suddenly drunk again. After getting drunk, I asked a few questions to amuse myself; There is too much paper and ink to explain. I told my old friend to write it and thought it was a joke.
one
Birds without birds fly alone at dusk.
Wandering endlessly, every night my voice becomes sad.
Li went to Qingyuan, where to go;
Because value is lonely, loose and distant.
There is no glory in the strong wind, and this shadow is not long;
I have my house, which has a history of 1000 years.
In this poem, the lost bird is lonely and rambling, which means that he lives in seclusion and keeps his ambition for life.
A lost bird is still wandering and flying alone at dusk. No suitable habitat was found. The night cries sadly and won't leave. Because of loneliness, the wings are gathered. The cold and strong wind withered all the trees, but the pine trees never died. Like this bird, I finally found my home. It has a history of 1000 years.
Secondly,
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan;
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
This makes sense. I want to distinguish right from wrong and get carried away.
(Note: Most of the textbooks are the fifth song)
This poem is about how people's hearts are far away from the secular world, so when people are on earth, their hearts can feel the real interest outside the secular world.
Although I built a house to live in the world, I don't have the hustle and bustle of secular traffic. This is because my heart is far away from the secular world, so even if I live in a busy city, I will be as undisturbed as I am in a remote place. Su Shi said: "It is the most wonderful thing to see the mountains because of chrysanthemum picking and the scenery because of chrysanthemum picking." These two sentences mean that I accidentally saw Nanshan, and I felt the real meaning and fun from the scenic spots and carefree mood of Nanshan and my seclusion. At sunset, the mountain scenery is particularly good, accompanied by birds. Everything goes with the flow, and there is a deep mystery in it. If you want to tell, you can't tell if you forget what you said.
third
There are thousands of stops, who knows right or wrong;
Contrast between right and wrong, and ruin the reputation.
For more than three seasons, Da Shi seems to be out of place.
Vulgarity is a fool, you should learn from Bo Huang.
The three seasons refer to the Xia, Shang and Wednesday dynasties. The meaning of this poem is that for three generations, people have not clearly distinguished right from wrong, but just followed the trend of the times. The author should go against the world, follow Huanggong Xia, Qiliji and other four hermits who were good in Qin Dynasty and live in seclusion.
There are thousands of people in the world. Who knows what to call them right or wrong? Some people simply look at right and wrong from the surface of things, and then praise or slander others. Since the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there have been many such things, but enlightened people have their own opinions and don't follow suit. Fools in the secular world, they are aggressive, but not the same, so they decided to retire.
Fourth.
Autumn chrysanthemum is more beautiful because of its good color.
Chrysanthemum wine is in the heart, the heart is more beautiful, and the feeling of avoiding customs is deeper.
The wine in the glass waved, and then held the glass.
As the sun sets, birds call to Lin Huan.
Xia, Xiao Ao? Get this life back.
The author of this poem drinks poison to quench thirst and stays away from the world. And heaven remains our neighbourhood, you can feel at ease.
Autumn is the best season for chrysanthemums. With dew, pick chrysanthemums and soak them in wine. Chrysanthemums and wine have excellent fragrance. Qu Yuan's Lisao says: "When you eat Mulan in the morning, it will show up, and when you eat autumn chrysanthemum in the evening, it will become English." Because chrysanthemum is a product of Ao Shuang, eating chrysanthemum can cultivate people's self-purification ability. Drinking this wine that forgets your troubles will make your feelings more extraordinary. Although I was drinking chrysanthemums alone, I was in high spirits and didn't drink enough. When the sun went down, all the movements stopped and the birds returned to the forest. I screamed under the east window. And comfortable.
Fifth.
The east garden is loose, and the grass has no posture;
First frost is different, you can see the tall branches.
Even foresters don't realize that being alone is strange.
Hold a pot and hang a cold ke. From a distance, it will be restored.
In my dream room, what happened to the dust!
Some trees, taller than pine trees, hide the majestic posture of pine trees. But when winter came, all the trees withered, and only pine trees flourished. Authors should learn from the style, loyalty and noble character of pine trees.
Loose in the east garden, the miscellaneous trees have no posture. It was not until the first frost and the tree withered that the pine tree stood upright. When many pine trees are connected into a forest, this quality is not valued. Lonely and tall, amazing talent. When you drink alone, you can see it from a distance. I feel that my life is like a dream. How can life be fettered by worldly fetters!
Sixth.
Smell the door in the morning and turn it upside down.
Ask the son for whom? Father Tian has a kind heart.
I am far-sighted and doubt that I will keep pace with the times.
"? It is not enough for the grass under the eaves to live high.
I will spend my life in Shang Tong. May you giggle at your mud. ".
"I was very impressed by the words of my elders, and I was very angry.
You can learn honestly, but you are not fascinated!
And * * * Huan this drink, I dare not drive back! "
This poem, under the guise of Fu Tian's question and answer with himself, expresses his firm attitude of lifelong seclusion and answers those who kindly advised him to take up his post.
I heard a knock at the door in the morning and ran to open the door before I got dressed. It turned out to be a kind old farmer who came to meet me from afar with wine to comfort me, suspecting that what I did was out of date and against the world. Father Tian said, "A shabby hut is not a lonely place. The whole society advocates going with the flow, and I hope you can go with the flow. " Qu Yuan wrote it in The Songs of the South? The fisherman said, "The world is muddy, so why not ooze mud and not get stained?" "
The poet replied to Tian's father: "I deeply feel that my father and I are kind and can persuade each other, but my nature rarely gets along with others." It is true that you can learn to return to your official career, but it is not stupid to go against your nature! Let's have a drink together for the time being. My driver can't come back. The determination to retire has been made, and it's no use talking about it. "
Seventh.
Guests often stop at the same time and choose different places.
A gentleman is often drunk alone, but a husband wakes up all year round.
Laugh when you are drunk, but don't talk coquettishly.
Rules and regulations are stupid, but arrogance and poverty.
Send a message to a guest, and there will be no candles for a day.
This poem compares the drunk with the awakened one, thinking that the awakened one is stupid and pitiful because of secular views; A drunk person can detect hypocrisy, but he shows sobriety. It shows that the world is cold and unbearable, so we have to get drunk with strong liquor to show our indignation.
There are two guests who live in the same place, but their attitudes towards the choice are completely different. A guest is often drunk alone, and a guest wakes up all year round. The two men laughed at each other and neither of them listened to what the other said. What a foolish act it is to be cautious after waking up, but it is wiser to be humble and wild by a drunk. Qiu Jiasui's Notes on the Pottery Poems in Dongshan Caotang said: "Waking up is not really waking up, but it is idiocy. Drunk is not really drunk but actually smart. " Tell drunken people to drink by candlelight after sunset.
Eighth.
Young people are scarce and swim well in the Six Classics.
If you are not confused, you will accomplish nothing if you stay for a long time.
In fact, I am clinging to poverty, hungry and full.
Bad company in Hengtai, weeds have no vestibule.
Keep the night brown, and the chickens will not crow in the morning.
Meng Gong is not here, so he finally saved my feelings.
The author laments that his youth is good at six classics and has the ambition to help the world, but the world is difficult and dangerous, and he has achieved nothing for a long time. It is peace and poverty, seclusion and hard work, hunger and cold, and loneliness without bosom friends.
When I was a teenager, I rarely interacted with the outside world. My favorite is the Six Classics of Confucianism. I am old now, but my studies have stagnated and my career has achieved nothing. I live in seclusion in the countryside with the moral integrity of "a gentleman is poor", and I am hungry and cold. Hengtai broke into the house, and the former president was overgrown with weeds. Hungry and cold, I couldn't sleep, put on my clothes and sat until dawn. It happened that the morning chicken refused to dawn, and the night was longer. Now there is no confidant who can understand himself, so what I have done will eventually be covered up and I can't confess.
Meng Gong in this poem was written by Gong Liu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to Gao Tu Zhuan, Zhongwei Zhang lived in seclusion in the Eastern Han Dynasty and refused to be an official. "Often poor, no one in Artemisia, closed-door health, died of fame. When people are ignorant, only Gong Liu knows. "
Qijiu
Orchids grow in the front hall, breathing and waiting for the breeze.
The breeze is blowing against the wind, and the weeds are fragrant.
Go on, lose my old way, conform to nature or Per.
Now that you are awake to go, be careful that the bird abandons the bow.
The author treats orchids as a breeze to show fragrance and metaphor for waiting for talents. However, the official career is sinister and the birds are hidden, so they have to live in seclusion.
The orchids growing in the vestibule are full of fragrance, waiting for the breeze. Because the breeze can blow its fragrance far away to bid farewell to mugwort leaves. I seem to be lost now, and I can't recognize the old road. I want to live in seclusion in the countryside, let nature take its course and the road will be smooth. I realized that it is right to go back to the field and live in seclusion, because the birds are gone and the good bow should be put away.
tenth
Ziyun is addicted to alcohol and comes from a poor family.
Time depends on good people, and mash is used to solve doubts.
If you do it, someone will consult you.
Sometimes you refuse to speak, you are not cutting the country.
The benevolent uses his heart, so he loses his silence.
The author of this poem used the last years of the Western Han Dynasty to express his ambition. Yang Xiongzi Ziyun. When Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, those who were eloquent praised Wang Mang for calling himself emperor, so they were all rewarded. Yang Xiong refused to follow suit, so there was no seal.
Yang Xiong was born with good wine. His family is poor, so he can't always get it. He can only rely on those who like to pursue ancient things and ask him for advice and explanation with wine and vegetables in order to have wine to drink. He can drink all the wine and answer all the difficult questions. Of course, when you ask him about his plans to attack other countries, he won't say. Because the benevolent thinks seriously about the problem, he says it when he says it, and he doesn't say it when he says it wrong.
Eleventh session
My old friend rewarded me with interest, and the pot was harmonious.
Ban Jing sat in Panasonic and got drunk after counting.
My father and his elders talked nonsense, and when he thought about it, he lost his line.
I didn't know I was there, so I knew things were precious.
You are fascinated, and the wine smells deep!
Tao Yuanming leads a quiet pastoral life. On this day, he invited his friends to Panasonic for a drink. My old friend rewarded me with interest, and the pot was harmonious. There is no table or stool to drink, so I have to lie on the ground and sit around the host and guest. There is no joy of silk and bamboo, only listening to the wind blowing pine leaves and listening to the rambling words of the elders. In this case, wine is not intoxicating, but everyone is drunk.
In the hazy drunkenness, self-consciousness disappears, and the poet enters the realm of selflessness, which makes people see the image of a drunken poet.
The poet finally said: Some people are obsessed with vanity and fame, but I know that "wine has a deep taste". Since Wei and Jin Dynasties, celebrities have been advocating nature and addicted to alcohol. What they pursue is the realm of harmony with nature. Only by drinking can they reach this level. This is the deep taste of wine.
twelfth
Good luck is rewarded, and Uncle Yi is in Xishan.
If good and evil should not be, why make empty statements?
Ninety rope, hungry and cold.
It's good to be poor, who will pass it on forever.
As soon as the poet put pen to paper, he hit the nail on the head and revealed a contradiction: people say that good is rewarded with good, and evil with evil. In fact, Boyi and Shu Qi, the two best people, starved to death in Xishan (shouyangshan). Boyi and Shu Qi were two sons of Shang Dynasty. After their father died, they ceded the throne to each other. After Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he ate shamefully, hid in shouyangshan, ate from the European Union, and finally starved to death. The poet then sternly pointed out that since good is rewarded with good and evil with evil, why did the ancient sages say such empty words?
The poet also quoted the deeds of Yung Yung's period, proving that preaching such as one good deed deserves another is empty talk. Rong Qiqi is a man who lives and works in peace and contentment, and a good man in feudal society. Confucius said the glorious period: "If you are kind, you can forgive yourself." However, at the age of 90, this good man still lived a life of hunger and cold with deerskin as his clothes and rope as he did when he was young.
However, Boyi, Shu Qi and Rong Qi did not get good results before their death, but their fame spread to later generations after their death. Their reputation can be passed down from generation to generation by sticking to the moral integrity of poverty. Tao Yuanming himself is such a poor man who sticks to poverty.
Thirteen
The feast was called benevolence, and Rong Gong said something.
If you are empty for several years, you will starve to death.
Although I left my name, my life withered.
You never know when you will die, but you'd better be content.
A guest raised the body of a daughter, and his treasure disappeared from his face.
What's wrong with naked burial? People should understand what they mean.
Yan Hui, a disciple of Confucius, is a benevolent man. However, he was 29 years old, with all white hair and died young. Rong Qiqi is also a famous good man, but at the age of 90, he still lives a hungry and cold life. Although they left a good reputation, they knew nothing after their death.
In this world, some people cherish themselves and regard their bodies as precious as gold, but when they die, no matter how precious their bodies are, they must be destroyed. When Yang Wangsun died in the Western Han Dynasty, he told his son to be buried naked. He wanted to kiss the soil with his own body. People should understand their true meaning.
The first eight sentences of this poem say that fame is not expensive enough, and the last four sentences say that the body is not precious enough, which are all cynical words.
When Tao Yuanming wrote Twenty Drinking Poems, he drank a lot and often gave up drinking at home. When he wrote nineteen poems, the jar at home was empty for several days. Just then, I suddenly heard someone knocking at the door one morning. Tao Yuanming put on his clothes and opened the door. It turned out to be neighbor Li Laohan, standing outside the door with a jar in his arms. Li Laohan said: "The wine just brewed in our home in the early morning, I want you to taste it, so I will bring it to you quickly!" "
When Tao Yuanming saw the wine coming, he danced with joy and said:
"I haven't eaten for several days and I don't feel hungry, but I haven't drunk these days and I'm dying of thirst!"
"I don't know you yet!" Li Laohan said, "Even if you die of thirst, you should be an alcoholic."
The two men laughed loudly.
Entering the room, Tao Yuanming eagerly poured out a bowl of wine, and the pale yellow wine gave off a charming bouquet, which made people salivate. Because it is just brewed wine, it has not been filtered, and some distiller's grains float on the wine surface, like some termites. Tao Yuanming went to look for the wine towel, but he couldn't find it for a long time. When I scratched my head, I remembered the towel wrapped around my head, covered it in an empty bowl, and poured a bowl of turbid wine on the towel. He dusted the distiller's grains off the towel and wound it around his head. The towel on the head is also a charming bouquet, which penetrates into Tao Yuanming's heart through his nose.
"This is a good idea," Tao Yuanming said proudly. "It filters wine and can be worn on your head to smell the fragrance."
Tao Yuanming raised the bowl of filtered wine and gulped it down. Suddenly, he felt his eyes lit up, his mouth was full of wind, every pore was breathable, and every cell was happy.
Tao Yuanming drank enough wine sent by Li Laohan and wrote the last of twenty drinking poems.
fourteenth
Xi Nong has been gone for a long time, and this world is rarely true.
Draw an old man in the middle of Lu, sew him up and make him pure.
Although the phoenix bird has not arrived, the ceremony and music are temporarily new.
Our eyes are spinning and floating, holding the crazy Qin.
What's wrong with poetry and calligraphy? Once the dust settles.
Just old people, sincere and diligent about things.
How can it be beautiful? Six people have no relatives?
Driving all day and not seeing what you want?
Don't drink quickly, for fear of wearing a towel on your head.
But hate is even more fallacious, so forgive my intoxicating.
Tao Yuanming is the first person to write a large number of wine poems on the theme of drinking. His poems are full of wine, and he sends wine as a trace.
Fuxi and Shennong are the two oldest emperors in the legendary "Huang San". They have left us for a long time, so innocent people are rare in the world. Confucius, who worked hard all his life, wanted to make up for the fragmented society of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and return the folk customs to that simple era.
Although Confucius' efforts to run around did not achieve the goal of ruling the world, although the phoenix bird he expected did not fly, after his textual research, the poems, books, rituals and music since the Yin and Zhou Dynasties finally recovered from the incompleteness. However, since Confucius' career of setting up an altar to give lectures between our water and Surabaya stopped, he has never heard any news again. The world went from bad to worse, so that the crazy Qin Shihuang appeared, burning books to bury Confucianism and burning poetry books to ashes.
Fortunately, in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, several old Confucian scholars, such as Fu Sheng, were diligent in teaching the Six Classics. But why didn't anyone like and get close to the Six Classics after the death of the world? Now some people, like Confucius, run around in the car all day, but no one comes to treat them.
Finally, I suddenly turned to drinking. What can I say and do in such a desperate world? I have to drink in a good way to live up to the kudzu towel I wear on my head to filter the wine. Tao Yuanming wrote twenty drinking poems, and this is the last one. This group of poems is outspoken after drinking, talking about their feelings and views on history, reality and life. Because it is straightforward after drinking, it is inevitable that there will be errors. "But hatred is more ridiculous, so please forgive me."
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
Land reclamation in the south and return to the countryside.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
The elm tree is behind Liu Yin and in front of Luotang in Li Tao.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Explanation:
Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden", a famous pastoral poem, was written in the second year after the author resigned from his post and returned to his hometown.
At the beginning of the poem, it is said that when I was young, I didn't adapt to the secular character and naturally loved the natural scenery. "Falling into the dust net by mistake" means a lot of regret. Comparing "dust net" with officialdom shows the poet's contempt and disgust for dirty officialdom.
"Caged birds" and "pond fish" are both animals that have lost their freedom. Tao Yuanming used his own metaphor to show that he missed the beautiful nature like a bird loves to return to the forest and a fish misses his hometown. Returning to nature means regaining his freedom. So how do you make a living? "Southern Land Reclamation" can make up for the previous mistakes and can "return to the garden".
Next, it describes the quiet and natural pastoral scenery. Although Tao Yuanming lived at the foot of Lushan Mountain since childhood and was very familiar with the mountains and rivers here, this time he broke free from the shackles of officialdom and returned to the free world forever from the cage dust net, so he had a special joy and freshness. Looking back and looking forward, he looked at the square houses, grass houses, elm willows, peaches and plums, villages, kitchen smoke, and even the barking of dogs and the crowing of chickens in deep alleys, all of which constituted the true interest in the poet's chest.
"Warm", blurred vision; "yiyi", light smoke curled up. In this diluted silence, coupled with a few crows, more and more shows the tranquility and leisure of rural life.
At the end of the four sentences, the mind is written by the scenery, and "virtual room" corresponds to "home", which refers to both the leisurely and quiet room and the poet's carefree state of mind. At the end of the poem, the two sentences "I have been locked in a cage for a long time, but I have returned to nature" echo the beginning of the poem. The personality shown here is neither a villa hermit nor a field farmer. The retired scholar-officials have a superior material life, while the farmers in weeding fields lack the spiritual life of Tao Yuanming, so Tao Yuanming is a poet and philosopher who can really appreciate the interest of nature and gain peace of mind from hard work.
"Returning to nature" is the central theme of this poem. It is the poet's life ideal and the main theme of this group of pastoral poems.