Du Fu's "Spring Outlook"
The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of spring vegetation.
I am moved to tears by the flowers, and the birds are frightened by the hatred.
The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold.
The white-headed scratches are shorter, and the lust is overwhelming.
Appreciation of artistic conception:
In June 756, the Anshi rebels captured Chang'an. In July, Tang Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu. Du Fu went to defect to Suzong after hearing the news. He was captured by the rebels on the way and brought to Chang'an. "Spring Hope" was written in March of the following year. It concentratedly expresses the poet's feelings of worrying about his country, missing his family and mourning for himself, which is deeply touching.
"The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of grass and trees in spring." The opening chapter describes what Chun Wang saw: the country's capital fell and the city was dilapidated. Although the mountains and rivers remained the same, there were weeds everywhere and green trees. The word "broken" is shocking, and then the word "deep" is depressing. The poet clearly writes about the scenery here, but actually expresses his feelings, placing his feelings on things and feeling on the scenery, which creates the atmosphere of the whole poem. At the same time, the antitheses in this couplet are neat, mature and natural, and the poetry is ups and downs. "National destruction" and "city spring" have opposite meanings and a strong contrast. "The country is broken" is followed by "mountains and rivers are here", which has the opposite meaning and is unexpected; "city spring" is originally supposed to be a bright scene, but the suffix "deep grass and trees" describes the desolate state, which is inconsistent with each other.
"The flowers shed tears when they feel the time, and the birds are frightened when they see them farewell." These two sentences are usually interpreted to mean that flowers and birds are meant to entertain people, but because they feel the time and hate farewell, they make the poet fall down when he sees them. Shocked with tears. Another explanation is that the flowers and birds are used to represent people, and they feel sad when they say goodbye. The flowers shed tears and the birds are frightened. Although the two poems are different, their spirit can be connected. One is emotional when touching the scene, and the other is empathetic to the object. Both express the feelings of touching the time and hurting the world. This couplet starts with the word "feeling for the time" and starts with the word "hate to say goodbye". The composition is clear.
The first four sentences of the poem are all contained in the word "Wang". In the changes of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from looking up at the scenery to bowing his head in contemplation, and naturally transitioned to the second half - missing his relatives.
"The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold." Since the Anshi Rebellion, "the war has burned hard and the faith of the village has been broken." Until now, in the deep spring of March, the war has continued. The poet's wife and children are in Yanzhou. He is obsessed with the safety of his family. How can he rest assured when letters from home are not coming? "Worth Ten Thousand Gold" expresses the preciousness of letters from home, the urgency of being cut off from news and the long wait for news to come, and expresses the strong longing for his wife and children. This is an idea that everyone has in their mind, and it naturally makes people scream, so it has become a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
"The hairpin is shorter when the white head is scratched, and the hairpin is full of lust." The war is everywhere, and family letters are blocked. I miss the tragic scene in the distance, and look at the decadent scene in front of me. I can't help but scratch my head when I am bored. Hesitating, I suddenly felt that my hair was sparse and short, with few hairpins. "White hair" is caused by sorrow, "scratching" is an action to relieve sorrow, and "shorter" shows the degree of sorrow. In this way, in addition to the pain of losing a country, losing a family, and being separated from others, they also sigh and grow old, which adds a layer of sadness. And he aged so quickly because he was worried about his country, hurt by time, and homesick.
Throughout the whole poem, the first four sentences describe the fall of the spring city, full of sighs; the last four sentences describe the situation of missing relatives, full of detachment. The whole poem is profound, sincere and natural, reflecting the poet's beautiful sentiments of loving the country and missing his family. Therefore, it has been popular and enduring for thousands of years.