Re-examine the classics with a modern eye, take their essence and discard their dross, and enter into the appreciation and learning of classics with life, story and aesthetics on the premise of accurately understanding the characters themselves. Through the study of this workshop, students will: 1, cultivate a strong interest in learning ancient Chinese; 2. Be familiar with the essence of the core classics of traditional culture; 3. Accurately understand commonly used classical Chinese vocabulary, and be familiar with commonly used classical Chinese sentence patterns and expressions; 4. Cultivate aesthetic taste and innovative consciousness, and improve individual personality.
Enlighten with morality and learn to be polite.
2. Who has a relatively simple scenery-writing ancient prose, a lake pavilion and watching the snow scene, suitable for children in grade two or three?
In December in Chongzhen, I lived by the West Lake. It snowed for many days, and the noise of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared.
This is the day, and it is more fixed. I took a boat, held a fire, and went to the lake pavilion to see the snow alone. Haze, sky and clouds, mountains and water, white up and down; The shadow on the lake is only the trace of a long bank, a small pavilion in the middle of the lake and a mustard tuber on the boat, and there are two or three people on board.
On the gazebo, two people sat opposite each other. A boy was cooking wine and the stove was boiling. Seeing it, I was overjoyed and said, "There is no such person in the lake!" " Pull me together and drink with me. I tried to drink three glasses of wine and then said goodbye to them. Ask them what their surnames are. They are from Nanjing and are guests in this place.
When he got off the boat, Zhou Zi murmured, "Don't say" xianggong "is crazy. There are more people like" xianggong "who are crazy."
[Appreciation]
This article is a masterpiece of Zhang Dai's sketches. By recalling an experience of boating and watching snow in the West Lake, the author showed his seclusion and expressed his deep attachment and sentimental feelings. It snowed heavily for three days in the dead of night, and the author went by boat alone. I met a guest unexpectedly in the pavilion, and the three of them exchanged names before leaving. Zhou Zi mumbled and fell in love with three people, but I didn't know that these three people were just temperamental people. The most striking feature of this paper is its concise writing, which is less than 200 words, but it integrates narrative, scenery and lyricism. What is particularly amazing is that the author's efforts in tempering quantifiers such as "one mark", "one point", "one mustard" and "two or three grains" convey an eternal and vast realm, even a silent atmosphere, which is amazing. The author makes good use of contrast techniques, big and small, cold and hot, loneliness and bosom friend, and the contrast is sharp, which strongly expresses his deep feelings about life and lingering thoughts about his old country.
[Expert Comment]
Qi Biaojia: There are, Zhang, and pen-making tools in chemical industry. His travels include Boao by Li Daoyuan, Spicy Life by Liu Tongren, Li Xi by Yuan Zhonglang and Humor by Wang Jizhong. One of them is an ethereal and glittering spirit, and there is nothing to find. A vivid portrayal of the West Lake, politics is in Adu. Preface to West Lake Dream
Zhang Dai: Tao An lost its family, and went into the mountains ... because I miss Yu's life, which is prosperous, beautiful and empty. For 50 years, I have a dream. ..... I occasionally draw one, such as wandering the old road, seeing an old friend and people in the city, and turning to complacency. It's true that you can't dream until you're an idiot. Preface to Tao An's Memories of Dreams
[translation]
In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen, I lived in the West Lake. After three days of heavy snow, the voices of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared. After the early morning of this day, I rowed a boat, wore a leather coat and took a stove, and went to the lake pavilion to see the snow alone. The lake is full of ice flowers condensed by water vapor, and the sky and clouds, mountains and water are one integrated mass, and it is white. The (relatively clear) shadow on the lake is only the (faint) trace of a long dike, the outline of a pavilion in the middle of the lake, and two or three figures on my boat.
When I arrived at the pavilion, I saw two people sitting opposite. They had already laid the felt. A boy is cooking wine in the wine stove. (They) were very happy to see me and said, "How can you meet such an (elegant) person in the lake!" Take me to drink with you. I drank three large glasses and said goodbye (to them). Ask them what their surnames are and learn that they are from Jinling and live here. After getting off the boat, the boatman muttered, "Don't say" xianggong "is stupid, there are people like you!"
3. Classical Chinese suitable for primary school students (it is best to send articles). Fang Zhongyong, a native of Jinxi, Fang Zhongyong, was born in Shiligeng. Zhong Yongsheng knows nothing about calligraphy for five years. He burst into tears. His father is different, borrow four sentences to name him. His poems are based on adoptive parents, family collections and the perspective of a township scholar. Naturally, they refer to things like poetry, both arts and sciences. In Ming Dow, the Japanese poet Zhong Yonghuan visited people in this city, which made him stop studying. I've heard a long time ago. He came back from his ancestors and met him at his uncle's house. Twelve or three years later, he wrote a poem, which could not be said before. Seven years later, he came back from Yangzhou and went back to his uncle's house to ask questions. He said, "Everyone's gone!" The prince said: Zhong Yong's understanding is also an act of God.
It is also blessed, far more virtuous than talents. If you are everyone's pawn, you will not be influenced by others.
He is a man who receives heaven, so he is a saint, and he who does not receive heaven is for all; Today's husband is not subject to heaven, and he is not subject to heaven, only for everyone. Fang Zhongyong is a civilian in Jinxi County, who has been farming for generations. When Zhong Yong was five years old, he had never seen writing tools before and suddenly cried for them. His father was surprised by this and borrowed them from his neighbor's house. He immediately wrote four poems and wrote his own name. This poem, with the content of supporting parents and uniting the same people, was distributed to the scholars in the town to watch. From then on, he was assigned to write poetry, and he could finish it at once. There is something worthy of appreciation in the literary talent and truth of poetry. People in the same county were surprised at him and gradually invited his father to visit him. Some people asked Zhong Yong to write poems with money and gifts. His father thought it was profitable. He took Fang Zhongyong to visit people in the same county every day and refused to let him study. I've heard a long time ago. In the era of Ming Dow, he followed his late father back to his hometown and met Fang Zhongyong at his uncle's house. He is twelve or thirteen years old. He was asked to write poems. It's not quite what I heard before. Seven years later, I came back from Yangzhou and went to my uncle's house to ask about Fang Zhongyong. My uncle said, "He can disappear completely, just like ordinary people." Mr. Wang said: our knowledge and understanding ability are innate. His talent is far higher than that of ordinary talented people.
Because he didn't get the education the day after tomorrow, he finally became an ordinary person. A naturally intelligent person like him will become an ordinary person if he has no acquired education. Therefore, those who are not born smart and ordinary now may not be ordinary if they don't receive education after tomorrow. When two children were arguing about Confucius' eastward trip to Japan, they saw two children arguing (1) and asked why (2).
A son said, "I started from (3) the day I went out, (4) people were near, and Japanese and China were far away." Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.
A son said, "At the beginning of the day, the sun rises as big as a hood (6) and as big as a bowl (7). Isn't this (10) something bigger? " A son said, "It's cool when the sun rises in the morning (1 1), just like exploring soup at noon (12). Isn't this near hot and far cold? " Confucius can't decide (13). The two children laughed and said, "Who is Tathagata Zhihu (14)?" Note: (1) Debate: Debate, debate.
(2) reason: reason, reason. (3) take: think.
(4) Go: Leave. (5) noon: noon.
(6) Car cover: Now all umbrellas have a dome-shaped canopy, which is called the car cover (7) and: Here we are. (8) then: just.
(9) Spoon: The round one is a dish, and the square one is a spoon. A jar is an open vessel for holding wine and food.
(10) Yes: Yes. (1 1) Cang Cang Liang: cold and cloudy, with cool weather.
(12) soup exploration: put your hand into hot water. It means it's very hot.
T: hot water (13) decision: judgment. (14) Who is your Zhihu: Who said you were wise? Who: Who?
For, with "said", said. You, you.
Knowledge is the same as wisdom and wisdom. Pronunciation: Pan Yu Ru Ru Translation: 1 Confucius gave a speech in the East. When he saw two children arguing, he asked them what they were arguing about.
A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon." A child thinks that the sun is far when it first comes out and near at noon.
A child said, "When the sun first came out, it was as big as the roof of a carriage." At noon, it is as big as a plate. Isn't this just that the distance (looks) is small and the distance (looks) is big? "(Another) child said," It was very cold when the sun first came out, and at noon it was like putting your hand into hot water. Isn't it hotter as you get closer and colder as you get farther away? "Confucius can't decide (who is right and who is wrong).
The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?" Confucius went to the East to study and saw two children arguing on the way. Confucius asked them why they argued.
A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon.
The previous child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a bowl at noon. Isn't it far small and near big? " Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. Isn't it cool to be near hot and far hot? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?" I am in Grade Two, and I think these two articles are very suitable for primary schools.
4. It is not difficult to learn classical Chinese well, as long as we start from the following two aspects: First, master the correct learning method 1 and read it repeatedly.
In the Song Dynasty, Zhu said, "Read it a hundred times, and you can understand yourself. You read well, you don't need to explain, and you know what it means. "
The ancients were very clever. When children enter school, the teacher doesn't talk much about theory, but asks them to recite the three-character classics, the four books and the five classics over and over again, and the meaning of the article will naturally be understood. Mr. Li Guotao, a famous literary critic and novelist, said: "China's ancient poetry and prose can't be ignored.
If you didn't understand it at that time or didn't fully understand it, then recite it first. "Mr. Guo Moruo also said," When I was a child, the books I memorized, like a big iceberg, will slowly melt with age, and once they melt, they will be great wealth. "
It can be seen that the easiest and quickest way to learn classical Chinese is to read more and recite more, so as to reach the realm of "knowing 300 poems of Tang poetry, knowing how to recite without writing". 2. Word accumulation.
Learning classical Chinese is like learning a foreign language. Without enough vocabulary, everything is a castle in the air and an armchair strategist, so vocabulary accumulation is the basis of learning classical Chinese well. Word accumulation can be divided into two categories: content word accumulation and function word accumulation.
Relatively speaking, content words are easier to remember, while function words are more difficult to remember, because function words in classical Chinese are abstract in meaning, frequently used and flexible in usage. At this time, it is not difficult to remember with some flexible and ingenious methods.
For example, there are 23 places where the function word "er" is used in "Zuiwengting Ji" by Ouyang Xiu, and we can classify its usage into five kinds, which is easier to remember. (1) "Deep-flowing fish fertilizer" means parallel relationship; (2) "The sunrise makes the forest blossom" means to inherit the relationship; (3) "Miscellaneous, but the former", indicating the relationship of modification; (4) "Less drunk, but the highest age" indicates a progressive relationship.
⑤ "Birds know the joy of mountains, but don't know the joy of people", which indicates a turning point. 3. Grammatical induction.
In a classical Chinese, students are confused by the use of fallacies, prepositions and postpositions, and the different meanings of ancient and modern times. What should I do? We might as well use induction to classify and summarize. We can draw a brief table and mark the common words, movable parts of speech, ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy, interrogative sentences, judgmental sentences, passive sentences, ellipsis sentences and variant sentences in the table, which will be clear at a glance and easy to remember.
5. Books suitable for reading in the third grade of primary school Recommended bibliography for extracurricular reading in primary school
The second stage (grade 3-4)
A Thousand Words, A Thousand Poems, Disciples' Rules, Reading Manual of Ancient Poems, Dalin and Kobayashi, For Young Readers, Yan Wenjing Fairy Tales, Gao Shiqi Popular Science Fairy Tales, Ye Shengtao Fairy Tales, Children's Ancient Literature Series, China Humorous Children's Literature Series, and Biography of Pipiru. Chinese Five Thousand Years Up and Down, Doraemon Handmade Series, Stories of Chinese and Foreign Scientists,100000 New Why Stories, Scientific Essays, Adventures of Greek Boatman, Bambi, Little Thinker in Action, Magician's Hat, Jungle Story, Puppet Adventure, Pippi Longstocking Story, Arabian Nights (6 articles, including Arabian Nights, Fishermen's Stories,
6. What ancient Chinese texts are suitable for sixth-grade primary school students? The Analects of Confucius, Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Huai Nan Zi and Han Fei Zi are more suitable for primary school students to read.
The eternal famous sentences in the ancient poetry of grade six;
1, before me, where were those lost years? Behind me, where are the future generations? .
2, picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan.
3, the desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook.
4. The sunset is infinitely beautiful and buried by the coming night.
Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains are short in the sky. ..
6. When will there be a bright moon? Ask heaven for wine.
7, sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.
8. Life is a hero, and death is a ghost.
However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will remain our neighbor.
10, young people will be sad if they don't work hard.
1 1, this is the same root. What's your hurry?
12, who knows that every Chinese food is hard.
Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they were tall again in the spring breeze.
14 but an inch of grass has a few feelings, and it is rewarded with three spring rays.
15, the castle peak can't be covered, after all, it flows eastward.
16, but if you walk up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles.
17, I wish people a long life and a beautiful scenery.
18, ten fingers are not stained with mud, and the scales live in the building.
Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation is spring.
20. When will all rivers enter the sea in the east and return to the west?
2 1, petals have fallen like tears, and lonely birds have also sang their grief.
22. The river of no return is a romantic figure through the ages.
23. People have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of ups and downs.
24. There is no doubt about mountains and rivers, and there is another village.
25, when is the spring flower and autumn moon, how much is known about the past!
26. How much trouble can you have? Like a river flowing eastward.
27. The yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and the broken loulan is not returned.
28. I advise you to drink one more glass of wine and go out of Yangguan for no reason.
29. Don't be afraid of death, but leave your innocence in the world.
30. Four hundred and eighty halls in southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy.
3 1, being in a foreign land, I miss my family more often during the festive season.
32. Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors.
34. Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and no one in the world knows you.
35, the sky is gray, the wild is vast, and the wind and grass are low to see cattle and sheep.
36, green bamboo hat, green hemp fiber, oblique wind and drizzle do not have to be returned.
37. Seen from the side of the ridge, it becomes a mountain peak with different distances.
After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that at four o'clock in June.
39. Spring is always waiting for the east wind.
The 40-year-old adherents stayed in tears in Chen Hu, Julian Waghann for another year.
4 1, the canal is so clear because there is running water at the source.
42, three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo, the spring river plumbing duck prophet.
43. If you want to compare the West Lake to the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate.
44. Sunrise in the east and rain in the west. Although the road is sunny, it is sunny.
45. Passers-by waved at a distance, fearing that the fish would not be surprised.
46. If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot.
47, the shade does not reduce the road, adding four or five orioles.
48. Artemisia selengensis is covered with short reed buds, which is when the puffer fish wants to come up.
49. This song should only exist in the sky. How many times can the world listen to it?
50. When does the West Lake Song and Dance close?