Grass on the side, grass on the side, grass on the side should be old. The mountains in the south and the mountains in the north are all snowy, sunny and bright in Wan Li. Mingyue, Mingyue, Hu Jia is so sad.
Except for spending the night at Stone Hill.
Who asked about the hotel? The cold lamp is amiable. Tonight is the last night of the year, and I am wandering thousands of miles away.
Looking back on the past, it is an insignificant thing, sad and sad; Lonely, I only have a wry smile and acid. Sorrow makes my face old and my hair full of white hair. With a sigh, I ushered in a new year.
I have been wandering for a long time, lonely among the guests, and this situation is even more embarrassing when I am still alone in a foreign country on New Year's Eve. This poem truly describes the poet's experience at that time, and contains endless feelings and desolation.
This poem is regarded as written by the poet in his later years when he was the secretariat of Fuzhou (now Jiangxi). At this time, he is in Shitougang (on the west bank of Ganjiang River in Xinjian County, Jiangxi Province), and may have to take the Yangtze River back to his hometown Jintan (now Jiangsu Province). "Who asked the hotel? The cold lamp is amiable. " This sentence is abrupt, but it makes sense. On New Year's Eve, thousands of families in Qian Qian were reunited, but they were still floating in the sea of officials, rushing about on the journey and staying alone in the post office. Without friends sitting together all night, who will ask about the temperature? People have no relatives, and now there is only a cold lamp, swaying as a companion. "Who asked each other", with a questioning tone, can better highlight the grievances of travelers. "Cold Lamp" points out that it is cold at the end of the year, and also shows the poet's homesickness and loneliness. Eden, by contrast, will naturally think of the embarrassing situation in front of him: "One year will be all night, and Wan Li has not returned." The sentence clearly points out that "except at night", while the sentence reveals the feeling of separation of Wan Li's relatives. Shen Deqian of A Qing Dynasty said this: "Wanli should have come back and lived on a stone pillar, but he didn't go home. Otherwise, Shicheng (short for "Shicheng") is different from Jintan in geometry, but the cloud is Wan Li? " This is of course an understanding. But we can't use "Wan Li" just because Shigang is not far from Jintan. As long as the poet has not arrived home, there will be a feeling of being far away. "Wan Li" does not seem to refer to the actual distance between the two places, but to the psychological distance. This couplet, which abandons the predicate and uses only two nouns, is in opposition to the previous attributions "One year will pass" and "Wan Li will not return". It juxtaposes the distant timeliness with the broad sense of space, and has its own feelings and artistic conception, showing the poet's superb artistic generalization and profound image appeal.
This night, how many past events came to mind. "Grief over the past, smile proudly", and write down this self-mockery when you return to reality. "Fragmented" refers to an incomplete body, which here refers to displacement and illness. According to records, Dai Shulun made outstanding achievements during his official career. In his later years in Fuzhou, he was falsely questioned and later rehabilitated. The poet has been acting all his life and has the ambition to save time. Now, instead of realizing it, he ended up with a broken bone and wandering in the Jianghu. How can this not be ridiculous? This "smile" contains a lot of indignation at unreasonable reality, and it is a helpless wry smile with bitter tears.
But what are the prospects? "Sad decline, spring again tomorrow." Vientiane is renewed at the beginning of the year, but the poet's sadness will not change. The word "you" indicates that the poet has to wait until he is 20 years old every year, and only the old environment is getting worse and worse, and his tragic fate is getting worse every year. This ending gives people a heavy sense of depression and endless bitterness. The whole poem is sincere and profound, continuous, sad and moving, which is incomparable to ordinary mourners.
San Lv Temple
Yuan Xiang keeps flowing, why does Qu Zi complain? Autumn wind rises at dusk, and maple trees whisper.
San Lv Temple is a temple dedicated to San Lv Quyuan, a doctor of Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the records of the unified Qing Dynasty, the temple is located in the north of Xiangyin County (now Miluo County) in Changsha. This poem was written in memory of Qu Yuan.
Regarding Qu Yuan, Sima Qian said: "Qu Ping is flat and straight, runs out of loyalty and wisdom, and serves the monarch and respects the world, which can be described as poverty." . Believe and see doubt, be loyal and slander, can you have no complaints? (Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records) The poet expressed his feelings for Qu Yuan with clear and implicit poems around the word "resentment".
Yuanxiang is two rivers often lamented in Qu Yuan's poems. "Huai Sha" said: "Yuan Lane is vast, and the streams are flowing. The road is long and Xiu Yuan is awkward. " "Xiang Jun" also said: "Make Yuan Lane have no waves and make the river flow safely." This poem begins with "Yuanxiang", which is not only an impromptu scene, but also a metaphor: What is the Xiangjiang River in Shui Yuan? Like a thousand-year resentment against Qu Zi. How to describe the poet's bitterness? It's like deep water in a faraway country. The "endless" in the previous sentence indicates the length of resentment, and the "deep" in the latter sentence indicates the depth of resentment. Both sentences are written by the word "resentment", and the image is clear and profound, intricate and graceful. Li Ying's "A Brief Record of Poetry Changes" holds that "it is not a problem to recite the ancients and write about their gods. The first two sentences of this poem hang in the air and put pen to paper, directly writing that Qu Zi has been loyal and angry all his life, and the wonderful beginning has been called absolutely. " Quite insightful.
However, why should Qu Zi complain? Complain about what? What about the poet's own feelings and attitudes? The poem does not tell the whole story, but depicts a specific image to guide readers to think. The autumn wind rises on the river, the maple forest falls, and the scenery next to San Lv Temple remains the same. However, after Qu Zi sank into the river, where is he going to call back his ghost now? "The autumn wind is curling, and Dongting waves are under the leaves." "There are maple trees on the water in Zhanjiang, which are thousands of miles away and hurt the spring. The soul returns to the south of the Yangtze River! " This is a famous sentence in Qu Yuan's Nine Songs and Evocation. The poet recalled the past and touched the scene and turned it into the conclusion of the poem: "The autumn wind rises at dusk, and the trees are rustling." The season is late autumn, the time is dusk, and the scenery is maple forest. Coupled with the use of the word "Sasha Vujacic", I feel endless bitterness and infinite affection. This kind of writing is called "knot feelings with scenery" or "cut feelings with scenery" The picture is clear and thought-provoking, poetic and meaningful, but not obscure. Deep feelings are contained in the prescribed scenery description, which makes people feel that the scenery is in front of them and has endless aftertaste. Imagine that "resentment" has been pointed out earlier. If we express it directly here, instead of combining clarity and implication, it will be vivid in the air and understandable outside the text. How boring it will be! The conclusion of this poem has always been praised by poetry critics. "A Brief Record of Poetry Changes" praises: "Three or four sentences, but write the scene in front of you without comment. Gree is particularly high. Anyone who sings about the past and writes about the situation must be similar to others, so that he can get inspiration from God, otherwise he will be broad. " Zhong Xing's "The Return of Tang Poetry" said: "This poem is San Lv, so it is unpredictable." Shi Buhua commented on the poem "On Servants": "Without heart, there is sadness outside, which is the best of the five." They are all convinced that its meaning is beyond the image, implicit and eternal.
Poetry is the art of imagery, and it is also the most suggestive and inspiring art. It is clear but not hidden, and it has become a shallow water with a bottom at a glance. Implicit and unclear, implicit has become a puzzling gobbledygook. Dai Shulun's San Lv Temple has both advantages. The clear scene meets people, implicitly arouses the reader's imagination and flies away.
The beauty of this poem lies not in writing a common thought and emotion, but in writing the unique process of this thought and emotion, thus conveying a special interest in life and enduring for a long time.