The description of scenery can start from the front and directly describe the characteristics of the scenery, making people clear at a glance; You can also start with the side scenery related to it instead of the front scenery, so as to reveal the characteristics of the thing and provide readers with rich imagination space. The combination of the two methods can make the characteristics of the scenery more vivid and prominent.
For example, in Bai Juyi's Yang Liuzhi Ci, "A tree has thousands of branches, which are tender than gold and softer than silk. In the wild garden in the west corner of Yongfeng, who belongs to all day? " The first and second sentences describe the beautiful form of willow in spring by using the method of positive description.
Wang Changling's "Going to the Army" "The desert is dusty, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought in Taohe River in the night, and it has been reported that it has been captured alive. "The second sentence describes the situation in profile, and writes about the tragic war by writing that the wind is very strong and the red flag is rolled up to facilitate the urgent March.
Another example is Liu Yuxi's "Stone City", "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness. The poem entitled "Stone Town" is obviously about "Stone Town", but the poem begins with the scenery around the stone town-mountains, tides and the moon-and describes the decline and desolation of the "old country" of the stone town.
Second, the combination of motion and stillness
In China's ancient poems, poets paid special attention to dynamic description in order to create artistic conception, and the combination of motion and stillness was a commonly used method of scenery description. In the application of this technique, poets are often ingenious, "each word is written" and "the realm is all out". For example, the selection of "push" and "knock" in Jia Dao's "Living in a secluded place with Li Ning", and the adjective "green" in Wang Anshi's "Boating in Guazhou" used as the causative verb are all examples of dynamic description, and many articles have been made on the use of verbs. However, as a combination of dynamic and static scenery, it often describes dynamic and static in a kind of artistic conception, and often focuses on static, and forms a harmonious unity of artistic conception and image in a way that dynamic sets off static. Therefore, the combination of static and dynamic scenery writing techniques is often inseparable from setting off.
for example, Wang Wei's an autumn evening in the mountains, after rain the empty mountain, stands autumnal in the evening. The bright moon sprinkled the clear light from the gap, clearing the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is loud and clear, the laundry girl comes back, the lotus leaf jiggle want to go up and down the canoe. And what does it matter that springtime has gone, while you are here, O Prince of Friends? ",the poet Wang Wei deserves to be an expert in describing landscapes, and the combination of dynamic and static is one of his main techniques of landscape description. In the scenery described by the poet, there is movement in the stillness, which sets the stillness against the stillness, and the combination of movement and stillness constitutes a moving artistic conception. The second couplet, "moonlight in its groves of pine," is a static scene, but what you see, and it is written that the moonlight spreads all over the earth through pine branches; And "stones of crystal in its brooks" is a moving scene, a smell, a combination of motion and static, which constitutes a beautiful and lovely landscape painting. The third link is that the poet uses "bamboo noise" to set off the tranquility of the mountains, which is what he hears, and "lotus movement" to set off the quietness of the water, which is what he sees, what he sees and what he hears is intertwined, and "noise" and "quietness" are mutually contrasted, which is quite artistic.
Third, the combination of sound and color
Scenery writing in ancient poems often involves sound and color, which is the poet's use of senses to write scenes from multiple angles, making readers feel at home and receiving high artistic effects.
For example, in Du Fu's quatrains, "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets rise to the sky. The window contains the autumn snow in Xiling, and the ship in Dongwu Wan Li is moored at the door. "The first part is a set of antithetical sentences. There are many willows around the thatched cottage, and there are a pair of orioles singing on the new green willow branches, which are a happy scene and colorful, forming a fresh and beautiful artistic conception. "Cui" is new green, "Cui Liu" is early spring phenology, and willow branches have just sprouted. "Two orioles sing green willows", birds in pairs, showing a vitality and a festive meaning. The egrets in the blue sky are flying freely. This long-legged bird flies gracefully and naturally. Wan Li is a clear sky, and the egrets are extremely bright in color against the "blue sky". In the two sentences, four bright colors of "yellow", "emerald", "white" and "cyan" are used in succession to weave a beautiful picture; The first sentence also has a description of sound, which conveys extremely cheerful feelings
IV. Combination of virtual and real
Virtual and real are two great concepts, specifically, intangible and tangible, abstract and concrete, and imagination, memory and reality. For example, "sorrow" is illusory, because it is intangible and abstract, while "a spring river", "a boat", "spring grass" and "Yang Liuan breeze waning moon" are real. Ancient poetry often expresses some feelings with concrete and sensible things, or entrusts some feelings with imagination or help. Students should pay attention to what is real and what is empty in the poem when appreciating it. And whether the poet intends to show reality or emptiness. Only by understanding these points can we accurately grasp their relationship. The real scene is the realistic and objective scenery described by the poet, while the virtual scene is the scenery made by the poet through association or imagination. The combination of reality and reality can better express a kind of overflowing emotion.
For example, Gao Shi's "Listen to the flute on the fortress", "When the snow is clear and the horse is grazing in the Hu-day, the Qiang flute will guard the building in the moonlight. Excuse me, where the plum blossoms fall, and the wind blows all over Tianshan Mountain overnight. "One or two sentences in the poem actually describe the scenery. The content described is that the snow and ice melt and the season of herding horses has arrived. In the evening, the soldiers rushed back with the horses, and the sky shed the brightness of the bright moon. In such a vast and clear night scene, I don't know which garrison building plays the Qiang flute, which is the familiar tune of Plum Blossom Fall! In three or four sentences, the "Plum Blossom Fall" was dismantled, as if the wind was not blowing the flute, but the flower pieces of the fallen plum, which were scattered everywhere, and the color and fragrance were scattered all over Tianshan Mountain overnight. This poem expresses the soldiers' deep homesickness by listening to music and thinking of plum blossoms in their hometown (there are no plum blossoms in Alakazam), and thinking of the fall of plum blossoms.
five, the combination of point and surface
everything is interrelated, not isolated, and the scenery described is the same. They are always inextricably linked with the surrounding scenery. Therefore, when poets write landscapes, they don't write the subject in isolation, but also the related objects around the subject, combining point and surface to make the subject image fuller and more distinctive.
such as Jiang Xue by Liu Zongyuan, a hundred mountains and no bird, a thousand paths without a footprint. A little boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow "in the use of the combination of point and surface. "Dai Li Weng" is relatively small in the picture, but it is in a very conspicuous position, which is the center of the poem, and "a little boat, a bamboo cloak" belongs to the description of points; The first two sentences "a hundred mountains and no bird, a thousand paths without a footprint" belong to the surface exposition, and the poems describe the bitter cold and loneliness of the characters' situation from "birds fly off" to "people disappear", and are crowned with the quantifier "thousand" and "ten thousand" before "mountain" and "path", which highlights the perseverance and outstanding character of the characters. It can be called point-surface combination. Point out one thing, including comprehensiveness
VI. Combination of far and near
Looking at the same scene, the observer is in different directions and angles. Looking down, looking up and looking far away, the visual image will show various shapes and changes. Describing from different angles will make readers have a more comprehensive understanding of the scenery described and get a more perfect feeling.
For example, in Tu Mu's "Mountain Walk", there are people in Bai Yunsheng. Stop and sit in the maple grove late, and the frost leaves are red in February. "The first two sentences describe the prospect of Qiushan. The first sentence describes the lofty scenery of the autumn mountains, and shows the poet's courage to climb. The second sentence describes a specific scene in the autumn mountain, and several families are faintly visible under the floating sky of white clouds. The last two sentences depict a close-up view of Akiyama. The phrase "Frost leaves are red in February flowers" is full of vitality, bright and dazzling, fresh and vigorous, and vivid, giving people a sense of beauty that Qiu Guang is better than spring.
VII. Sketch technique
Sketch, originally one of the traditional techniques of China painting, is roughly similar to sketch or sketch in western painting. Its characteristic is to outline the picture with concise ink lines, with freehand brushwork, no contrast and no color. This painting method is introduced into the creation of poetry, that is, without adjectives and modifiers, elaborate carving and layer-by-layer rendering, not to mention melodies or foil, but by grasping the object of description, using accurate and powerful brushstrokes, crisp and concise language, simple and plain words, and cleanly sketching out the shape, light and darkness (sound) of things to show the author's feelings about things.
For example, Wen Tingyun's "Morning Trip to Shangshan", "Start to levy priests in the morning, and the guests will grieve for their hometown. Chickens crow in Maodian Moon, and people walk in Banqiao Frost. Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post. Because of thinking about Duling Dream, the geese are full of returning to the pond. " The second couplet of two poems is a combination of six nouns (that is, six scenery) without any modifiers. It shows the hard work of going early. When the cock crows and the eyes are still alive, it is obvious that it is hard to walk early, braving the cold and frost on the road.