2. Zhou Peigong (A.D. 1632-171) was a figure in the history of China in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He was both civil and military, upright and brave, brilliant, conscientious in his duties, well versed in managing the world, and won the way of being a man. He was one of the important advisers around Kangxi. In the process of pacifying the rebellion of Chahar and Wu Sangui, he made great contributions and saved Qing from danger.
Shu Chenglong
3. Shu Chenglong (17-1771) was born in Renqiu, Hebei Province in the Qing Dynasty. At the age of 2, he works in Gongwangfu. In the ninth year of Yongzheng (1731), he worked in the Department of Farming and Field Affairs of the Ministry of Household Affairs, and later served as an alternate magistrate; First, I worked as an intern for three years in the driving department of the Ministry of War, and then I was assigned to Hubei as the local chief executive. He was first appointed as the magistrate of Gucheng County, and was promoted to Jingmen Prefecture in the eighth year of Qianlong (1743). When Shu Chenglong came to Jingmen, he first reformed the land tax decree, abolished the original book system of collecting land grain, printed the book "Yi Zhi You Dan" that should be paid, and distributed agricultural products, which was easy to understand and avoided being cheated and blackmailed by agricultural products. The establishment of township contracts and land insurance, praising good deeds, cracking down on rural tyrants and unruly people, and preaching township rules and regulations have gradually improved social atmosphere and customs. One year before Shu Chenglong took office, the Zhengjiatan River embankment in Jingmen section of the Han River was washed away by the flood, and all the upper and lower parts of Shayang section suffered disasters, making people miserable. As soon as Shu Chenglong arrived, he gathered the strength of the whole state to build and strengthen the Shayang official dike, and added a small river and lake moon dike, ten rocky cliffs and two drainage gates. In addition, the old embankment of Baihe Temple and the civil embankment of Qingzhong Village will be consolidated and repaired to improve the flood control ability. Zheng Jiatan burst and flooded more than 7 hectares of private land. Shu Chenglong asked the court to exempt the tax on flooded land forever, with 319 taels of silver and 156 taels of rice per year to relieve the people's difficulties. When Shu Chenglong took office, he found that there was no complete state chronicle in Jingmen, and immediately organized personnel to compile the state chronicle of Jingmen for future generations to refer to. Shu Chenglong's governance of Jingmen Prefecture coincided with the prosperity of health and dry, the country was peaceful, agriculture was abundant, materials were abundant, and the people lived and worked in peace. He seized the favorable opportunity to set up public welfare undertakings. First of all, Longquan Academy will be built, and the State Department, Jingmen Post Station, Lu Fuzi Temple, Nanmen Wenyun Bridge, Ximen Lailong Bridge and Hougang Juxian Bridge will be rebuilt. Also set up a nursery and a nursing home, and set up a life-saving ferry at Shayang Wharf; The maintenance of Jingmen City Wall, the repair of the Town God Temple, the construction of the country altar, the first agricultural altar, and the reconstruction of the Confucius Temple School Palace have won the support of the masses. Shu Chenglong is busy for this, and there is no free day. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (175), due to Shu Chenglong's outstanding achievements in governing Jingmen Prefecture, Emperor Qianlong summoned him twice and was promoted to Yuefu Tongzhi in Guangxiping. Jingmen people jointly submitted a request to stay in office; In addition, the compilation of the Records of Jingmen Prefecture was unsuccessful, and the court cabinet agreed that Shu Chenglong would only hang the title of Tongzhi in the official department and continue to stay in Jingmen Prefecture to manage affairs. Shu Chenglong also focused on enlightening people's wisdom. He believes that officials are loyal to the country and people are filial to their parents, which is the "way of heaven and man." In order to carry forward the sages, respect the talents and cultivate talents, he took the lead in building Laolai Mountain Villa and Filial Piety Pavilion in the west of Jingmen City, in memory of Laolaizi, one of the founders of the famous Taoism and the leader of the twenty-four filial piety. Expand Lu Wen 'an's public shrine and lecture platform to commemorate Lu Jiuyuan, a philosopher, educator and Jingmen Zhijun in the Southern Song Dynasty; Select the rural sages, and worship the famous Confucians of past dynasties, such as "Three Suns" and "Two Zhu" in Jingmen, and Sun Shuao, the famous figure of Chu State. He successively built Longquan, Hanshang and Neifang academies in Jingmen Prefecture, Shayang Town and Maliangshan, and sent outstanding children to attend classes. Jingyuan and Fangtang were built on the east side of Longquan Academy, and the water from Longquan, Mengquan and Huiquan crossed the zigzag bridge, study and lecture hall, and poured into the civilized lake, pavilions and pavilions by the lake, which was beautiful. In the twenty years of Qianlong (1755), the official department promoted him to be the magistrate of Hengzhou, Hunan. When leaving Jing for his post, Jingmen sergeants arranged a farewell ceremony with incense tables along the way, and the official sedan chair stopped and stopped, and it took three days to leave Jingmen's boundary among the people who were unwilling to agree. Jingmen people set up a memorial ancestral hall to commemorate this Dade state shepherd.
4. Lao Laizi (about 599 BC-about 479 BC) was a famous thinker in the late Spring and Autumn Period and one of the founders of Taoism. Chu people were born in the period of King Kang and died in the period of King Hui. Write books, teach disciples, and promote Taoist thought. There are 16 pieces of Lao Laizi (15 pieces at a time), which died in the Han and Wei Dynasties. There are a few comments in Zishu, Warring States Policy and other books, from which we can control his life and ideas. In the west of Jingmen City, there is a secluded place-Laolai Mountain Villa, which is said to be the secluded place of Lao Laizi, a famous Chu scholar in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the sixth year of Lu Aigong (489 BC), Confucius was trapped by Chen and Cai, and King Zhao of Chu welcomed Confucius to Chu. Confucius went out and met his disciples. Disciple came home and told Lao Laizi: "Someone is there, who is going up and down, showing his back and ears, and treating him as if he were traveling all over the world. I don't know whose son." Lao Laizi said, "It's Qiu Ye. I've been called." When Confucius met, he asked Lao Laizi how to assist the monarch. Lao Laizi instructed: "You are sad about the suffering of the world, but you despise the harm your actions have brought to generations of children. Is this ignorance or failure to achieve your goal?" Instead of praising Tang Yao and criticizing Xia Jie, it is better to die of Yao and Jie, and put away those praises and criticisms. On the contrary, nature will be damaged, and restlessness will lead to evil. Doing things with people calmly follows things, so they often succeed. What can you do? You think you are talented! " I want Confucius to change his attitude of aiming at managing the four seas and being conceited by virtue. At the same time, it also reveals the idea of abstaining from arrogance, indifferent to fame and fortune, loving and hating death and obeying nature. He also used the metaphor of "teeth and tongue" to teach Confucius the way of dealing with the monarch. These languages are mostly quoted by famous strategists from all over the world. His thought belongs to "the use of Taoism". Although he does not seek the way of governing the country, he still pays attention to the social content to some extent. Later, Zhuangzi, a Taoist, said, "The Law of Crowding People to the South". It expands and develops Lao Laizi's product elimination and inaction. Lao Laizi doesn't want to be "ruled by officials and controlled by people" and live in seclusion in the mountains. In the fifty years of King Hui of Chu (479 years before the reign of Duke Wu), there was a "Bai Gong Sheng Rebellion", and then Chen Guonan invaded. In order to avoid the troubled times, he moved to Hubei from Henan and lived in seclusion in the northeast of Mengshan (now renamed Xiangshan) in Jingmen (later called Laolai Mountain Villa, the site is in the courtyard of Jingmen Water Supply Company, and there are filial piety and Shunjing sites). King Hui of Chu drove himself to welcome Lao Laizi to Yingdu as an official position to assist the national government. He refused to say, "A man who is a servant of the wild mountains is not enough to keep the government." In order to prevent King Hui of Chu from hiring again, he abandoned the thatched cottage, crossed the Yangtze River, and lived in the south of Jiangling, leading a secluded life of "birds and animals can shed their feathers and clothes, and according to their remains, they can eat enough". Lao Laizi lived in the Spring and Autumn Period, where dramatic changes took place in society. Because he couldn't get used to the competition for fame and fortune and the merger of princes in the world, he lived in seclusion at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain in Jingmen, cultivated land and supported his parents. Lao Laizi not only pursues spiritual pleasure, but also is a simple and carefree mountain village Ye Fu, and he is also a famous dutiful son in the history of China. There is a picture of Lao Lai entertaining his relatives in the Twenty-four Filial Piety Picture circulated among the people in our country. It tells that when Lao Laizi was 7 years old, in order to relieve the loneliness of his elderly parents, he wore children's colorful clothes and caps, fiddled with a small rattle in his hand, and danced and laughed in front of his parents. He also played with chickens and ducklings and made a lively appearance of innocence. Later generations used "Lao Lai Yi" as a metaphor for filial piety to the elderly. Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem: "When worshipping Jiaqing in the Ming Dynasty, you must wear old clothes."
5. Nie Gannu (A.D. 193-1986), a native of Chengguan, jingshan county, was a famous versatile writer, journalist, essayist, classical literature research scholar and poet of the older generation in modern China. Nie Gannu worked as a teacher and newspaper editor in Malaysia and Myanmar in his early years. In the early 193s, he wrote many novels, poems and plays. In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's time, he was especially famous for writing essays. Because of his solid literary foundation, his prose style resembles that of Lu Xun, which is praised by the literary world. At the beginning of liberation, he made contributions to the study of "Three Red and Golden Rivers" and other classical literary masterpieces. There are poems "Poems of San Yisheng" and novels "Tianrang" and "Jicrossbow Novels". In 1923, when I was an editor of Chueh Min Daily and Myanmar Morning Post in Yangon, Myanmar, I read New Youth published in Beijing during the May 4th Movement, which was deeply influenced. In 1924, he was admitted to the second phase of Guangzhou Central Army Military Academy (Whampoa Military Academy) and participated in the first eastward expedition of national cooperation. In the mid-192s, he went to the Soviet Union, entered Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and returned to China in 1927. Joined the League of Chinese Left-wing Writers in Shanghai after the September 18th Incident in 1931. In the mid-193s, he successively edited the supplement Trend of China Daily and the magazine Haiyan. At this time, he attracted readers' attention with short, pithy, sharp and provocative essays. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Nie Gannu and Xia Yan, Song Yunbin, Meng Chao and Qin seemed to edit the essay publication Weeds in Guilin. Shortly after the "Southern Anhui Incident", he published "Han Kang's Drugstore" in "Weeds", which reflected ridicule from humor and hit back at the counter-current caused by the Kuomintang, causing strong repercussions among readers. Essays "Mysteries of History" and "Snakes and Towers" were all published as "Weeds Series". The former talks about social phenomena, while the latter talks about women's issues. Later, based on the two, it was compiled and published as "Two Crow Essays". During the War of Liberation, his prose collection "Pondering" and his essay collection "Blood Book" were published. Pondering shows a broad social life through the description of characters; The Book of Blood is a criticism of the dark reality, and it warmly praises the land reform document published by the CPC Central Committee in China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Nie Gannu still used essays as a weapon to criticize all kinds of strange situations and opinions and publicize the superiority of the new China socialist system. In his essay writing, Nie Gannu intends to learn from Lu Xun's brushwork, but he also forms his own style: his writing is unrestrained, his pen is smooth, he repeatedly refutes difficulties, and he is incisive and witty in his eloquence. Most of his works have been included in Selected Essays of Nie Gannu (1955), Essays of Nie Gannu (1981) and Prose of Nie Gannu (1981). Nie Gannu has been the director of Chinese Writers Association, the chief editor of Wen Wei Po and the deputy editor-in-chief of People's Literature Publishing House.
6. Lu Jiuyuan (A.D. 1139-1193) was named as Mr. Xiangshan, and the people in Jingmen called him Lu Fuzi. Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Qingtianli, Yanfu Township, Jinxi County, Fuzhou, Jiangnan West Road (now Jinxi County, Fuzhou District, Jiangxi Province). Guangzong Shaoxi died in December (January, 1193) of the third year in Jinghu North Road (now Jingmen City, Hubei Province). A famous philosopher and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, he is as famous as Zhu Xi and is called "Zhu and Lu". Master Lu was confused at the age of five. He was smart and thoughtful since he was a child. When I was three or four years old, I asked my father "Where is heaven and earth?" This is a profound philosophical question. Seven or eight years old, "behave differently, and everyone respects you." When he read ancient books, he saw the word "universe", and others explained: "The universe is everywhere; Go to the ancient times and the present. " He suddenly realized: "what is in the universe is an internal matter;" It is a matter of the universe to divide the internal affairs. " At the age of twenty-four, he took part in the rural examination, ranking fourth in high school, and his father Lu He died of illness on October 27th, 28. At the age of thirty-three, after having obtained the provincial examination again, I can learn from it and get a solution. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xiaozong Trunk Road was eight years old (AD 1172). At the age of 34, I tried the Nangong in the spring. In summer and May, the court was right, and he was given the same background as a scholar. Guangzong Shaoxi two years (AD 1191), fifty-three years old, got the purpose of Jingmen. Autumn set sail on July 4th and went to Er Quan (Jingmen Army) on September 3rd. After Lu Jiuyuan traveled all the way from Jiangxi to Jingmen to take office, he presided over the construction of Jingmen City and excavated the moat canal just as the nomads from the south invaded the territory. He also drastically reformed the tax malpractice and unreasonable system of Jingmen Army and the old customs of officialdom, and attached importance to the whole army to practice martial arts. The tax card in Jingmen was abolished, and taxes were reduced or exempted. For a time, merchants in Jingmen gathered, taxes were increasing, civil lawsuits were dying, and thieves were disappearing. Lu Jiuyuan was honest and clean, and enforced the law impartially. Someone complained, and he met and accepted it in person, regardless of the morning or evening. Mediation is the main way to solve cases. If the content of the complaint involves privacy, violates human relations and is immoral, persuade the complainant to withdraw the appeal automatically in order to maintain the integrity of social morality. Only those with serious crimes, bad circumstances and repeated persuasion will be punished according to the law. Therefore, there are fewer and fewer civil lawsuits. In the second year of taking office, there are only two or three lawsuits every month. The glory of Lu Jiuyuan's life lies in establishing a school and engaging in preaching and teaching activities, and thousands of students have been educated by him. Taking "mind is reason" as the core, he founded "mind study", emphasized "self-mastery" and preached the dynamic role of spirit. His theory is unique, and it is against the authentic Neo-Confucianism represented by Zhu Xi at that time. In April 1145, he met with Zhu Xi at the Ehu Temple in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, to discuss the way and attitude of studying. Zhu Xi holds an objective idealistic view and advocates enlightening inner knowledge through extensive reading and observation of external things; Lu Jiuyuan holds a subjective idealistic view, and thinks that we should "invent the original mind first and then make it known". The so-called "mind is reason" does not need to spend too much effort on reading and learning. Debate on both sides' poems. Lu accused Zhu of being "fragmented" and Zhu ridiculed Lu's "Zen", and the academic opinions of the two factions were still at loggerheads. This is what historians call "the meeting of the Goose Lake" and "the great debate of the Goose Lake". Lu Jiuyuan's thought, enriched and developed by later generations, has become the main philosophical trend of thought since the Ming and Qing Dynasties and has always influenced the ideological circles in modern China. Famous scholars Guo Moruo and Ma Yifu all think that they are deeply influenced by Lu Jiuyuan's thought. Lu Jiuyuan built a pavilion on the east slope of Xiangshan to preach Neo-Confucianism, and the audience was often as many as hundreds. Jingmen's previously closed folk customs and humble customs have changed significantly. The competent departments at all levels listed Lu Jiuyuan's achievements in Jingmen and reported them to the court. Zhou Bida, the prime minister of Yi Guogong and Zuo, once stressed that Jingmen Army has achieved outstanding results in governance and can be used as an example for local governors to "practice". At the beginning of 1193, Lu Jiuyuan died of illness in Jingmen. At the time of his coffin, officials and people cried and paid homage, and the streets were filled with mourners. At the time of the funeral, there were thousands of people in undertaker. After his death, he was named "Wen 'an". In memory of Lu Jiuyuan, later generations renamed Jingmen Mengshan Xiangshan, and built Lu Wen 'an Gong Temple (commonly known as Lu Fuzi Temple and Ancestral Hall of Lu Xiufu) at the Xiangshan Academy site where Lu Jiuyuan gave lectures at the east foot of Xiangshan in the west of Jingmen City.
7. Sun Shuao (about 63 BC-593 BC) was born in the period of Chu (now Huaibin, Henan). Politicians, militarists and water conservancy workers at that time.