spring scenery
Don du fu
Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers still exist.
Trees and grass turn green again in spring.
Petals shed like tears,
Lonely birds sang their sorrows.
After three months of fighting,
Letters from home are priceless.
I stroke my white hair. It became too thin,
I can't hold the hairpin anymore.
Precautions:
Country: The national capital, namely Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi).
Broken: broken.
Deep: lush; Dense.
City: refers to Chang 'an City, which was occupied by rebels at that time.
Sense of time: a sentimental situation.
Hate to leave: sadness, regret to leave.
Surprise: Call the police.
Beacon: a fire lit on a high platform in the ancient frontier for alarm. This refers to war.
Three months in a row: several months in a row.
Reach ten thousand gold: a letter from home can be worth ten thousand gold, which is extremely rare. Arrival: value.
I stroke my white hair. It grows too thin: its white hair is getting less and less. Whitehead: white hair. Grab: grab, grab.
Short: less.
Can't hold the hairpin any more: Bang, pronounced [zān]. It's almost impossible to insert a hair clasp. Xiongnu: Very simple. Desire: to be; I will. No: no way. Victory: I can bear it. Hairpin: a kind of jewelry for tying hair. In ancient times, men tied their hair, so they used hair clips.
Make an appreciative comment
The whole article revolves around the word "Wang", and the first four sentences are lyrical by taking advantage of the scenery. People write that Chang 'an City is overgrown with vegetation and sparsely populated to set off the ruin of the country. The first song "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers live forever" is shocking and has a sense of historical vicissitudes. Wrote the sad scene of the country destroying the city. The phrase "Where the petals have fallen like tears, and the lonely bird has sang mourning" personifies the flowers and birds, feeling that the country is divided and the national affairs are difficult, and the flowers and birds in Chang 'an are all shocked by tears. Write about spring with flowers and birds, hurt things, and express the sadness of national subjugation and parting with personification. Reflect the poet's patriotic feelings. The poet's cross-conversion of feelings and scenery implicitly conveys the poet's sigh, anxiety and anger from climbing to farsightedness, from far and near, from weak to strong. The country is in turmoil, the war has been going on for years, the people are in poverty, and Le Shu is impassable. At this time, it is particularly valuable to receive a letter from home. The poet reflects from the side the great pain brought by the war to the people, and the urgent mood of people wanting to know whether their loved ones are safe during the turbulent period. At the same time, it also shows the poet's deep concern for the country through hard-won letters from home. In the last two sentences, the poet's increasingly sparse white hair can't even be inserted into the hair clasp, and the poet's anxiety and indignation are deeply and widely expressed by action. The whole poem is mixed with scenes, but it is implicit and concise, which fully embodies the artistic style of the poet's "depression and frustration"
The whole poem expresses the poet's feelings of worrying about the country, hurting his time, homesickness, self-pity and missing his loved ones.
The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural, which embodies the poet's feelings of loving the motherland and caring for his family. Modern people such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not smooth, the feelings are strong but not floating, the things are rich but not miscellaneous, and the meter is rigorous but not rigid." This theory is quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
In June of the first year of Germany (756), the Anshi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, Tang Dou. In July, Du Fu heard the news of Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, and made his home in Qiang Village, Fū State, and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. He was not imprisoned because of his humble position. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year. The poet witnessed Chang 'an's flute falling and homesickness in adversity, and he couldn't help feeling deeply.
One, two, four sentences in the poem, writing about the defeat of Spring City, are full of sighs; Three, four, two and four sentences are full of feelings about their loved ones. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers are still there, there are grass everywhere and the trees are gray. A word "broken" makes people stunned, and another word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said: "The mountains and rivers are all there, and there is nothing in the Ming Dynasty." : the vegetation is deep and no one is there. "("Wen Gong Xu Shi ") The poet here clearly wrote about scenery, but in fact he expressed his feelings. He entrusted his feelings to things and scenery, creating an atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is ingenious, mature, natural and poetic. "The destruction of the country" is opposite to "the spring of the city". The ruins of "National Destruction and Death" are in sharp contrast with the wealthy businessmen in "Spring in the City". "The country is broken" followed by "there are mountains and rivers", which means the opposite and is unexpected; "Spring in the City" was originally a beautiful scenery, but the suffix "deeply planted" is ridiculous and contradictory, one after another. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng spoke highly of this couplet, saying that "duality is not implicit, but it changes vertically and horizontally, making it more stereotyped, more implicit and deeper, and taking justice from nature." ("Tang Yin Gui Qian" Volume 9)
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." The general explanation of these two sentences is: the sad scene of flowers crying and birds leaving in troubled times. The author touched the scene, empathized with it, and saw the richness of good poetry. Using intertextuality, it can be translated as "when I feel it, I hate tears, but I feel that lonely birds sing their grief."
The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". The poet looks from near to far, from far to near, and his vision ranges from mountains and rivers to cities, and then from cities to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." From the Anshi Rebellion, "the war was fierce and the countryside was broken", and the war continues until the end of March and spring. How I look forward to hearing from my relatives at home. At this moment, a letter from home is really better than "tiger balm"! "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" wrote the long-awaited urgency of news isolation. This is the idea in everyone's mind, which naturally makes people * * * sound, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been told through the ages.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic image in the distance, and I look at the scene of decline in front of me. I don't feel bored and hesitant, but my hair is sparse and short. "White hair" is caused by worry, "scratching" is an action to relieve worry, and "shorter" indicates the degree of worry. In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness.
This poem reflects the poet's good feelings of patriotism and love for his family. The meaning is full but not straight, the scenery is full but not free, the emotion is strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and it is written by the five methods of ascending and descending, so it has been circulated for more than 1,200 years.
The antithesis in the poem "Hope in Spring" is: petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
The poet is only 45 years old this year, but Whitehead is realistic-half a year later, he mentioned again in the Northern Expedition: "I fell into the dust and returned to China." The old state of "bald" and sparse to the point of "invincible" can be imagined. He is getting old so fast, which is entirely caused by worrying about the country and the people, hurting time and homesickness.
Du Fu was trapped in a thief for eight months and wrote about twenty poems, which were profound and implicit. At the most important time of this poem, every sentence has a meaning and is worth tasting.
Appreciation of Poetry Titles
Wang Chun's Hope expresses his nostalgia for his family (after three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold); Despair and anxiety about the future of the country (although a country is divided, mountains and rivers remain forever, trees and grasslands are blooming in spring); Lamenting his old age in Lian Po (I stroked my white hair. It has become too thin to accommodate the hairpin)
Vernacular translation
Autumn in Beijing is just like mountains and rivers, and the urban areas are overgrown with weeds in spring.
I am worried and sad, but I will cry when I see the flowers bloom. It pains me to leave my family.
The war has not stopped in March, and the letters from home are precious and can be worth thousands of dollars.
I only scratch my head when I am depressed and upset, so that my white hair is sparse and I can't insert it.
Creation background
This poem was written in March of the second year of Su Zong's visit to Germany (757). In June of the first year, the Anshi Rebellion invaded Chang 'an. "After three days, Dassault, all private wealth was plundered", and the city was set on fire, making the prosperous and magnificent Kyoto a ruin. In August of the first year, Du Fu placed his wife in Qiang Village, Zhangzhou, was captured on the way to Lingwu in the north, and was taken to Chang 'an after the fall. It's been over half a year. It was late spring, touching the scene and breaking my heart. I created the five laws that have been passed down for generations.
Brief introduction of the author
Du fu (7 12 ~ 770), with beautiful words, tried to call himself "Shaoling night old". Take Jinshi as an example. He used to be a foreign minister in the school department, so he was called Du Gongbu internationally. He is the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the "poet saint" after the Song Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the poor people. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". In art, he is good at using various forms of poetry, especially rhythmic poetry; Various styles, mainly depression; Refined language with high expressive force. There are more than 1400 poems, including Du Gongbu Collection.
Comment and analysis
In July (756), in the fifteenth year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the Anshi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, and Su Zong ascended the throne in Lingwu, changing Yuan to virtue. On his way to Lingwu, Du Fu was captured by the rebels to Chang 'an, and wrote this poem the following year (the second year of Zhide).
The poet witnessed Chang 'an's flute falling and homesickness in adversity, and he couldn't help feeling deeply. One or two couplets of poetry, writing about the defeat of Spring City, are full of sighs; Three or four couplets are about relatives, full of feelings of separation.