1, intertextuality: a special way of saving words, which makes poetry more concise. For example, "Qin Mingyue Hanxiu" (Wang Changling's Out of the Great Wall) is actually "Qin and Han Mingyue Hanxiu", that is, the ancient Mingyue Guxiu; Omitting the word "Qin" after the word "Qin" and the word "Qin" before the word "Han" not only makes the language concise, but also gives readers a sense of time and space. "Distant Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan Female" (19 ancient poems, Distant Altair) actually means "Distant Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan Female". "The male rabbit's feet are complicated and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred" ("Mulan Ci") actually means "the male rabbit's feet are complicated and the female rabbit's eyes are complicated and confusing", so it is difficult for two rabbits to tell which is the male and which is the female when they run on the ground.
2. Indirect lyricism: express emotions and reveal the heart by writing scenes, narrating and portraying characters' actions.
3. Lyricism by borrowing scenery: In ancient poetry, some scenes are endowed with certain humanistic symbolic meanings by poets, such as willows symbolizing parting, plum blossoms symbolizing nobility, the moon symbolizing reunion, and geese symbolizing tidings. Poets often express some feelings when describing these scenes.
4. Emotion in the scenery: that is, when the poet started writing, he had already established emotional activities in his heart, and implied emotions in the scenery he wrote, so that readers could feel and experience it.
5. Scenery created by emotion: The dreamland and dream in poetry are typical scenes created by emotion. If the scenery described by the poet is not at a certain time or place, nor when writing a poem, but the poet gathers them into a poem to describe it, it can be called "creating a landscape because of emotion"
6. The combination of reality and fiction is an important way to chant things.
7. Exaggeration: Exaggeration refers to exaggerating or reducing the original form, scale and degree of things to enhance the subjective emotional color of poetry. (Li Bai often exaggerates)
8. Symbol: Symbol refers to expressing similar thoughts and feelings through concrete images.
9. allusion: use allusions to express feelings and show your mind.
10, Contrast: Contrast is to make the two characteristics of contrast more distinct, such as the contrast between black and white, the contrast between life and death, the contrast between right and wrong, and the contrast between dynamic and static, and to emphasize and reveal a certain phenomenon and explain a certain truth through vivid contrast.
1 1, contrast: "The cicada forest is quieter and Tonamiyama is more secluded." Lin Jing is lined with cicadas, and birds are singing in the mountains. Contrast is not difficult to see, contrast is to write the other side with the opposite side, and to "sacrifice" the opposite side with the opposite side to highlight the other side, such as writing static with sports, writing sadness with joy, writing white with black and so on. Contrast has no such characteristics. There is no question of who serves whom, but both sides serve a certain goal.
12, positive contrast (contrast): It is the green leaves that set off the peony and the clouds that set off the bright moon. For example, in the necklace of Xiao Mei in the Mountain Garden, "Frost birds want to get a glimpse first, but butterflies know each other and die", and the forest cloth here is the love of the frost birds and butterflies for plum blossoms, which sets off his love for plum blossoms. The properties of the front lining and the back lining are the same, except that the foil of the front lining and the lining take the same "position", while the foil and the lining of the back lining take the opposite "position".
13, adaptation: The poem of poetry is changed from the poem of predecessors. For example, the sentence in Wang Shifu's "The Peony Pavilion and the Long Pavilion Farewell" is "But who among them cried the most? And this Jiujiang officer. "My blue sleeves are wet" in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip.
14, metonymy: a common skill. For example, "Qian Fan passed by the sinking boat, and Wan Muchun was before the sick tree" (Liu Yuxi's "Enjoy Lotte at the First Banquet in Yangzhou") "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the bones on the road freeze to death" (Du Fu's "From Beijing to Fengxian, chanting 500 words") "Jiujiang is so far away, I haven't heard music, strings or bamboo for a whole year." (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip) "Sail" replaces "boat"; "Zhumen" is the gate of vermilion, which refers to rich and powerful families; "Silk bamboo" and "silk" originally refer to stringed instruments such as lyre and harp, while "bamboo" refers to wind instruments such as flute and Xiao in this batch. The "silk bamboo" here refers to a piece of music.
Synaesthesia: a special metaphor. Synaesthesia is the communication of hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch. For example, "the ice spring is cold and the string is condensed, as if it can't pass; And Notes, Gone (Bai Juyi's Pipa) expresses the sadness and resentment of the piano with the touch of "the ice spring is cold and the strings are condensed". Another example is "The shadows are shallow, and the moonlight is faint and fragrant" (Lin Bu's "Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden"), which uses the visual "darkness" to write the "fragrance" on the smell, highlighting the lightness and fragrance of plums.