This lecture continues to talk about "sustenance". Let's take a look at poetry, calligraphy and painting.
Let’s first look at Mr. Ma Heng (1881-1955):
Masters have their own peace of mind, and my way of life lies in entertainment.
The first line of the first line "A great person has his own place of peace of mind" means that great people have their own interests and hobbies, and whenever they indulge in them, they will definitely feel at ease. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty loved calligraphy and painting and was the first-class artist in Chinese history; Emperor Tianqi of the Ming Dynasty loved carpentry and was the first-class carpenter in Chinese history; Mr. Dongpo, a man of eternity, had a wide range of interests. How extensive? Let’s take a look at Mr. Lin Yutang’s praise:
Distinctive personality is always a mystery. There is one Su Dongpo in the world, but there cannot be another. The definition of personality can only satisfy the expert who defines it. It is not difficult to select from the life and character of a versatile and colorful person a set of characteristics that readers will like. I can say that Su Dongpo:
is an optimist whose nature is hard to change,
is a compassionate moralist,
is a prose writer,
Is a new-school painter,
Is a great calligrapher,
Is an experimenter in brewing,
Is an engineer,
Is a fake The opponents of Taoism,
are practitioners of yoga,
are Buddhists,
are scholar-bureaucrats,
are the emperor’s Secretary,
is a habitual drinker,
is a compassionate-hearted judge,
is politically insistent,
is A walker under the moon,
is a poet,
is a person who is witty and loves to joke...
But this is not enough to tell all about Su Dongpo.
When Su Dongpo is mentioned, Chinese people always smile kindly and warmly. This conclusion may best express his characteristics. ?
The "Shuo Ren" here originally refers to the beauty with "a charming smile and beautiful eyes" in "The Book of Songs·Wei Feng·Shuo Ren". It can be extended here to refer to the "Awesome Person" ", "Exalt".
The second line of the second line, "My way of life lies in entertainment," means - I am often immersed in art, and art is my paradise.
The word "play" here is the same as the word "safe" in the previous couplet. "play" is a verb, and "play" means "playing in art", which means "freely roaming in the vast world of art".
Next, let’s look at Mr. Yu Shaosong (1883-1949):
Love in romance is always the same as before, and the beauty of the painting cannot be passed down.
The first line of the first line, "Love in romance is always as old as ever" is as clear as words, so I won't say more.
The second line, "The beauty of a painting cannot be conveyed," really touches the hearts of many people. Zhuangzi once said that there was a carpenter who was very good at making wheels, but he could not teach his son the secret of making wheels. The most sublime things in art are often "can only be understood but cannot be expressed".
Take the "painting" here as an example. General skills such as composition, modeling, and coloring can be taught, but it is necessary to draw a person's melancholy and hesitation through the eyes, and to draw a person's fear and tension through the back. , this can only be explored and understood by oneself. As the saying goes, "The master leads you in, and cultivation depends on the individual." This also means the same thing.
Let’s take a look at the first prize of Lu Runxiang (1841-1915):
He always regards his eyesight as the boundary and can write the sound of the stream into the painting.
This couplet "directly regards eyesight as the boundary and can write the sound of the stream into the picture" is similar to the idea just mentioned in the previous lecture "the knot belongs to Xiaohan, and the heart is in Qin Shu". The first couplet talks about Gao Yuan, the second line talks about reality.
? "Being able to write the sound of the stream into a painting" is really amazing - not only can the shape of water be painted, but also the sound of water can be painted. It is really "the wonderful thing about painting that cannot be conveyed".
Next, let’s look at Mr. Pan Feisheng (1858-1934):
The Buddha in Shiyin Island is thin because of work, but the imitation of Poe Immortal in calligraphy does not hinder fatness.
The first line of the first line "Poetry on the Island Buddha prefers work and thinness" means - the person I wrote poetry about was Jia Dao, and I specifically learned from his "thin" strength. Jia Dao once became a monk, so this place is called "Island Buddha". Dongpo once said that "the island is thin in the cold suburbs", and the "dao thin" here refers to the coldness and solitaryness of Jia Dao's poems.
Let’s take a look at two poems by Mr. Jia to understand what “island thin” means:
First: After the poem
Two sentences of three years Yes, I groaned and shed tears.
If a close friend is not rewarded, he will return to his hometown in autumn.
Second: Sushan Temple
All the buildings look cold, and the fine houses are divided here.
Meteors penetrate the sparse trees, and the moon moves retrograde through the clouds.
There are few people coming to the top, and there are no crowds of tall pines and cranes.
A monk was eighty years old and had never heard of worldly affairs.
The second line of the second line "Imitating Po Immortal in writing does not hinder fatness" means - I learned from Su Dongpo in writing, and I like his fat and peaceful style the most.
Su Dongpo was praised by later generations as the first of the four major calligraphers of the Northern Song Dynasty (Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, and Cai Xiang). His masterpiece "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" (see the picture below) was rated as "the most popular calligrapher in the world". The third line of writing". It's just that Mr. Dongpo's writing strokes are thicker and the ink has more lumps. He was once ridiculed as an "ink pig".
The picture below is "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" (part), which was rated as "the third running script in the world":
Next, look at a piece by Mr. Wo Ren (1804-1871) :
The past and the present are reflected, and the chest is all-encompassing;
The flowers and algae are blooming, and the writing is full of spring.
The first line of the first line "The ancients reflect the present, and the chest is all-encompassing", which means - I am omniscient and expert in everything, and all kinds of knowledge from ancient to modern times are stored in my belly.
The second line "摛chī 华枞shàn zao, the pen is full of three springs" means - when I write the article, my thoughts are like a spring, a weak pipe is comparable to the spring breeze in March, and the splendid beauty can be seen immediately with every drop of ink. . Among them, "摛" and "枞" both mean "stretch" and "extend".
Here the upper link talks about input and the lower link talks about output. This is really a big boast. Mr. Wo Ren, a serious Neo-Confucian gentleman, I wonder who he is flattering?
Let’s take a look at Mr. Zuo Zongtang (1823-1885):
Praise the current affairs of the world and narrate ancient and modern texts.
Mr. Zuo’s poem “Remembering the current affairs of the world and recounting the past and present” has no inscription, so I don’t know if he wrote it for his own pleasure. Although he is famous for his military exploits, he is still a scholar at heart. Use this to entertain yourself and become more romantic.
Next, let’s look at Mr. Dai Xi (1801-1860):
Smoke and water are good enough to provide vision, but the country can still help the poet.
Mr. Dai's scene, "The smoke and water are good enough to provide vision, and the country can still help the poet" has a lofty artistic conception and can be called a masterpiece.
Mr. Dai was a Jinshi, a member of the Imperial Academy, and a minister of the Ministry of War. He was proficient in poetry, calligraphy, and painting, and was especially famous for his paintings. "Yanshui" and "Jiangshan" are intertextual here, and they are all created by the teacher's imitation. After collecting all these things in my mind, whether it is painting or writing poetry, it is really like a dragon spreading rain, letting me do whatever I want.
Let’s take a look at Mr. Wang Wenzhi (1730-1802):
The quiet man sings his joy in the orchids and bamboos,
The great sage expresses his happiness with the spring breeze and flowing water. Free his mind.
This is a collection of couplets with Chinese characters in Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Preface" (this is the meaning of the "Jihu Tie" in the previous paragraph).
The first couplet "A quiet person expresses his happiness in chanting orchids and bamboos" means that people who love tranquility often express their happiness in chanting orchids and bamboos.
The second line of the second line, "The great sage uses the spring breeze and flowing water to open his mind." It means that a virtuous person can open his mind by swimming in the spring breeze and flowing water.
The first couplet talks about the noble conduct of Confucians, and the second couplet talks about the unrestrained cultivation of Taoists, which is somewhat intertextual.
Then let’s look at Mr. Zuo Zongtang (1812-1885):
The green mountains chant the thanksgiving, and the red candles write the Zhuang Sao.
Compared with the previous one, "Remembering the current affairs of the world and recounting ancient and modern texts," Mr. Zuo's one is more literary and artistic.
The first couplet "Qingshan Yin Bao Xie" means - during the day, the sky is clear and the air is clear, and the wind is gentle and gentle. Don't stay alone in a poor house and enjoy the beauty of yourself. You should be like Bao Zhao and Xie Lingyun, Embracing the nature of heaven and earth, chanting the green mountains and green waters;
The second couplet "The red candle writes about Zhuang Sao" means - at night, everything is quiet, the shadow of the candle flickers red, I often feel unable to control myself, and my thoughts are like a spring, always I thought about competing with Zhuang Zhou, Qu Yuan and other elders, and writing such magnificent works as "Zhuangzi" and "Li Sao".
The following is a picture of Mr. Yu Fei'an (1889-1959):
The original poem seeks simplicity and tranquility, and it is profound and elegant.
This line of "The original poem seeks simplicity and tranquility, and it is profound and elegant", which was a gift from Mr. Yu, and it is quite interesting. The second line of the second line is very general. For people who are talented in a certain area, it can be said that "the deepest people have their own talents."
Next, look at Mr. Qian Juntao (1907-1998):
The ruthless years are increasing but decreasing, and the poetry and books are bitter and then sweet.
This phrase "The ruthless years are increasing but decreasing, and the poems and books are bitter and then sweet", which is very consistent with the previously mentioned "If you don't do useless things, how can you spend your life with a limit". Human life originates from nothing and ends in nothing. Life can be said to be meaningful or meaningless. But no matter what, it's better to laugh than cry.
I always like to use business as a metaphor for life - if you are happy for a day, you will make a day; if you are depressed for a day, you will lose a day. So you have to do something about it and allow yourself to smile from time to time.
Finally, let’s look at Mr. Ye Gongchuo (1881-1968):
He exhaled his true energy in the big house and put the light into his poems.
The opening and closing of this couplet is quite interesting. The first line of the first line, "Open a large window to breathe out the true energy", is the opening, and a cavity of true energy spurts out, and submerges into the vast universe; the second line, "Packs up the light into the small poem," is the closing line, and the true energy of the cavity merges and exchanges with the heaven and earth and then comes back. , gathering the essence in mustard seeds, gathering the light in the hair, and hiding it in the poem.
These little poems have become the hiding place for countless literati throughout the ages. I casually opened "Jinjinjiu", "War Chariots" and "Red Cliff Nostalgia", and while chanting and singing, Li Bai, Du Fu and Su Dongpo from thousands of years ago were all resurrected with full energy and blood.
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