If a person didn’t have long-term depression and frustrations and experiences in his heart, I don’t know if there would be so many spiritual masters in the world. When your thinking and vision are beyond the world and you move forward bravely, it means that you have transcended the mortals and are ahead. Even without the cynicism of the people around you, you will inevitably face the suffering in your heart. This kind of emptiness and loneliness that no one can understand and no one can tell is... Few people understand it, and even if they do, few understand it for a long time. Nietzsche finally became a mental patient in the last few decades of his life. He lived forever in an advanced world and no longer had to sit and suffer and switch between superman and mortal. After all, this was a physical job that consumed a lot of energy. , from this perspective it seems that we should bless Nietzsche. If Nietzsche left something for future generations, it would be better to say that the core thing is an attitude and thinking left to future generations. When people outside the world did not think about the shortcomings of morality and religion, someone did; when people outside the world were still comparing When moral standards correct themselves, some people are already doubting and taking action; while people in the outside world are still struggling with the complexity, some people are already looking away with detachment. This is Superman, the true portrayal of Nietzsche. It is like a wind from a completely different direction, blowing into people's faces and into people's hearts, making people realize that there is such a kind of wind, and that the wind can still blow like this. This is a kind of deep thought, an enlightenment, and a sign. If we have to say that Nietzsche left any characteristic doctrine, it would be the Dionysian spirit and the will to power.
Dionysus originated from the legend of ancient Greece, and it is also imprinted with Nietzsche’s admiration and yearning for the Greek environment. Dionysus and his good wine can sublimate individual emotions to the extreme in that slightly tipsy state. In this state, even the most mechanical individual will not retain a stereotyped face. Reason and sensibility are balanced in a certain sense. Only in this state can people truly achieve the ideal balance. In the Dionysian spirit, the core of Nietzsche's admiration is the necessary qualities to be a superman: sensitivity, courage, balance, and optimism. These are his other interpretations and changes after being deeply influenced by Schopenhauer's pessimistic thoughts. Throughout Nietzsche's life, he taught in school, dropped out of school, wrote at his own expense, but received no response, and never married. Even from the current individual point of view, this is a portrayal of being unwilling to follow the world. So in this state of life Pessimism and loneliness must have filled Nietzsche's daily life, but he summed up the Dionysian spirit in adversity, which was an attempt at self-adjustment and a practice of self-worth. We cannot accurately judge how well Nietzsche did in practicing the Dionysian spirit, and whether he led himself out of difficulties and sublimated. However, judging from the starting point of his proposal of Dionysus and the elements he advocated, he found a way to pessimistic thinking. A good solution. From Schopenhauer to Nietzsche, we have seen the continuous changes in the thinking subjects and perspectives of philosophers. It can be said that the thinking ability and thinking process are becoming more and more reasonable. Schopenhauer established a pessimistic philosophy from the contradiction of infinite life and limited life. Nietzsche considered life and life separately. For individual life, everyone is mortal and limited. From the perspective of life, he advocated great development. From a natural point of view, individual natural attributes are infinite and are not affected by individual life. Schopenhauer derived his pessimism in attitude from the contradiction between different subjects, but Nietzsche formalized the objectivity of this contradiction and proposed With a completely different attitude from Schopenhauer, even if we are mortal, we can still live every day of our lives through our own efforts and enjoy the harmonious process of short-term phased development between individuals and nature. In fact, Nietzsche's concept is an essential improvement compared to Schopenhauer. Even if we observe it from today's environment, the relationship between the individual and the whole has always been a synergy of contradictions and development. The development of the whole cannot be separated from the progress of the individual. This kind of progress is so minimal. If an individual takes good care of himself, the whole will naturally be consolidated and promoted. The ultimate goal of each of us is not to live forever, but to interact with the outside world, the whole, nature, others, and others in our own time. There is a harmonious progress between ourselves, which is the simultaneous realization of personal value and overall value.
The sensitivity, courage, optimism, etc. that Nietzsche derived from the Dionysian spirit are a kind of definition and direction guide for individual cultivation. It seems simple, but it is still quite difficult to refine it to the individual. of. Most people do not have one of the Dionysian spirits. Even if they have the qualities, they cannot possess all of them. Some people are even sensitive, courageous and optimistic in the wrong areas. In other words, the Dionysian spirit is still a niche today, and it still has certain superhuman attributes compared to the Nietzsche era two hundred years ago. If the Dionysian spirit is a view of consciousness, then the will to power that Nietzsche then proposed is a methodology. The Dionysian spirit proposes that individuals should strive to become supermen, and the will to power is how to achieve this superman. Here Nietzsche also inherited Schopenhauer's theory of will, but what is different from Schopenhauer is that Nietzsche individualized, optimistic, and active this will. This will not only emphasizes individual consciousness, but also retains a kind of will. There is a collaborative will between the individual, the whole, and nature. In individual development, Nietzsche advocates a more positive attitude towards life. It comes down to the drive of personal will, which Nietzsche calls "will to power."
I personally think about the three core points of Nietzsche’s definition of will to power. The first is resistance, which is similar to the sensitivity, independence, and speculation he proposed in the Dionysian spirit.
Regarding what is the meaning of life, Nietzsche completely negated the moral and religious constraints established by previous societies for thousands of years. Nietzsche even bluntly pointed out that these invisible constraints are completely futile and meaningless from the perspective of the meaning of life. , it restricts the connection between the individual and the self, the individual and nature, and is the source of obliterating creativity. If you want to make the wonderful life of an individual person meaningful, you must shape yourself according to the standards of a superman. Anyone who wants to be a superman must endure the anxiety of leading society, and the first necessary quality for this ability to lead is resistance. force. Ji Xianlin and Li Ao both expressed concerns about personal lack of resistance in their works, and Mr. Li Ao even practiced it personally. On the cover of his last autobiography, he wrote the powerful words "If you want to admire someone, I will look in the mirror." What I want to say is that first of all, this sense of strength reflected in human nature has nothing to do with gender. It does not mean that men must shape this kind of strength, and women are synonymous with softness. Secondly, this sense of strength has nothing to do with external indicators such as fame, money, and power. It has nothing to do with it. Individuals who make a lot of money, have a high position, and have a good reputation do not have human qualities attached to them. This sense of human power is rooted in the cultivation of individual character. People who do not have deep thinking ability, do not cultivate themselves and themselves for a long time, and are troubled by many contradictions and constantly looking for a way out, will not produce this kind of power. . Resistance is an indispensable quality of human strength. In the final analysis, the more we see, understand, and think deeply, the gap between individual concepts and secular standards will become wider and deeper. . At this time, we can no longer agree with various secular guidance and concepts, and an anti-secular resistance will naturally burst out from the depths of human nature. This resistance is not a blind reversal or a cynicism, but comes from the character. The individual characteristics that naturally emerge from deep within, even if these characteristics seem inappropriate to outsiders, cannot be achieved through subconscious restraint. This sense of resistance symbolizes the hope of human progress, is the spark that can finally start a prairie fire, and is the beacon that constantly guides the whole forward. From this resistance, individuals need to cooperate with their sensitive hearts to keenly capture inspiration and use strong courage to overwhelm the enemy. The secular world is still moving forward, using dialectical methodology to constantly search for unknown solutions. It can be said that this kind of resistance is a concentrated expression of the individual's realization of the superego, and is inevitably accompanied by the process of revising, perfecting, and improving the self.
The second emphasis of the will to power is a kind of endurance. For Superman, because time does not exist in an interactive environment, the individual is destined to be lonely and unrecognized. How to go far and long on the road of superman requires everyone to continuously strengthen and support through strong will. For individuals, how to maintain sharpness, courage, and critical thinking is what every individual who wants to be a superman must face. In history, Zeng Guofan's daily diary was a self-examination, recording all the ugliness and shortcomings that happened to him that day, and analyzing and denounced them by looking back. This is also an effective way to awaken lasting motivation through self-strengthening. So as a superman, what is more important is not the need for subconscious persistence, but the need to integrate it into one's own spirit and soul. Some people start to transcend halfway but change their path due to various troubles and temptations. Some people do secular things in the name of transcendence. These are not true supermen and do not have strong will.
The third point of the will to power, and what I think is the deepest core, is a kind of balance. Even pure balance in the physical world is difficult to find and short-lived. The balance in the will to power is more of a spiritual balance. From Nietzsche's life experience, I vaguely feel that he has been constantly searching for balance and correcting imbalances throughout his life. When Schopenhauer's pessimistic philosophy gave him a new sense of compassion, he consciously reversed the tendency of human nature to continue to be compassionate. atmosphere, when people were bound by the concept of body suffering and transcendence in the afterlife exaggerated by religion, he keenly denied religion completely and pointed out it as the source of meaninglessness. When he established a deep friendship with Wagner, he found that he was bending to power. Then he instinctively drew a line to avoid being completely unbalanced. From this, I conclude that Nietzsche must have been reluctant, annoyed, and disappointed in his actions, but he was such a person who pursued spiritual purity. His emotions and heart could not tolerate a grain of sand. In the final analysis, he must be in the place that his heart recognized. In balance. However, this balance is so difficult to find and control. The most thorough thing an individual can do is to balance himself. This balance is a kind of great love, perhaps the realm of heaven and earth conceived by Mencius, without losing the individual From the starting point of view, perhaps this is what has accompanied Nietzsche throughout his life and continues to this day, and there are still many people struggling to pursue it.