Rabindranath Tagore (186 1 May 7th-194 1 August 7th) is an Indian poet, philosopher and Indian nationalist. 19/kloc-won Nobel Prize in Literature in 0/3, and was the first Asian to win Nobel Prize in Literature.
Tagore was born in Calcutta, India, a well-educated and wealthy family. His father is a local Hindu leader. In foreign countries, Tagore is generally regarded as a poet, but rarely regarded as a philosopher, but in India, the two are often the same. His poems contain profound religious and philosophical views. For Tagore, his poems are his gifts to God, and he himself is the pursuer of God. His poems enjoy an epic status in India. He himself is regarded as a saint by many Hindus.
Tagore's poems are used in the national anthems of India and Bangladesh. Owen and Ye Zhi were deeply moved by his poems. With Ye Zhi's encouragement, Tagore personally translated his Jitan Cangli (meaning "Hungry Stone") into English, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Literature of 19 13.
Tagore traveled many times, which made him understand many different cultures and the differences between them. His description of eastern and western cultures is by far the most delicate of its kind.
Rabindranath Tagore (1861~1941) is a famous Indian poet, writer, artist and social activist. 19 13 to obtain Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Calcutta, a family rich in philosophy, literature and art, 13 years old can write long poems and ode poems. 1878 went to study in Britain, 1880 returned to China, specializing in literary activities. 1884 to 19 1 1, secretary of the Vatican Institute, founded an international university in the 1920s. 194 1 year, he wrote his famous last words, Crisis of Civilization, accusing the British colonial rule and believing that the motherland would be liberated independently. Tagore is a writer with great world influence. He wrote more than 50 poems, and was called "Poet Saint". He wrote 12 novellas, 100 short stories, more than 20 plays and a large number of literary, philosophical and political works, and created 1500 paintings and countless songs. Literature, history, philosophy, art, politics, economy and other categories are almost all-encompassing. His works reflect the Indian people's strong desire to change their destiny under the oppression of imperialism and feudal caste system, and describe their indomitable struggle. They are full of distinctive patriotism and democratic spirit, rich in national style and characteristics, and have high artistic value, which is deeply loved by the people. His important poems include story poems (1900), Gitanjali (19 10), crescent moon (19 13) and birds (19655). Important novels include the short stories Paying off the Debt (189 1), Abandonment (1893), Suba (1893) and Life or Death? (1892), mahamoya (1892), the sun and dark clouds (1894), the novella Four Men (19 16) and the novel Sinking. Important essays of People's Red include DeathTrading (188 1), China Talk (1924) and Russian Letters (193 1). His works were introduced to China as early as 19 15, and now there are 10 volumes of Tagore's works published in Chinese.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Tagore suffered personal misfortune, and the grief and sadness of losing his wife, daughter and father were recorded in the poetry collections Memories, Children and Ferry. He also wrote two novels, Little Sand and Shipwreck. 19 10, the novel "Gora" was published, which reflected the complex phenomenon in Indian social life and shaped the image of a soldier who fought for national freedom and liberation. Praise the patriotic enthusiasm of new Hindus and their confidence in the freedom of the motherland, but also criticize their thoughts of maintaining the old tradition; The dogmatism and worship of foreign things and flattery of some people in Vatican society have also been whipped. During this period, he also created symbolic dramas "The King" and "Post Office" and satirical drama "Stubborn Fortress". 19 10, the Bengali poetry collection "Chittaglia" was published. Later, when Tagore lived in London, he translated some poems from "Chittaglia", "Ferry" and "Dedication" into English. In 19 13, the English version of "Chittaglia" was published, and Tagore became. He entered another creative climax, and published poems such as Garland of Songs, Ode, White Crane, Escape, novella Four People and Family and the World. In the 1920s, Tagore continued to write, publishing dramas such as Mokdotara and Red Oleander, novels such as Controversy, The Last Poetry and some poems. In 1930s, he published the novels Two Sisters, Garden and Four Chapters. Drama "Wheels of the Times" and "Kingdom of Cards"; Poetry "Once again", "Marginal Collection" and political lyric poem "Buddha's Ritual". 194 1 In April, he wrote his last words, the famous Crisis of Civilization, accusing the British colonial rule and expressing his firm belief in national independence.
2. Ideological development and artistic achievements
Tagore was born in an era of rapid change and was influenced by traditional Indian philosophy and western philosophy. But the most basic and core part of his world outlook is the traditional pantheism in India, that is, "the unity of Brahma and Me". In Colorful Collection, he first put forward the concept of "God of Life". His devotion to God is combined with his love for life, country and people. But it also casts a strong mysticism on his poems. In addition, he advocated the spiritual civilization of the East, but did not obliterate the material civilization of the West. All these make his thoughts full of contradictions, which are manifested in his creation. Throughout Tagore's life thought and creative development, it can be roughly divided into three stages: ① From childhood to around 19 10, he actively participated in anti-British political activities, praised national heroes, preached patriotism and advocated great national unity in India. ② He lived in seclusion to 19 19 and actively participated in the national movement again. His patriotic enthusiasm faded slightly, and his poems with strong political content were replaced by poems with mysterious meanings. These poems were also influenced by western symbolism and aestheticism and advocated love and harmony. ③ From the Amritsar tragedy in 19 19 until his death, he began to care about politics and actively participated in the national liberation struggle. His works are full of political passion, broad vision and great concern for the world and mankind. It can be said that Tagore's life's creation has both "Bodhisattva's compassion" and "King Kong's glare". Influenced by Indian classical literature, western poetry and Bangladeshi folk lyrics, most of his poems are rhymed and unabridged free poems and prose poems. Influenced by western novels, his novels are innovative, especially the combination of poetry and painting to form a unique style.
Luo 190 1 year, Tagore founded a school to transform society and engaged in children's education experiments. 19 12, this school has become an international university for cultural exchange in Asia. Due to the British separatist policy in Bangladesh, India set off the first climax of the national liberation movement in 1905. Tagore took an active part in this movement and wrote many patriotic poems. This period is the most brilliant period of his creation. He published eight poems in Bengali and eight poems in English, among which "Gitanjali" won the world reputation for the poet. Important poetry collections in this period include Gardeners Collection (19 13), Crescent Moon Collection (19 15) and Birds Collection (19 16). 19 10, Tagore published the epic novel Gora and the symbolic drama The King.
19 19, India launched the second national liberation movement. In order to seek the road of national liberation, he traveled all over five continents and delivered many famous speeches. The outstanding achievements in this period are political lyric poems, which are collected in Africa Collection (1937), Marginal Collection (1938), Birthday Collection (194 1) and other works.
In his artistic career of more than 60 years, he inherited the excellent traditions of classicism and folk literature, absorbed the rich nutrition of European romanticism and realism literature, achieved perfection in his creation, made brilliant achievements, and became a generation of cultural giants. 19 13, "because his poems are sensitive, fresh and beautiful; This poem was written with superb skills and expressed in English by himself, which made his poetic thoughts a part of western literature and won the Nobel Prize in Literature. The British government conferred a title on him.
194 1 April, this prodigy, the founder of modern Indian literature, wrote his last words, the crisis of civilization. On August 7th of the same year, Tagore died in his ancestral home in Kolkata.
India's famous poet, writer, artist and social activist was born in Calcutta, a family rich in philosophy, literature and art. At the age of 65,438+03, he was able to write long poems and anthologies in the form of ode. I studied literature and music in England, traveled around the world more than ten times, and talked with Roman? Roland, Einstein and many other world celebrities have many contacts and devoted their lives to the exchange and coordination between eastern and western civilizations. Tagore is famous as a poet, and he wrote more than 50 poems, such as Gitanjali, which is called "Poet Saint". He is also a famous novelist, playwright, composer and painter. He has completed 12 novels, more than 0/00 short stories, more than 20 plays, more than 500 paintings and more than 2,000 songs. Tagore was also a talented philosopher, educator and social activist. 19 13, Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his collection of poems "Gitanjali".
Tagore is the greatest writer, poet, novelist, dramatist, artist and musician in modern India. In 2003, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his collection of English prose poems "Gitanjali". I often think Tagore is like a star in the sky. There, fearless, head held high; There, knowledge is free; ..... Words spoken from the depths of truth; ..... there, the mind is guided by you, and moves towards the thoughts and behaviors that are constantly relaxed. "(Gitankari) This is Tagore, just like the morning star that guides us to the dawn.
Tagore's family background
Attachment: Family
Tagore's mother: Xia Leda Devi, with excellent qualities such as patience, is good at housework and makes others great, leaving only a trace of herself.
Big Brother: Devijon Delanat, a great scholar, poet, musician, philosopher and mathematician, whose long poem Sleepwalking is as beautiful as Spencer's fairy tale queen and is called the immortal work of Bangladesh. He created the Bengali shorthand style and introduced the piano to Bengali music for the first time. His unique and brave attempt in poetry creation left a deep impression on the spiritual development of Robin Delanat Tagore.
Second Brother: Brahma writer Sartre Indra Nath first introduced the pious poems in Marathi to Bangladeshi readers, and his influence on the development of Robin Delanath was profound, meticulous and eternal. His wife was the first person to break the traditional lifestyle of Indian women, and his daughter Indira? David is Robin Delanat? An authoritative critic of Tagore's music creation.
Third brother: Hamming Delanat, who died young, was the one who taught Robin Delanat to use his native language.
Fourth Brother: Bareng Delanat, a writer who died young, won an indelible position in Bangladeshi literature.
Brother Five: Jody Delanat, the most talented person of that era, a passionate musician, poet, playwright and artist, had an influence on Robin Delanat's rationality and poetic talent.
Elder sister: Sue Damigny, Robin Delanat's goalkeeper.
Fifth Sister: Svallner Living Goddess, a talented musician and writer, is the first Bangladeshi female novelist.
Other sisters: Hilong Mo Yi? Devi is famous as a social service provider.
Salera. Devi is a female writer, musician and an active participant in the national independence movement.
Tagore's famous sentence
Influenced by Indian classical literature, western poetry and Bangladeshi folk lyrics, Tagore's poems in his life are mostly rhymed and unabridged free poems and prose poems. Influenced by western novels, his novels are innovative, especially the combination of poetry and painting to form a unique style.
Famous sentence:
Once, we dreamed that everyone was a stranger. When we wake up, we know that we love each other.
Once we dreamed that we were strangers. We woke up and found that we were dear to each other.
My heart is a bird in the wilderness, and I found the sky in your eyes.
My heart, the bird of the wilderness, has found the sky in your eyes.
It is the tears of the earth that keep her smile in bloom.
It is the tears of the earth that keep her smile in bloom.
If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you will also miss the stars.
If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you also miss the stars.
You can't see yourself, all you see is your own shadow.
The waterfall sings, "I have a song when I am free."
You smiled slightly and said nothing to me. And I feel like I've been waiting for this for a long time.
Man can't express himself in his history, he tries to stand out in it.
Like the meeting of seagulls and waves, we meet and come near. The seagulls flew away, the waves rolled away and we parted.
Like the meeting of seagulls and waves, we meet and come near. The seagulls flew away, the waves rolled away, and we parted.
When we are very humble, we are closest to greatness.
Never be afraid of this moment-the eternal voice sings like this.
"Perfection" decorates itself beautifully for the love of "incompleteness".
Mistakes can't stand failure, but truth is not afraid of failure.
This lonely evening is shrouded in fog and rain, and I feel its sigh in my inner loneliness.
We read the world wrong and said it deceived us.
Humans build dikes for themselves.
Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves.
I remembered many other times floating on the stream of life, love and death, and these times were forgotten, so I felt the freedom to leave this world.
Just walk there, don't stay and pick flowers to save them, because the flowers will continue to bloom along the way.
Thoughts pass through my heart like a flock of wild ducks flying across the sky. I heard them flapping their wings.
"Who drives me forward like fate?" "That's me, striding behind my back."
Our desire lends the color of the rainbow to a life that is just a mist.
Stray birds of summer come to my window to sing and fly away. And yellow leaves of autumn, which have no songs, flutter and fall there with a sign.
It is the tears of the earth that keep the earth young.
The desert passionately pursues the love of green leaves, who shake their heads and fly away with a smile.
Dancing water! When the sands in your way beg for your song and movement, will you bear the burden of their lameness?
Sorrow is hushed into peace in my heart like the evening in the silent forest.
I can't choose the best, but the best chose me.
People who carry lanterns have shadows to cover the road ahead.
Rest belongs to work just as eyelids belong to eyes.
The waterfall sings, "When I am free, I have a song. 」
Stars are not afraid to appear, because they are like fireflies.
When we are extremely humble, we are almost great.
Sparrows are worried about peacocks because they have tails.
"Perfection" decorates itself more beautifully for the love of "incompleteness".
The waterfall sings, "Although a little water is enough for the thirsty, I am willing to give everything I have."
The woodcutter's axe asked the tree for its handle, and the tree gave it.
We read the world wrong and say it deceives us.
People who want to do good knock at the door; The lover saw that the door was open.
The scabbard protects the sharpness of the sword, but it is content with its own dullness.
The white clouds stood humbly on the horizon, and the morning light clothed them with magnificent brilliance.
Dust endures humiliation, but it returns with flowers.
When a rich man boasted that he was blessed by God, God felt ashamed.
It is not hammering that makes pebbles perfect, but the singing and dancing of water.
God's power is in the breeze, not in the storm.
You can't get the beauty of flowers by picking petals.
The big ones are not afraid to swim with the small ones, and the medium ones will avoid them.
The firefly said to the stars, "Scholars say that your light will go out one day." "The stars don't answer.
The puppy suspects that the universe is plotting to usurp its position.
God loves human light more than his own big star.
Honor shames me because I secretly pursue it.
Life is richer because of losing love.
When kissed by light, dark clouds become flowers in the sky.
The little flower sleeps in the dust, and it looks for the path that the butterfly has taken.
I believe in your love "Let this be my last word.
Never frown even when you are sad, because you never know who is falling in love with your smile.
To the world, you are one person; But for someone, you are the world. Don't waste your time on a man/woman, who isn't willing to waste their time on you. Just because someone doesn't love you the way you want them to, doesn't mean they don't love you with all their heart.
Don't worry, the best things come when you least expect them to.
Maybe God wants us to meet a few wrong people before meeting the right one. When we finally meet the right person, we should be grateful.
Don't cry because it is over, smile because it happened.
God said to man, "I heal you, so I will hurt you;" I love you, so I will punish you. "
There are no traces of wings in the sky, but I have flown.
When you shut the door on all mistakes, the truth will be rejected.
Mistakes can't stand failure, but truth is not afraid of failure.
The nearest place is the farthest distance. When we are humble, we are closest to greatness.
Love is a full life, just like a cup full of wine.
The moon shines her light on the sky, but keeps her black spots for herself.
Life is enriched by giving love.
The cause of fruit is respected, the cause of flower is sweet, but let me do the cause of leaf, which is covered with humility and concentration.
Buried roots allow branches to bear fruit without asking for anything in return.
Thank the flame for giving you light, but don't forget the person who holds the lamp. He stood patiently in the dark.
Among the stars, there is a star that guides my life through the unknown darkness.
We read the world wrong and say it deceives us.
Grass, your steps are small, but you own the land under your feet.
Just walk there, don't stay to pick flowers for preservation, because the flowers will continue to bloom along the way.
Ah, beauty, find yourself in love, not in the flattery of your mirror.
Poetry and prose
Robin Delanat Tagore and the New Moon
Random thoughts, gardener collection, fruit collection.
Here comes the black cow leaf cover again.
The last week of the book "Wandering Thoughts", "The Legacy of Lovers"
Abandoning dust and collecting lyric poems
At the ferry, it's already late at night in Jilibala.
novel
The story of the riverside steps of Wen Yuan treasure beggars, the picture scroll of the times
Rupture and transfer of property, kannika nimtragol
Live or die overnight. Win or lose.
Suba Mohamaya, Kabul
Reward the editor's judgment
An old story turned out to be such a notebook.
Illegal entry, dark clouds and the sun atone.
The judge's sister hit her pride.
The inevitable disaster of meeting each other late
The female neighbor keeps her promise, the Haoda family.
A letter from a woman, Hermit of Hermonti.
Farewell to strange women at night, bride and bride
Treasure stolen by biased artists.
The last prize: the story of the Muslim shipwreck.
related articles
Tagore's literary temple on Tagore's prose poems (1) Tagore's poems
Tagore chronology
186 1 was born on May 7th.
1878, studying in Britain,
1880, returned to China to specialize in literary activities.
190 1 An experimental school for children's education was established in Saint Nikitan.
1884 ~1911year, as the secretary of Brahma society.
1924, visited China.
194 1 year, he wrote his last words, The Crisis of Civilization.
194 1 died on August 7th.
Tagore and China
Tagore and Tagore of China have always emphasized the necessity of unity, friendship and cooperation between Indian and China people. 188 1 year, he wrote "the trade of death", condemning the crime of Britain dumping opium to China and poisoning the people of China. 19 16 delivered a speech in Japan, attacking Japanese militarists' aggression against China. /kloc-visited China in 0/924, and returned to China to publish a talk in China. From 65438 to 0937, after Japanese imperialism launched the war of aggression against China, he published many open letters, talks and poems, denounced Japanese imperialism and sympathized with and supported the just struggle of the people of China. The early works of China writers Guo Moruo, Zheng Zhenduo, Bing Xin and Xu Zhimo were mostly influenced by him. His works were introduced to China as early as 19 15. In the past decades, there have been many Chinese translations and comments on his works. 196 1 In order to commemorate his centenary birthday, People's Literature Publishing House published 10 volumes of Tagore's works.
19 15, Chen Duxiu published four hymns translated by him in the second issue of Youth magazine (New Youth). The thought of "believing in love, childlike innocence and maternal love" in his works, with broad and kind mind and unique personality, has won the admiration of countless readers in China.
Tagore is a writer with great world influence. From 65438 to 0924, Tagore visited China at the invitation of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and the "Tagore fever" reached its climax. When he was in Xu Zhimo's hometown, "the audience was blocked, and hundreds of students from various schools collectively sang songs and saluted. It was quite a moment." Met with Liang Qichao, Shen Junru, Mei Lanfang, Liang Shuming, Qi Baishi, Pu Yi and other celebrities. 1956 Premier Zhou Enlai recalled: "Tagore was a talented poet who made outstanding contributions to world literature ..." He influenced a group of the most talented poets and writers in China, among which Guo Moruo and Bing Xin had the deepest influence. Guo Moruo, the first poet of China's new poetry, said that the first stage of his literary career was Tagore style. Bing Xin is the first female writer in China's new literature. Her early works were obviously influenced by Tagore, especially her poems "Stars" and "Springs". She said: "When I wrote Stars and Spring Water myself, I was not writing poetry, but was influenced by Tagore's Birds, and I collected a lot of' fragmentary ideas' in a collection." Guo Moruo, Bing Xin and others have influenced China readers from generation to generation with their works.
Tagore is one of the most important foreign writers in the eyes of China readers, and Shakespeare may be the only one who can match him. Now there are 10 volumes of Tagore's works published in Chinese.
Tagore's trip to Beijing (Zhang Baoshen)
Tagore (1861-1941) is a great poet, writer and philosopher in India. He wrote more than 50 poems, 12 novels, 100 short stories, more than 20 plays, 1500 paintings, hundreds of songs and a large number of works. 19 13 years, his collection of poems "Gitanjali" won the Nobel Prize in Literature, and he was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetry collections, such as Crescent Moon Collection, Gardener Collection, Birds Collection and Firefly Collection, were introduced to China in large quantities, which influenced several generations of readers in China. 1924 12 From April to May 30, Tagore visited China for more than 50 days at the invitation of Liang Qichao and Cai Yuanpei, in the name of the Beijing Society for Learning, with deep feelings for the people of China. Before Tagore came to China, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, then the non-permanent president of Guangzhou, also sent him a warm invitation letter: "It would be a great blessing if Mr. …… could come to China to meet him in person … I hope I can come to Guangzhou on invitation." As soon as he set foot on the territory of China, the poet couldn't help saying, "Friends, I don't know why. Going to China is like returning to my hometown. I always feel that India is a very close relative of China, and China and India are very old and close brothers. "
On April 23rd, 1924, Tagore arrived at Qianmen Station in Beijing by train. Liang Qichao, Cai Yuanpei, Hu Shi, Liang Shuming and Gu Hongming went to the station to meet them. During his one-month trip to Beijing, he went to the ancient Fayuan Temple to enjoy lilacs and attended a poetry meeting. I visited the Forbidden City and met the last emperor Puyi. In Peking University, Tsinghua, Beijing Normal University and other institutions of higher learning, he delivered many speeches such as China and World Civilization, Civilization and Progress, Truth and so on. Meeting celebrities from all walks of life ... May 8 coincides with Tagore's 63rd birthday. People in Beijing's cultural circles arranged his famous play Zidra, which was performed in the Dongdan Concord Auditorium that day to celebrate his birthday. Hu Shi presided over the meeting. Liang Qichao extended warm congratulations on behalf of people from all walks of life in Beijing. The finale of the birthday party is to watch Zidra and perform in English. In the play, Lin plays Princess Zidra, Xu Zhimo plays Madonna, the goddess of love, and Vasenta, the goddess of spring. Liang Sicheng is a stage set designer. The wedding was held in the auditorium with unprecedented pomp. Tagore and Mei Lanfang sat together, and he said excitedly, "I am so happy to see my own drama in China. However, I'd rather see your play. " Mei Lanfang immediately promised to invite him to watch his new play Luoshen.
On May 12, Tagore, accompanied by friends, came to Xiaotangshan Hot Spring in Changping with great interest. The bathing in Tangquan and the spring scenery in Shan Ye left a good impression on the poet. He said, "The warm spring water here washed away the dirt on me. In the twilight of the morning, I saw the gorgeous morning glow, the blue sky, silently looking at the green grass on the ground, and the breeze gently shaking the awakened ancient willow by the stream. The scenery is nostalgic. "
On May 19, Mei Lanfang specially staged a new row of mythical Peking Opera "Luoshen" in zhushikou's newly opened Ming Kai Theatre to entertain Tagore. Tagore came to the theater to watch the performance and specially put on the red dress of the Indian International University he founded. Mei Lanfang remembers very clearly: "On that day, when I looked from the stage, I saw the poet sitting in the middle of the box, wearing a crimson hat, a red robe, silver beard and white hair, and looking like a fairy." On May 20th, Tagore will go to Taiyuan. At noon that day, Li Mingzhong, the representative of Liang Qichao, Li Shizeng, Mei Lanfang, Qi Rushan and General Feng Yuxiang, gave him a farewell dinner in Fengzeyuan Restaurant. Tagore talked about many feelings of his trip to Beijing with great interest. After careful consideration, he put forward many constructive opinions on Mei Lanfang's Luo Shen. In his view, the performance and scenery should be more romantic, the stage color should be richer, and the poetry of the drama should be highlighted ... Mei Lanfang humbly accepted his suggestion, made changes in the scenery and performance, and achieved gratifying stage effects. Tagore wrote a poem in Bengali on the spot and gave it to Mei Lanfang on the fan: "Dear, you covered your face with a veil in a language I don't understand;" Just like a smoke cloud from a distance, the peaks are covered by water mist. "
Thirty-seven years later, in 196 1 year, Mei Lanfang wrote a poem in memory of the Indian poet Tagore, which was published in Guangming Daily on May 13 in memory of this Indian friend. Mei Lanfang wrote in the preface: "1In the spring of 924, Mr. Tagore visited China and had a good talk. Yu Wei performed the drama Luoshen. After Tai Weng's view, he gave poems to each other and a pen and ink fan to China. The sun and the moon have not been born for more than thirty years. This is the centenary of the poet's birth. Recalling that Tai Weng loves China, he often sees his feelings in words, and his literary talent lasts forever, and his poems are remembered. " This poem fan, which symbolizes the friendship between China and India, is now preserved in the memorial hall of Mei Lanfang's former residence.
Tagore's visit to China has left a glorious page in the history of cultural exchanges between China and India. Zheng Zhenduo, a writer, wrote in the article Welcome Tagore published at that time: "We welcome those who give us love and light, comfort and happiness, but our dear brothers, our intellectual and spiritual companions. His greatness is everywhere! " Writer Xie Bingxin also wrote with reverence: "Tagore was the most admired foreign poet in my youth. He is a patriot, philosopher and poet.
When Tagore visited China, he said with great foresight, "I believe that you have a great future. I believe that when your country stands up and shows its spirit, Asia will also have a great future. "