Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel.
On Poetry in Shu in Farewell to the Governor-General
The land of Sanqin guards the capital Chang 'an. However, the place you are going to is a mess.
You and I are full of parting worries, because we are both people who are far away from home and go out to be officials.
As long as there are people who know themselves within the four seas, even if they are far apart, they are like close neighbors.
Don't be sad because of the parting at the fork in the road, just like those young men and women wet their scarves with tears.
Appreciation of Farewell to Du Shu
This poem is a famous farewell poem, which is poetic to comfort you not to be sad when you leave. The first sentence is in strict opposition, and the third and fourth sentences are in the same strain, with scattered tones, turning reality into emptiness and ups and downs in literary context. "However, China holds our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor." Its towering peaks highly summarize the scene of "profound friendship, mountains and rivers are irresistible", which has been passed down from generation to generation and is well known. At the end of the couplet, the theme of "sending" is pointed out.
The whole poem is full of ups and downs, pulsating flow and broad-minded artistic conception. It washed away the sadness in ancient farewell poems, and it is a unique stone tablet with bright and clear tone and high freshness.
This poem washes away the bitterness and lingering state in previous farewell poems, and embodies lofty taste and broad-minded mind. "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will still be our neighbor." Two words have become an immortal sentence to express the deep friendship between friends far away from Qian Shan.
First sentence
"separated by the wall of three qins and the fog of five rivers". Que is the watchtower in front of the palace. "City Que" refers to Chang 'an, the imperial capital of the Tang Dynasty. "Sanqin" refers to the Guanzhong area near Chang 'an. At the end of Qin dynasty, Xiang Yu once divided this place into three kingdoms, so later people called it the land of Sanqin. "Assist" and "assist" can be understood as escort here. "Auxiliary Sanqin" means "Auxiliary Sanqin". The vast wilderness in Guanzhong is guarding Chang 'an, which means the place of farewell. "Through the mist that unites five rivers". "Wujin" refers to the five crossings of Minjiang River from guanxian to Qianwei. Looking from a distance, I saw the wind, dust and smoke in Sichuan are endless. This sentence is about where Du Shaofu is going. Because friends are going to Sichuan from Chang 'an, the two places are naturally linked with the poet's feelings. The poem did not say goodbye at the beginning, but only described the situation and style of these two places. Looking up at thousands of miles, I feel infinitely reluctant, and the feeling of farewell is comfortable.
The poet is in Chang 'an, and even the land of Sanqin is hard to see at a glance. As for Wujin, thousands of miles away, you can't see it at all. Poetry is often beyond the vision of ordinary people. Looking at the world with imaginary eyes, you can take a few seats in Wanshan and see Wanchun in an instant. "How does the water of the Yellow River move to the sky and enter the ocean, and it will never return?" Looking at the East China Sea from Heyuan. "Qu Tang Xia Kou Qujiang Tou, Wan Lifeng smoke meets Su Qiu", you can see Chang 'an from the Three Gorges. Using this technique, this poem has opened up a magnificent realm from the beginning, which is different from ordinary farewell poems that only pay attention to Yan Yu, Yang Zhi, tears and wine lamps.
The second sentence
We said goodbye to each other sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. What does it mean to leave each other? People who are wandering abroad for the same official reasons have left their hometown and have already had a heavy parting. When they said goodbye to each other in the guest house, it was another heavy parting: there was infinite sadness in it. The first two sentences are high-profile, precise and strict. These two sentences have a long lasting appeal, and the antithesis is not neat, so they are more evacuated. Of course, this is because there was no set of strict rules for orthodox poetry at that time, but it also had its unique beauty. At first, it was like a waterfall hanging over thousands of feet, which tumbled down from the clouds, then fell into a deep pool, gurgled down, and flew in Qingyuan, resulting in ups and downs and strong ups and downs, which made people feel that they were changing.
Third sentence
Then the fifth and sixth sentences, the realm from narrow to grand, the mood from sad to heroic. However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will remain our neighbor. It is inseparable to stay away from a true confidant. As long as you are in the same place, even at the ends of the earth, you are only as close as your neighbors. Broad-minded, ambitious, showing true friendship is not limited by time and space, both eternal and ubiquitous, and expressing optimistic and open-minded emotions.
Fourth sentence
At the end of the two sentences, "why linger at the fork in the road, children * * * take towels. These two lines run through one sentence, meaning: don't cry goodbye to that child at this fork in the road where we are about to break up! It is a reminder to friends and a confession to your feelings. Immediately after the first two sentences, it suddenly fell into relief at a very high and steep place, and then ended. Take music as an example; At the end of the music, some came to an abrupt end in the most wonderful place, while others dragged on. This poem ends in the second way. To appreciate ancient poems, especially those neat and short, such as the Five Laws, we should not only appreciate some of its wonderful sentences, but also understand its composition, its ups and downs, its ideological changes and development. Words seem to look at mountains and dislike peace, and so do poems.
General introduction
Appreciating this poem from the perspective of literary history, it is not difficult to feel that it has a fresh breath. The early Tang Dynasty was the beginning of a powerful dynasty in ancient China. Poetry in the Tang Dynasty reached the peak in the history of China literature. The great innovation and development of poetry, which lasted about 200 years, began in the early Tang Dynasty. Wang, Yang, Lu, Luo and other great poets at that time were pioneers who appeared earlier. First of all, they opposed the gaudy poetic style inherited from the early Tang and Six Dynasties. Yang Jiong said that Wang Bo "tasted the early years of Longshuo, and the literary field was a variant: fighting for slim structure and carving; Golden jade, dragon and phoenix, chaotic purple and yellow; The video is called Eccentricity and False Beauty. I am exhausted, I am strong and ignorant, I think of its disadvantages, and I want to use my career. " It can be seen that he consciously reformed the disadvantages of poetry and advocated a vigorous and upward poetic style. Take this poem by Wang Bo as an example. It was simple, vigorous and unrestrained, which once made readers feel refreshed at that time. Since then, this poetic style has been greatly developed and has become the dominant style of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Secondly, they made their own contribution to the formation of the new poetic style. Taking five-character poems as an example, this new poetic style, which gradually matured and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, was tried and formed in the works of Wang Bo and others. This poem by Wang Bo is two mature five-character poems. Read the five laws of Wang and Meng again, and then read the five laws of Li and Du, and you will find that the development of this new poetic style in the Tang Dynasty is like a big river, which comes down in one continuous line and grows more magnificent as it moves forward.
Main idea
When a friend was about to take office, the poet comforted him not to be sad because he was far away: although they were far apart, their friendship would not be weakened because of the distance, and their hearts were connected. Although it is a farewell poem, there is no sadness in the whole poem. The poet's cheerful mind, bold and fresh words, euphemism and kindness reflect the sincere and profound friendship between friends.