Quzi Ci: Quzi, the earliest name of a word, has the same meaning as "Ci" and "Ci" today. But in the Tang and Five Dynasties, the word "Ci" was rarely used. For example, the earliest collection of folk words was found in the Dunhuang Tibetan Scripture Cave, and its name is Yunyao Collection of Miscellaneous Songs (***30 songs), while some single articles are called Huanxisha, Daolianzi, Guanhuanggen and so on. "Quzi" refers to the lyrics filled with music. Wang Zhongmin said in Dunhuang Quzi Ci Collection: "Today, it is called Ci, and it was called Quzi in ancient times. According to the original music, Guo Maoqian's modified Yuefu is a "miscellaneous song" or a "modern song". ..... is the original word (i.e. word) of May 7th Yuefu or Qu, and long and short sentences are called Qu. Special tunes have become a combination of literati and seaweed. Over time, it has been called self-creation as a word, and the custom system is a tune, so the word is high-profile and humble. " The reason why this kind of music lyrics were called "Quzi" in the Tang and Five Dynasties was because Ren Bantang thought: "The dominant parts in its meaning are musicality, artistry, folk and history, which are stronger than all the words." (On Tang Quzi, Literary Heritage No.2 1980) Until the Song Dynasty, people used to call Ci "Quzi". As recorded in Zhang Shunmin's "Hua Zhi Liu Yu Yan Shu". "Gong Yan said,' Does Xian Jun compose music?' Sanbian said,' Just like Xianggong, you can also compose music.' Huayang, a painter in Xining, Song Shenzong, compiled a book which is regarded as "the oldest story" and its title is Tales of Sages. Regarding the origin of ci, Wang Zhuo in the Southern Song Dynasty said: "Since the change of the year, the so-called' Quzi' has gradually prevailed and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty." ("Bi Zhi" Volume I) Zhu also said something similar to "long and short sentences are today's tunes" in genre studies. It can be seen that the name "tune" has far-reaching influence. It was after the appearance of literati ci that "Quzi" was called "Ci". Ouyang Jiong of the Five Dynasties first put forward the name of "Qu Zi Ci" in Hua Jian Ji: "Because poets have collected 500 Qu Zi Ci recently, it is divided into ten volumes." Sun Guangxian, a contemporary of Ouyang Jiong, said in "North Dream": "The Jin Dynasty is harmonious, and it is not bad to write a lyric poem when you are young." It was not until the Song Dynasty that "Ci" was gradually replaced by "Qu". Gu Sui said: "One of the words was established in the Song Dynasty. In the Tang dynasty, only' tune' was said. .....' son', xiaoyi, now say' son'. So it is different from Daqu, because it is composing music. What is the difference? Yue: It's just a matter of size. In addition, "Qu" means "spectrum", which means sound, and "Ci" and "Ci" mean words. So the composer refers to the words made according to the music score of a certain movement. " There are more than 250 different collections of Song Ci, and the famous collection of Ci is about 165 (including a few widely collected and named words). Famous poets include Xiaoyao Ci, Yan Shu's Zhuyu Ci, Zhang Ziye Ci, Yan's Xiaoshan Ci, Mao Gu's Dongtang Ci, Chen's Wuzhu Ci, Li Qingzhao's Shuyu Ci, Zhang's Luchuan Ci, Yu Hu Ci and Chen Liang's Yu Hu Ci. If we put aside the prejudice that "Ci is superior to Qu" and the misunderstanding that "Ci leads Qu", it is ok to call Dunhuang Qu as "Dunhuang Qu Ci", "Dunhuang Folk Ci" and "Dunhuang Ci" according to the convention. It is in this sense that we call this book The History of Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Yuefu: originally refers to the music institution established by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, which collects and creates poems with harmonious singing, which is called Yuefu songs or lyrics. Later generations called it "Yuefu". Since the main task of Yuefu organization is to create music scores, train musicians, collect lyrics and perform, since the Han and Tang Dynasties, all rural sacrifices, Yan shooting, advocacy, Qing business, dance music and piano music have been within the jurisdiction of Yuefu organization. Therefore, the songs and poems that can be appreciated during the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, including the old poems copied from Yuefu or the new poems created by imitating Yuefu genre, are generally called "Yuefu". But the word "Yuefu" is different from the above situation. Mainly using the name "Yuefu" to express its characteristics of being able to enter music and sing, it is a lyric poem with music as its lyrics. So many poets' collections are named after Yuefu. Such as Dongpo Yuefu of Su Shi, Zhupo Yuefu of Zhou Zizhi, Qingshan Yuefu of Xu Shen, Xixiang Yuefu of Zhao Changqing, Shun 'anle Yuefu of Kangzhi, Song Yin Yuefu of Cao Xun, Xixi Yuefu of Yao Kuan, Chengzhai Yuefu of Yang Wanli and Xuzhai Yuefu of Zhao Yifu. In order to emphasize and highlight the times of their music and works, some ci collections also created their own names such as "Near-body Yuefu" and "Entertainment Yuefu". For example, Zhou Bida's Pingyuan near-body Yuefu and He Zhu's Dongshan Yusheng Yuefu.
Long and short sentences: this refers to the miscellaneous words in poetry, which are different from the long and short sentences of words and are created by predecessors to refer to words. Wilson said in "The Preface of Words": "There are poems and long and short sentences that are vivid, Nanfeng's exercises, and Wuzi's songs have been. Zhou Zhi's "Fu" has 31 poems and 18 long and short sentences; There are 19 articles in Song of Sacrifice to the Suburb in Han Dynasty, among which long and short sentences rank fifth. There are eighteen articles in Song of Piccolo, all of which are long and short sentences. Is it a non-verbal source? " Wilson only compares Ci with ancient poetry from the length and length of Ci, so exploring the origin of Ci will naturally become superficial and lose its foundation. Therefore, Wang Chang added this in Preface to the State Dynasty: "Wang's" Jin Xian's Narration of Zhu 'an "said that long and short sentences originated from' 300 pieces' and merged into the Han Yuefu, which was outstanding and still unfinished. Gates actually wrote after the ancient poetry, which is based on music and music is based on sound. The sound is different from clarity, competition, severity and intonation. It is based on the twelve laws of five tones, not the length of the sentence, so it is impossible to publish its sound. "Judging from the melody change of music score, the sentence length of words is much more scientific. Because it clearly distinguishes ordinary poetry from words sung in music, and whether they are harmonious or not. The earliest collections of Su Shi's ci are Dongpo's long and short sentences (see Xitang's old continuation), as well as Qin Guan's Huaihai Jushi's long and short sentences, Mi Fei's long and short sentences, Zhao's Tan An's long and short sentences, Zhang Gang's Huayang's long and short sentences and Xin Qiji's.
Yu Shi: It is mainly used as the name of Ci collection, which first appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. For example, the earliest anthology of ci was named after Caotang poems, and Mao Zai's poems were also called poems. Later, Wang also had Meixi poems, Provincial Zhai poems, Han Yuanji's Nanjian poems, Nanhu poems, Huang Ji's Fanghu poems. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that "Yu Shi" was used as an alias for words. The most obvious is Zhang Wan's book Poems. The word "Yu Shi" is another name for this word here. Wang's preface to the collection of poems said: "After the death of poetry, there is Yuefu, and after the death of Yuefu, there is poetry. What is left is the Yuefu factions, and the songs of later generations will be opened first. " Xu Shi once said in "Distinguishing Style Poetry": "Taking poetry as the basis is the difference between the ancient Yuefu and the songs of later generations." However, because the word "poetic surplus" contains the meaning of belittling poetry and belittling words, some people object to the use of the word "poetic surplus" Wilson said: "Ancient poetry is to Yuefu, and the body is to Ci, and each has its own way, which cannot be followed by another. It is almost impossible to say that poetry is reduced to words and words are poems. " ("Introduction to Words")
In addition, there are many other names of words, or they have created appellations related to the characteristics of the word set itself, which are gradually alienated from the nature of the word. If there is a "song", Wang Anshi's "Song of Mr. Linchuan" and Jiang Kui's "Song of the White Stone Taoist" are examples. Some people call it "Qinqu", such as Ouyang Xiu's Qinqu of Drunken Man, Huang Tingjian's Guguqin Qu, Chao's Qinqu and Chao's Xian. Some people call it "Music Movement", such as Liu Yong's Collection of Music Movements, Liu Yi's Tiaoxi Music Movement, Shi Hong's Panzhou Music Movement and Xie Maosheng's Quietly Sending Buddha Music Movement. Some people call it a legacy, such as Shi Xiaoyou's Legacy of Golden Valley, Chen's Legacy of Snow White and Lin's Legacy of Elegant Style. Some people are called "flute musicians", such as Zhou Ping Fishing Flute Music and Song Yu Qiao Flute Music. Some people call it a "fishing song", such as Chen's "fishing song of Rihu". Some people call it "The Woodman's Song", such as Zhu Dunru's "The Woodman's Song". Some people call it "language industry", such as Yang's Xiqiao language industry. Some people call it "idiom", such as Gao's "Bamboo House Idiom". Some people call it "advocacy", such as Penglai in summer. Some people also call it "yee language debt", such as Zhang Ji's "East Translation of yee language debt".
It can be seen that there are countless names of words such as "Fang Ming", and among all the poetic styles, no poetic style is summarized, valued and praised from different angles like words. On the one hand, it shows that the form of words is widely loved, and at the same time, it shows that the form of words is a polyhedron, which is closely related to traditional culture, Sino-foreign exchanges and subtle social needs of the times.