Sentence Appreciation
The whole article revolves around the word "wang". The first four sentences use scenes to express emotions and combine scenes. People write that the city of Chang'an is overgrown with vegetation and sparsely populated to set off the dilapidation of the country. At the beginning, "the country is broken and the mountains and rivers are here" is shocking, and there is a sense of historical vicissitudes of things changing and people changing. It describes the desolate scene of the country being ruined and the city being deserted. The two sentences "I feel the flowers splashing with tears when I feel sad, and the birds that hate others are frightened." The two sentences use objects to personify the flowers and birds. They feel the division of the country and the difficulties of the country, and the flowers and birds in Chang'an shed tears and are frightened. The spring is written through flowers and birds, and the sadness of seeing things is expressed. The personification method is used to express the sadness of the country's subjugation and the sadness of parting. It reflects the poet's patriotism. The poet looks from afar to a focused perspective, from far to near, and his emotions from weak to strong. In this cross-conversion of emotions and scenery, the poet's sighs, worries and indignation are implicitly conveyed. The country is in turmoil, wars have been going on for years, people are separated from their wives, and there is no communication. It is especially valuable to receive letters from home at this time. The poet reflects from the side the great pain that the war has brought to the people and the people's eagerness to know whether their relatives are safe or not during the turmoil. At the same time, it is also difficult to obtain family letters to express the poet's deep concern for the country. The last two sentences describe the poet's increasingly sparse white hair, which cannot even be inserted into a hairpin, and describe the depth and breadth of the poet's sorrow and anger through movements. The whole poem is full of scenes, deep emotions, implicit and concise, and concise and comprehensive, which fully reflects the poet's "melancholy" artistic style.
The whole poem expresses the poet's worries about the country, sadness for time, homesickness, grief for himself, and longing for his relatives.
The whole poem is calm and subtle, sincere and natural, reflecting the poet's love for the motherland and his affection for his family. Modern scholars such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is thorough but not straight, the scenes are comprehensive but not dissociated, the emotions are strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not complicated, the rhythm is rigorous but not rigid." Quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth ten thousand dollars" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
In June of the first year of Emperor Suzong's reign in Tang Dynasty (756), Anshi rebels captured Chang'an, the capital of Tang Dynasty. In July, Du Fu heard the news that Tang Suzong had ascended the throne in Lingwu, so he settled his family in Qiang Village in Fū Prefecture and went to Suzong. He was captured by the rebels on the way and brought to Chang'an. Because of his humble official position, he was not imprisoned. "Spring Hope" was written in March of the following year. The poet witnessed the fall of Chang'an's flutes after the fall, and was deeply homesick after experiencing adversity. He couldn't help but sigh with emotion.
The first and second couplets and four sentences of the poem describe the decay of the spring city and are full of sighs; the third and fourth couplets and four sentences describe the situation of missing relatives and are full of detachment. The whole poem is calm and subtle, sincere and natural.
"The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of grass and trees in spring." The opening chapter describes what Chun Wang saw: the country's capital fell and the city was dilapidated. Although the mountains and rivers remained the same, the grass was everywhere and the trees were green. The word "broken" makes people frightened, and then the word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said: "'The mountains and rivers are there', it is obvious that there is nothing left; 'the grass and trees are deep', it is obvious that there is no one left." ("Wen Gongxu Poetry Talk") The poet here clearly describes the scene, but in fact expresses his feelings, placing his feelings on things and supporting his feelings. Yu Jing creates the atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is skillfully crafted, mature and natural, and poetic. "National destruction" and "city spring" have opposite meanings. There is a sharp contrast between the ruins of the "national collapse" and the prosperous "city spring". "The country is broken" is followed by "mountains and rivers are here", which has the opposite meaning and is unexpected; "city spring" is originally supposed to be a beautiful scene, but the suffix "deep grass and trees" describes the state of desolation. It is contradictory and yet another turn. Hu Zhenheng of the Ming Dynasty praised this couplet very much and said: "The duality is not bad, but it changes vertically and horizontally, surpassing the stereotypes, with dark and light, shallow and deep, and the movements are amazing." (Volume 9 of "Tang Yin Gui Zhu")
"Impressions The general interpretation of these two sentences is that the flowers shed tears and the birds are frightened by the sad scene of separation in troubled times. The author is moved by the scene, empathizes with the object, and sees the richness of good poetry. And using intertextual techniques, it can be translated as "When I feel sorry for you, I hate seeing flowers splashing with tears; when I feel sorry for seeing you, I hate seeing birds splashing with tears."
The first four sentences of the poem are all contained in the word "wang". The poet looks up and down, his sight goes from near to far, and then from far to near. His vision ranges from the mountains and rivers to the city, and then from the city to the flowers and birds. Emotions progress from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, and advance step by step. In the changes of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from looking up at the scenery to bowing his head in contemplation, and then naturally transitioned to the second half - longing for his relatives.
"The war has lasted for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold." Since the Anshi Rebellion, "the war has been fierce and the faith of the village has been broken." Until now, in the deep spring of March, the war is still continuous. How much I look forward to hearing from my loved ones at home. A letter from home at this time is really worth "ten thousand pieces of gold"! "A letter from home is worth ten thousand pieces of gold" expresses the urgent mood of long-awaited news without news. This is the thought in everyone's heart, and it naturally makes people excited, so it has become a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
"The hairpins are shorter when the white heads are scratched, and the hairpins are full of lust." The war is everywhere, and family letters are blocked. I miss the tragic scene in the distance, and look at the decadent scene in front of me. I feel extremely bored. , scratched his head and hesitated, and suddenly felt that his short hair was sparse and there were almost no hairpins. "White hair" is caused by sorrow, "scratching" is an action to relieve sorrow, and "shorter" shows the degree of sorrow. In this way, in addition to the pain of losing a country, losing a family, and being separated from others, they also sigh and grow old, which adds a layer of sadness.
This poem reflects the poet's beautiful feelings of loving the country and missing his family. The meaning is thorough but not straight, the situation is comprehensive but not dissociated, the feelings are strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not complicated, and the rhythm is Rigorous but not rigid, written with the ups and downs of the five-rhythm regular pattern, it is written with a sonorous sound and a clear spirit. Therefore, it has been popular for more than 1,200 years and has endured for a long time.
An antithetical couplet in the poem "Looking at Spring": The flowers splash with tears when I feel the time, and the birds are frightened by the hatred of others. The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold.
The poet was just 45 years old this year, but the "white head" was realistic - half a year later, he mentioned it again in "The Northern Expedition": "I fell into the dust of the world, and all my hair was gone. "It's "white-headed" and so sparse that it's "incomparable with hairpins". You can imagine its old appearance. He grew old so quickly because he was worried about his country, hurt by time, and homesick for his family.
Du Fu was trapped among thieves for eight months, and he wrote about twenty poems. These poems are profound and implicit, and this poem is the best. Every sentence has a hidden meaning, which is worth savoring.
Appreciation of the poem's title
The "look" in "Chunwang" expresses the longing for the family (the war continues for three months, and letters from home are worth ten thousand yuan); the despair and worry about the future of the country (the country will be destroyed) The mountains and rivers are there, the city is springy and the vegetation is deep); lamenting that I am old and honest (the white hair is shorter and the hairpin is full of lust)
Central idea
The central idea of ??this poem Yes: By describing the desolate scene of Chang'an during the An-Shi Rebellion, this poem expresses the poet's concern for his country and home, and reflects the poet's desire for peace and happiness
Artistic Expression
1 , "Spring Hope" has rhetorical techniques such as blending emotions into scenes, borrowing scenes to express emotions, supporting objects to express ambitions, supporting objects to imply meanings, and embodying emotions into things. The key is to turn emotions and thoughts into scenery, empathize with the scenery, and blend the scenes, which is what the modern West calls "empathy theory." Du Fu's poem: "I feel the flowers splashing with tears when I feel the time, and I hate the other birds and are frightened" ("Spring View"), which is an example of empathizing with the scenery.
2. The artistic technique of poetry. From different levels: Poems are highly summarized and vividly reflect social life. They often use metaphorical techniques, that is, they need to use rendering, comparison, association, contrast and other techniques to concretize the emotions and events to be expressed, forming a vivid and vivid picture. In addition to being vivid and vivid, poetic images often have symbolic connotations and exaggerated pictures. Therefore, symbolic techniques and exaggerated techniques are often used to convey lofty meanings and make people think. Poetry is lyrical and contains strong emotions. Lyrical techniques are often used to express the poet's typical feelings directly (expressing one's feelings directly) or indirectly (expressing one's feelings in the scene, expressing one's feelings through objects). Poetry is an imaginative and revelatory art, and poetic imagination is usually expressed in the form of association, analogy, fantasy, etc. It can be said that there is no poetry without imagination. Pay special attention to some modern symbolic poems, which often use symbolic techniques or characteristic things to represent similar or similar concepts, thoughts and emotions. Such as Dai Wangshu's "Rain Alley".
3. The structure of poetry. The structure of the poem follows the logic of emotion and imagination, with leaps and bounds. Therefore, the poet deliberately constructs "blank" - artistic jump and omission. Ancient Chinese literary theory calls it "space". "March of the Volunteers" in the field: "In the Changbai Mountain area, / China's sorghum, / is growing in blood. / In the windy sand, / a volunteer soldier. / Riding through his hometown. / He came back: / The head of the enemy , / hung on an iron gun." The poet omits the scenes of heroic resistance, but the scenes of bloody battles and the national indignation of the same enemy are filled between the lines. Because of the atmosphere of the era at the beginning and the poetic touch at the end, readers can supplement the battle scenes with their imagination in a well-founded way. The jumping and omission of the poem, and the artistic treatment of virtuality and reality, create an artistic expression of "space" in which less wins over more.
4. The language of poetry. Refined and full of rhythmic beauty. Metaphors, synaesthesia, repetition and other techniques are commonly used, and the tone, rhyme and rhythm of the language constitute the beauty of music.
Summary
The city of Chang'an, which was burned and looted by the Anshi rebels, was overgrown with weeds and desolate. The poet is sad and confused when he is sad, and he is emotional when he touches the scenery. The whole poem is written by "Wang", and the scenes blend together. Progressing layer by layer and interlocking with each other, from worrying about the country to homesickness, the emotions become stronger, more concrete, and more profound. After reading the whole poem, a poet full of anxiety, scratching his head and sighing suddenly appeared before his eyes.
This poem is famous for its profound conciseness and concise words. The choice of words should be accurate and rich in meaning.