Judging from Tao Yuanming's own character and temperament, he admired Lao Zhuang and Zhuangzi, pursued nature, opposed restraint, and liked to live a quiet pastoral life without fighting against the world. Being an official was not what he wanted in life. He despised the secular world and looked down on those big and small bureaucrats who were arrogant, pretentious and full of ugliness. He deeply hated the red tape that came to the officialdom. However, traditional values, especially the idea of ??"excellence in learning leads to officialdom" pioneered by Confucius, forced him to become an official, which made him struggle between advancement and retreat throughout his life.
Tao Yuanming had high ideals in politics, but he could not find the path or possibility to realize this ideal at the time. Facing the dirty officialdom and murky politics at that time, he deeply felt that there was no way to serve the country and there was no hope for progress. Seeing the selfish desires and hypocrisy of officials in the struggle for power, Tao Yuanming was constrained at every turn and found it difficult to agree with him. Forced by helplessness, Tao Yuanming had no choice but to stay in peace, resign from office and go into seclusion to cultivate the fields. In ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, most knowledgeable and talented people initially traveled far and wide, eager to make achievements, but later they encountered obstacles everywhere and became disheartened and demoralized. Examining the trajectory of their lives, there is often such a pattern: when they have the opportunity to show off their talents and "use the world", most of them tend to be pragmatic and are dominated by Confucian concepts in their thinking; His talents are not put to good use, especially when he feels depressed and frustrated, his thoughts tend to turn to Lao and Zhuang. Starting life with the thought of "joining the world" and ending it with the thought of "coming out of the world" - this is the typical life path of traditional Chinese literati.
In China, it is almost impossible for a literati to completely get rid of the traditional Confucian thought of actively using the world and benefiting the common people. Confucius couldn't do it, Mencius couldn't do it, Tao Yuanming couldn't do it, and Li Bai couldn't do it either. Tao Yuanming's tragedy lies in the fact that he "joined the world incompletely and was unwilling to leave the world" and was "focused on two ends". He was deeply involved in the contradiction between ideals and reality throughout his life, and struggled throughout his life between the dilemma of not being able to advance enough to make a country and not being able to retreat enough to make a living. It means that you are worried when you advance, and you are also worried when you retreat. Whether Tao Yuanming joins the world or emerges from it, it is not only a process of seeking a path to practice his social ideals, but also a process of becoming aware of the conflict between ideals and the system. From actively participating in the system for social ideals, to being unwilling to join the trend and endangering society and leaving the system, and then to Going to the opposite side of the system shows that there is no way for a gentleman under the authoritarian system, and Tao Yuanming also completed the transformation of his triple identity as a social reformer, a reclusive poet and a thinker.
9
Three Kingdoms Cards The sequel to Young Three Kingdoms 2, download and get a VIP
The sequel to Young Three Kingdoms 2, the king of high-welfare cards, is officially open for public beta. Be the first to choose a five-star general gift pack! Download today and get ten consecutive SSS level generals for free.
Shanghai Youzu Information Technology has... Advertisement
Tao Yuanming's full text recitation_free download of the phonetic annotation version
Tao Yuanming's moral cultivation, good content audio of Confucianism, download Himalaya APP
Beijing Zhidao Future Network Technology.. Advertisement
All related questions
How do you understand what the ancients said about "birth" and "joining the world"?
1. Birth: 1. Birth; birth. The poem "Xie Kou Shiyi Hui Duan Inkstone" by Chen Shidao of the Song Dynasty: "All the gods scatter flowers and all the gods are happy, knowing that a saint will be born." Translation: All the gods scatter flowers The gods are happy because they know that the saint has just been born. 2. Beyond the world. Su Shi of the Song Dynasty wrote in "The Biography of Huang Lu Zhi and Li Shi": "If you don't hate and renounce anything, how can you be born in this world?" Translation: If you don't hate and renounce anything, how can you transcend this world? 3. Point out home. Tang Huangfu once wrote a poem in "The Autumn Evening of My Heart to the Master": "A true monk is born with no worries, and in the quiet night he burns himself with incense." Translation: A real monk has no worries when he becomes a monk. He must work hard and take responsibility for himself, and others can take his place. No, Buddha cannot grant it. 4. Enter the human world. Tang Liu Zongyuan's "Longcheng Lu·Ren Zhongxuan Meng Water God Holds the Mirror": "This mirror is the most precious treasure of Shuifu. It was born for a certain period of time, and now it belongs to me." Translation: This mirror is a treasure of Shuifu, and it has a certain period of time to come to the world. Now it belongs to me. Come and take care of it. 5. It means to become an official; to become famous. Li Bai of Tang Dynasty wrote a poem in "The Night Lang Leaving a Farewell Sect in Wujiang, Sixteen Jing": "Wandering around the world before he was born, his empty reputation moved the capital." Translation: Wandering around the world for so long without becoming an official, his reputation is empty. The capital was alarmed. 6. Beyond the world. Lu Lun of the Tang Dynasty, "He Zhang Pu Shesai Sai Xia Qi": "To adjust the arrows and call the eagle, both of them have extraordinary abilities." Translation: Being able to adjust the bow and arrow and call the eagle is beyond the ability of the world. 2. Joining the WTO 1. Entering the society; devoting yourself to the society He is a young child who has just joined the WTO. 2. In Buddhist terms, it is opposite to "transcendence" (detachment from the secular world). Born in the world, its aura is majestic and will always remain in heaven and earth. ——Qing Dynasty Quan Zuwang's "Plum Blossom Ridge" Translation: That kind of awe-inspiring righteousness is so majestic and majestic that it will always remain (in) between heaven and earth. Why must (ask his) face and image whether he was born as an immortal, became a Buddha, or became a human being? What's up?
Extended information: Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism have different understandings of the issue of being born in and joining the world. In fact, Taoism is about joining the world. Although Laozi repeatedly emphasizes the idea of ??inaction in the Tao Te Ching, Laozi's "inaction" does not take "inaction" as its purpose, but "doing" as its purpose, and Eventually, "inaction" will turn into "action".
Confucianism has always been about joining the world, but Confucianism's joining in the world is to regulate the family, govern the country, and bring peace to the world, which narrows joining the world. Only serving as an official is the way to join the world. Therefore, Confucian scholars are keen on being officials, but have a negative attitude towards the people's participation in the world. What's more, when they become officials, they advocate for tigers and work with those in power to suppress the people. Since then, Confucianism's entry into the world has become the cornerstone of competition in the power arena and an official-based society. The real transcendental knowledge is actually Buddhism. The principle of transcendental thought in Buddhism is to be compassionate without giving up the world, and to be wise without falling into the world. That is to say, we must understand the impermanence, suffering, emptiness, illusory and unreal nature of the world and give up all greed, but we need to have the great compassion to help the world and save everyone. We cannot give up on all sentient beings in the sea of ??suffering and seek the tranquility of Nirvana on the other side. The essence of true Buddhist transcendental thinking is to eliminate greed, stay awake with wisdom while living among the five desires, and not be greedy for glory and wealth. It is not about hating and escaping from reality, seeking pure happiness for oneself.
Reference materials: Baidu Encyclopedia - Joining the WTO
Reference materials: Baidu Encyclopedia - Birth
3 Views 2679 2019-07-28
Opinions on Tao Yuanming's retirement
Tao Yuanming could not stand the darkness of the officialdom at that time and did not want to join in the corruption, so he decided to retire to his countryside and live a leisurely civilian life every day. Different people have different views on his seclusion. Generally, there are two different views on his seclusion. 1. Positive attitude: In order to avoid collaborating with those corrupt officials, he retired to the countryside. They do not pursue a life of glory and wealth, and are indifferent to fame and fortune. Instead, they love an ordinary life. 2. Negative attitude: He does not dare to confront corrupt officials alone, does not dare to point out the darkness of officialdom, he just turns a blind eye to these bad things. He chose to escape, stay away from officialdom, and live an ordinary life among the people. He did not want to openly confront corrupt officials and seek benefits for the people. : Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427), named Yuanliang, also known as Qian, privately nicknamed "Jingjie", known as Mr. Jingjie in the world, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). A great poet and poet from the late Eastern Jin Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty. He once served as Jiangzhou Jijiu, Jianwei Army Joiner, Zhenjun Army Joiner, and Pengze County Magistrate. His last official career was as Pengze County Magistrate. He abandoned his post after more than eighty days and retired to his countryside. He is China's first pastoral poet and is known as "the sect of reclusive poets in ancient and modern times". He has "The Collection of Tao Yuanming". In August of the first year of Yixi (AD 405), Yuanming served as an official for the last time as Peng Zeling. In November, Cheng's sister died in Wuchang. Yuanming wrote "Come Back and Come Back", resigned from office, and officially began his life of seclusion until the end of his life. At this time, Yuanming's political attitude entered a clear period, and his ideology also entered a mature period. Different from his previous life of hard work, this time he was conscious: he did this, and he also understood why he did it. In the past, his pastoral life seemed to be that of a small and medium-sized landowner, but now he worked more, which meant he lived a life closer to that of an average farmer. During this period, he created many poems and essays reflecting pastoral life, such as five "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" and twelve "Miscellaneous Poems". In mid-June of the fourth year of Yixi (AD 408), Yuanming's house caught fire and the house was completely destroyed, so he was forced to move. In the eleventh year of Yixi (AD 415), the imperial court ordered him to be recruited as Zuo Lang, but Yuanming said he was ill and did not apply. In the fourteenth year of Yixi (AD 418), Wang Hong was the governor of Jiangzhou. He met Yuanming about this year or one or two years later. There are anecdotes between the two of them weighing leather shoes and giving wine in white clothes. In the first year of Yuanjia (AD 424), Yan Yanzhi was the prefect of Shi'an and made friends with Yuanming. There is an anecdote that Yan Gong paid for the wine. In the fourth year of Yuanjia (AD 427), Tan Daoji heard about Yuanming's name, went to visit him, presented him with beams of meat, and persuaded him to become an official. Yuanming refused, and did not accept the gift of beams of meat. In the same year, Yuanming died in Xunyang. After his death, his friends privately named him "Jingjie", and later generations called him "Tao Jingjie".
83 Views 29907 2019-08-02
"Enter the world" and "born out of the world" Composition for the first year of high school
1. The choice of the soul Fishing in Pushui, Zhuangzi compares himself The divine turtle chooses to be born into the world; in the middle of the Long Dynasty, Wolong walks out of the thatched cottage and chooses to join the world. Picking chrysanthemums on the east fence, Tao Qian lived in seclusion in the countryside and chose to be born; facing the Jieshi in the east, Meng De expressed his ambition and chose to join the world. Joining the world and leaving the world are two different choices and attitudes a person has towards life. Saints wandering around the world The world needs a broad mind and lofty ambitions to "cultivate oneself, manage one's family, and bring peace to the world." For example, the "Poetic Saint" Du Fu had a rough life, but he never forgot to worry about the country and the people. In order to seek an official position and fulfill his ambitions, he lived a life in Chang'an where he "keeps a wealthy family in the morning and follows the fat horse in the evening. There are broken glasses and cold food, and there is sorrow everywhere." The "Anshi Rebellion" completely isolated Du Fu from his official career. He was full of ambitions, but had no way to serve the country and was still wandering around the world. He witnessed the luxury of the dignitaries in the capital and the misery of the common people, and wrote "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells"; he was still thinking about it when his thatched hut was torn apart by the strong wind and there was no dry place in the house due to heavy rain. "There are tens of millions of mansions in Guangzhou, and the poor people in the world are all happy"; he "worried about Li Yuan in his poor years" and wrote an immortal chapter known as "the history of poetry". Du Fu experienced all the hardships and sufferings in the world. He understood the world, so he wrote about the interior and bottom of society. His sentiments about the times and the world, and his patriotic spirit of concern for the people and his country are exactly the kind of feelings that actively engage with the world. The soul deep in the bamboo forest is born to avoid the contradictions in the world and disdain the struggles in the world.
For example, Ji Kang was well-read, self-taught and knowledgeable; he loved the guqin and had very good playing skills; his calligraphy was elegant and wild, just like his arrogant and unruly character. It was his indulgent, willful and unconventional character that deeply affected his conduct in life. Facing the political struggle between Cao and Wei, he avoided the sharp edge, left the capital, came to live in seclusion in Shanyang, released his soul deep in the bamboo forest, and wrote his own story. "There is a fence deep in the bamboo forest" was the rejection he wrote to Ruan Ji and others. Guest poem: Faced with the temptation of Shan Tao, he broke off the friendship regardless of the friendship of the "Seven Sages". He would rather continue forging iron in the depths of the bamboo forest; facing the entanglement of real contradictions, he drank and sang wildly, forgetting the worldly affairs in his drunkenness. A bamboo forest created his reclusive life; a hammer forged his iron-like personality; a pot of turbid wine cast his wild nature; a guqin conveyed his thousand-year loneliness. Ji Kang, an aloof hermit. Being born and joining the world is a collision of souls and a choice of souls. Du Fu chose to join the world, Ji Kang chose to be born in the world, and I prefer the latter. Buddha said: "Bodhi has no tree, and the mirror is not a stand. There is nothing in the beginning, so how can I be stained with dust." The world has its original appearance. Bodhi has no tree, and the mirror is not a stand. How can I be stained with dust? Another poem says: "There is nothing in the world, and mediocre people disturb themselves." Since there is nothing in the world, why should I bother with it? In the end, I will become a "mediocre person." It's your choice to be born or join the world, as long as your soul has no regrets! Born and Joined the World Zou Shifang In the winter of 1981, on the eve of my graduation from Peking University, my teacher, Professor Zhu Guangqian, a master of aesthetics, once wrote an inscription to me: Do the work of joining the world with the spirit of being born in the world. I have used this to encourage myself throughout my life, and also used it to encourage my friend Zhu Guangqian, a scholar from Fang. In the winter of 1981, as far as I know, Mr. Zhu’s words of congratulation were the first to be evaluated by Master Hongyi Li Shutong. Li Shutong experienced twists and turns in his life, experienced the joys and sorrows of the world, and finally became a generation of eminent monks. During the Anti-Japanese War, he wrote "Remember the Buddha and never forget to save the country" to warn the world. Li Shutong influenced a generation of intellectuals with his lofty moral character, strength of personality and strong spirit of patriotism. Soon I showed Mr. Zhu's handwriting to his friend, the famous writer Feng Yidai. Mr. Feng happily wrote it for me: Only by joining the world can one be born. Those who want to join the world without being born are not allowed. The gift of a book inspired by my illness Comrade Zou Shifang and Feng Yidai 1982/3/24 The inscription and gift from Mr. Zhu and Feng Er are unforgettable. In life, we really need to handle the relationship between rebirth and entry and exit well. Only by looking at this issue from a dialectical point of view can we have the correct answer. The inscriptions of Mr. Zhu and Mr. Feng are the crystallization of this dialectical thinking. If a person is too involved in the world, over time, he will become obsessed with the authorities, fall into the tedious details of life, and put too much emphasis on practical interests. The reality is reality, but he always cannot jump out and is stuck in prejudice, making it difficult to achieve anything great. This requires a bit of worldly spirit. Stand a little higher, see farther, and see some things lightly. Only in this way can we get rid of selfish distractions, and use this worldly spirit to do worldly things, and we will get twice the result with half the effort. On the other hand, when a person lives in the world, he just lives in the world, looks on with cold eyes, cannot understand it, is aloof, and refuses to live in the world without wanting to do anything practical and worldly. In the end, It is also "the young man's head has turned gray in idleness". It's like pulling your own hair to escape from the earth. It is said that Confucianism advocates joining the world, while Buddhism and Taoism advocate leaving the world, but this is not necessarily true. Take the Taoist Zhuangzi's thoughts as an example. Isn't it not about joining the world? Only by being able to deny can we have great affirmation. Only by throwing away those trivial things can we focus on the truly valuable things. His heart was cold because his heart was white-hot. In order to go deep into this world, he must first get out of this world. This is the true nature of Taoism. Realism and romanticism in literary creation can also be seen as a question of joining the world and emerging from the world. Realism is mainly about being in the world, and romanticism is mainly about being out of the world. In great writers and poets, the two actually coexist. Even Li Bai, the great romantic poet, had a very realistic "Guanshan Moon": "The bright moon rises from the Tianshan Mountains, among the vast sea of ??clouds. The wind blows for tens of thousands of miles across Yumen Pass. The garrisonmen look at the border towns, thinking about returning home with so much sorrow. "The tall buildings are still sighing at this night." There is also "Midnight Wu Song": "The moon is shining in Chang'an, and the sound of thousands of households pounding clothes..." is the story of Mr. Wuliu who "picked chrysanthemums under the east fence and saw Nanshan leisurely." Tao Yuanming also wrote very realistic and affectionate love poems. Mr. Lu Xun had already commented on his "Xianqing Fu". September 19 this year is the 110th anniversary of the birth of Professor Zhu Guangqian. I re-published this article to briefly express my memory of him. (Excerpted from "Prose") Material: Mr. Zhi Zhongyun said in the book "The Birth and Entry of Scholars into the World": "Foreign aggression and internal autocracy are China's biggest worries during this period. Under the threat of these evils, the great righteousness of the Chinese nation has The lack of success is inseparable from the influence of Confucianism and moral tradition... Confucianism has also produced many great Confucians who lived on both sides of the Taiwan Strait - Liang Shuming and Xu Fuguan are outstanding ones. "Zi Zhongyun said when talking about the origin of the title of "The Scholar's Birth and Entry into the World": "The view of 'birth' is generally regarded as a negative and helpless choice. However, in the specific history of China, under the autocratic monarchy. Under the system, the only way for scholars to join the world is to become an official.
Once they enter the official career, not many people who care about the country and the people can express their ambitions, but they will inevitably be forced to bow down. Besides, opportunities are always limited. In this case, the spirit of 'transcendence' is a retreat to maintain personality independence and a purifier for the soul. Therefore, there are arrogance, arrogance, indifference and tranquility, happiness in poverty, and open-mindedness. If there is no spiritual retreat, then everyone will do whatever it takes to squeeze and compete on the single-plank bridge of the official career, and only "Confucianism" will be left. For those obscene images in "Lin Wai Shi", China's moral and cultural outlook may be different. "Zhuge Liang: "Without indifference, there is no clear ambition; without tranquility, there is no way to reach far. " Fan Zhongyan said: "If you live high in the temple, you will worry about the people; if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king. "Hu Wenying said this about Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi's eyes are extremely cold, and his heart is extremely warm. His eyes are cold, so he doesn't care about right and wrong; his heart is warm, so he is full of sorrow. Although he knows it is useless, he cannot forget his feelings. In the end, his warm heart is hanging on; although he cannot forget his feelings, But if you don't take action in the end, you will see through it coldly. Zhao Shuli: "I don't want to go into the literary world, I don't want to be a literary writer, I just want to be a 'literary stall'... To be such a literary stall writer is my ambition. " 51 years ago, Qian Xuesen broke through many obstacles and resolutely returned to his motherland, giving up the superior living conditions in the United States. Faced with honor, status, and money indifferently, Qian Xuesen devoted his life to his favorite motherland. Once, he won 100 When the check of HK$10,000 was remitted, he did not even look at it but donated it all to the desert control cause in the west. In 1992, he applied to resign from the title of "faculty member", which was contrary to the current competition among some people for fame and fortune. The current situation of "trying to do everything possible" is in sharp contrast. He said: "As a Chinese scientific and technological worker, my purpose in life is to serve the people. "A foreign reporter once said that he had two wishes when he came to China: one is to see the Great Wall, and the other is to see Qian Zhongshu. He regarded Qian Zhongshu as a symbol of Chinese culture. There was also a foreign reporter because he saw Qian Zhongshu's "Fortress Besieged" wanted to interview Qian Zhongshu. He called many times and finally found Qian Zhongshu. Qian Zhongshu refused the interview request and said: "If you eat one. Eggs feel good, so why do we need to know the chicken that laid them? "CCTV has opened a popular "Son of the East" column for the public. Many people desperately get into it and are proud of showing off their "style". However, when the program producers tried to interview Qian Zhongshu, He resolutely refused. A well-known university in the United States wanted to invite him to give lectures for half a year, once every two weeks, for 40 minutes, a total of about 8 hours, and the compensation was US$160,000. , but Qian Zhongshu was not moved at all. Someone else wrote an article in Paris' Le Monde saying: China is qualified to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. Qian Zhongshu is not only dissatisfied with this evaluation. He expressed his acceptance and instead wrote an article in "Guangming Daily" questioning the fairness of the Nobel Prize for Literature. One time, the "Son of the Orient" column team of CCTV visited Mr. Qian and expressed his desire to join the "Son of the Orient" column. To be honest, even ordinary celebrities and scholars did not have the honor of being admitted to the "Son of the East", but the old man declined. Qian Zhongshu refused to be admitted to the "Son of the East". What a big shortcoming! After the client's request failed, the column "The organizer visited Mr. Qian again and made a request. At the same time, he implicitly expressed that the shot would not be in vain and would be paid." After hearing this, the old man smiled slightly: “I’ve had my whole life’s money, so what else do I need money for? " Ji Xianlin once told the world: "Please take off the crown of 'Master of Chinese Studies' from the top of my head." "Please take off the crown of 'Academic Master' from the top of my head. "The national treasure's crown has been taken off." Yuan Longping said more frankly: "You can't say that I don't have the idea of ????fame and wealth, I can only say that I am relatively indifferent. "During the Cultural Revolution, Liang Shuming's collection of books, manuscripts, calligraphy and paintings were burned, and he was paraded and criticized. Finally, he was imprisoned in a small room by the rebels. Liang neither cried out nor sighed, but was enjoying himself. , took great pleasure in writing academic papers, and successively completed "On the Similarities and Differences of Confucianism and Buddhism" and "An Overview of Eastern Academics". Liang Shuming said: "The Cultural Revolution came suddenly, very suddenly, and I was not mentally prepared. It’s not just my family that suffered some material losses, but thousands of families across China who were harassed. My woman suffered a little bit, but I was okay and survived, after all! All calligraphy, paintings, slips, and books were burned. These are all external things, nothing. However, thoughts cannot be destroyed! ..." Professor Chen Shengshen, a famous Chinese-American scientist and foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "It may be a good thing that there is no mathematics prize in the Nobel Prize. It allows mathematicians to not be confused by fame and fortune, and to conduct their own research more concentratedly. Work. " Chen Shengshen: "I just want to understand mathematics. If one's goal is fame and fortune, mathematics is not a shortcut. "Ba Jin: "My only wish is to turn into soil and stay in people's warm footprints. " Feng Youlan: "Chinese saints are both worldly and worldly, and Chinese philosophy is also worldly and worldly. Lin Yutang said that most Chinese philosophers are both born into the world and born into the world. In September 2005, Li Ao visited Fayuan Temple in Beijing during the "China Cultural Tour". A reporter asked Li Ao which one he preferred, born into the world or born into the world? Li Ao Cleverly answered: "You can be born in the world only if you can enter the world, and vice versa.
Master Hsing Yun: "People should establish themselves with a worldly mentality and do things with a worldly mentality." " Zhou Jiahua: " Calmly settle down, hold a sincere attitude towards the world, let nature take its course, and give yourself a clear and bright state of mind. ”
46 views 5180 2017-11-23
What is joining the world and joining the world philosophy
To leave the world, we must break away from society, even from "life" ". Only in this way can we get the final liberation. This kind of philosophy is commonly known as "transcendental philosophy". It pays attention to human ethics and worldly affairs in society. This philosophy only talks about moral values ??and does not talk about or is unwilling to talk about transcendence. Moral value. This kind of philosophy is commonly known as "worldly philosophy". From the perspective of worldly philosophy, worldly philosophy is too idealistic, impractical, and negative. Philosophy is too realist and too superficial. In ancient Chinese literature, people who are passive are like Tao Yuanming, who live in seclusion because they do not want to be polluted by the world, have no attachment to the world, face the world of mortals without being distracted, and do not care about worldly affairs. Something like that; to actively join the world means to be in society, not to experience the world of mortals, but to go to the places where people live to experience the ordinary world, and to do one's best for society, but not to be affected by the secular world. (This should be the meaning) Chinese people talk about China Philosophical thoughts always like to be divided into worldly and worldly. For example, Confucianism is about worldliness, and Lao Zhuangxuan said it is about worldliness. In fact, it is not completely true. The spirit of Chinese philosophy is a combination of worldliness and worldliness. There are many understandings: one is in the world; the other is the real world.
16 Views 1431 2017-11-26
How to view Tao Yuanming’s retirement in the countryside
< p>Tao Yuanming), named Yuanliang, also known as Qian, with the private title "Jingjie" and known as Mr. Jingjie in the world, he was a great poet and poet in Jiangzhou from the late Eastern Jin Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty. He joined the army in Zhenjun and served as magistrate of Pengze County. He served as magistrate of Pengze County for the last time. He abandoned his post after more than eighty days and retired to the countryside. He is China's first pastoral poet and is known as "hermit in ancient and modern times." The "ancestry of poets" is included in "The Collection of Tao Yuanming". The reason for his retirement, as for Tao Yuanming's career and retirement, people are accustomed to explain it from the social environment's advocating for hermitage and his thoughts of internal Confucianism and external Taoism. In fact, grasping Tao Yuanming's five After his official career, a historical and concrete analysis of the reasons why he retreated into obscurity can be summarized into two points: one is due to Tao Yuanming's nature, and the other is due to the essential characteristics of Tao Yuanming's character. Pursuing the greatest freedom of the soul and leisurely elegance of mind, official life was not in line with his nature of advocating nature. Tao Yuanming lived in an era where freedom was advocated and mysticism was raging. Political usurpation and killing made scholars who wanted to avoid disaster extremely. It is easy to form a reclusive character. It should be said that the formation of Tao Yuanming's reclusive character has something to do with the general admiration for seclusion and the pursuit of spiritual freedom among the gentry literati in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is this natural endowment of advocating nature and leisurely freedom that makes him unbearable. "I bowed my waist to the village villain for five buckets of rice", and finally resigned from the official position and returned to the fields. He wrote "Returning to Lai Ci", in which he said very frankly that he was forced to make a living when he became the county magistrate; the reason why he resigned was, It's because he is "natural in nature and not the result of hard work. Even if he is hungry or cold, he will get sick against his own will." His aloof character makes him rather go hungry than flatter his superiors against his will and join the officialdom. In "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", the poet sang: "A young man has no suitable rhymes, and his nature is to love hills and mountains. By mistake, he falls into the dust net, and has been gone for thirty years. Birds in the tether nostalgic for the old forest, and fish in the pond miss the old abyss." "Long-lived." In the cage, I can return to nature." In just a few sentences, his disgust for the official career was clear. Because of his "natural nature" and "original love for hills and mountains", Tao Yuanming regarded the official career as a cage. He finally resigned and retired to seclusion, leaving behind the dust and returning to nature. Tao Yuanming's return to the countryside should not only be considered in conjunction with his outspoken personality, but also should be understood from the broad political background and his official career. It can be said that his entry into the world and his birth were related to the social reality at that time. Although Tao Yuanming was eventually dismissed from his post and returned to his fields, when he was young, he had the idea of ??making contributions and benefiting the world. In poems such as "Drinking" and "Miscellaneous Poems", he once said: "Young people are rare in human affairs, and travel is good in scriptures." ”, indicating that he did not have the idea of ??being born from the beginning. He was born into a family of officials for generations, and was a descendant of the founding fathers. He also expected to make progress in his official career and make a difference in politics. However, the situation in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty where he lived was turbulent: intra-clan struggles and warlords' ambitions for political power constantly caused bloody killings and even fierce fights. This kind of social unrest not only brings disaster to the people, but also creates serious uneasiness among the upper classes of society. This forced Tao Yuanming's political ambitions to be reduced. In addition, in this struggle for power, all dirty and bloody conspiracies are all under the guise of noble morality, which makes Tao Yuanming, who has a true nature, intolerable. From the eighteenth year of Taiyuan of Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin Dynasty, when the twenty-nine-year-old Tao Yuanming first became an official, it was thirteen years until he returned to his field at the age of forty-two. During this period, Tao Yuanming has been in the contradictory struggle between "coming out of the world" and "joining the world", which is reflected in many of his poems.In poems such as "Going on vacation in the seventh month of the Xin Chou year and returning to Jiangling for a night trip to Tukou", he sighed: "How can I leave here and go as far away as West Jing", "The sun and the moon throw people away, and those who have ambitions will not be hired." In the poem It contains too much disappointment and sadness for the poet. It can be seen that the poet also had painful hesitation and hesitation about whether to return to his fields. However, in the end, his long-cherished wish to "love Qiu Mountain" overwhelmed his ambition to "escape the world", and he finally found it. His final path - to retire to the countryside. Therefore, his retreat was due to social reality and the result of the inability to reconcile his thoughts with social reality. Tao Yuanming, a reclusive poet, commonly known as Mr. Wuliu, is known as "the sect of reclusive poets". There are three general styles of its reclusive culture: one is soft, the other is bland, and the third is distant. His creation created the pastoral poetry system, thus bringing Chinese classical poetry to a new realm. From ancient times to the present, many people like Tao Yuanming's philosophy of life that sticks to the humble cottage, conveys the pastoral meaning, and his indifferent, quiet and natural, unparalleled artistic style. At the same time, they have also conducted research on the reasons why Tao Yuanming returned to the countryside and his secluded life. Research analysis. This is discussed below based on Tao Yuanming’s poetry. Tao Yuanming was influenced by traditional Confucian classics when he was young, and he had the ambition to help the world and the common people. However, due to the existence of the clan system, it is impossible for people born in poor families to break through the monopoly of high-ranking officials by the clan. Under such circumstances, it is difficult for Tao Yuanming's ideals to become reality, and his ideal dream is destined to be shattered. Tao Yuanming did not become an official until he was twenty-nine years old, but throughout his life, all he did was to serve as a low-level official such as offering wine, joining the army, and serving as county magistrate. The appearance is a humiliation and some official figures are arrogant and arrogant. When he was thirty-nine years old, his many years of experience caused essential changes in his thinking. He began to turn to farming to be self-sufficient and pursue peace and tranquility of the soul. After that, he served as the magistrate of Pengze County. Because he was unwilling to give in for five buckets of rice, he was relieved of his post more than 80 days after taking office. From then on, he put an end to his efforts and hesitation in his official career, and embarked on the road of retreat to the countryside without hesitation. Since returning to the countryside at the age of forty-one, Tao Yuanming has really enjoyed a period of pastoral pleasure in "the warmth of distant villages, the smoke in the ruins, the barking of dogs in the deep alleys, and the crowing of cocks on the tops of mulberry trees." However, Tao Yuanming, who came from a scholarly family, was not a good farmer after all, and the hard work of "opening up the wilderness in the south" might not enable him to live a well-off life without worries about food and clothing. In the fourth year of Yixi, when Tao Yuanming was forty-four, a disaster made his family impoverished. In the summer of this year, the "more than ten square acres of square house and eight or nine thatched houses" described by the poet as full of life were burned down by a ruthless fire. The family had to live on the boat and rely on the support of relatives and friends. In the third year of Yongchu (422), when Tao Yuanming was fifty-eight years old, his life was almost in desperation. His situation was reflected in the poem "Writing at a Meeting", "When you are weak, you will be hungry at home, and when you are old, you will be hungry. What Shumai is doing is true." Envy, who dares to admire sweet and fat food!" In the fourth year of Yuanjia (427), the poet was poor and ill. In the second self-elegy poem in his "Elegy Poems", the poet expressed his thoughts about the possibility of "emptying his belly and thinking nothing" after death. Reading the fantasy makes people feel sad: "In the past, there was no wine, but now there are glasses in the sky. Spring mash is born with ants, when can I taste it again? The table of food is full in front of me, and I cry next to me." In November of the fourth year of Yuanjia (427), Tao Yuanming, 63, passed away calmly.
9 views 780 2016-01-15
Excellent recommendations
A few steps before going to bed for facial allergies are enough
Face Don’t worry if you have allergies! I’ll teach you how to repair facial allergies in a simple way: 1. Wash your face with warm water twice a day, 2. Apply cold compress to the itchy area...
Jiangxi Yanxishe Cosmetics Advertisement
Polygonati.. ....I regret that I only saw it now
Since I started taking Polygonatum last year, I feel much better. People who often take Polygonatum must read it, it is so useful! Polygonatum is good for men..
Wuling District Shengxin Food Store Advertisement
What does a truly kind girl look like? Please explain in detail!
A qualified person must