Du Fu: There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which makes the poor people all over the world very happy.
Fan Zhongyan: Worry about the world first, then enjoy it.
Lu You: Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north. I didn't forget to inform you about the family sacrifice!
Gu: Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world.
Lin Zexu: The life and death of a country is selfish, so don't avoid every cloud has a silver lining.
1, Du Fu: There are thousands of buildings in Ande, and the poor in the world are happy.
The meaning of this poem is how to get thousands of spacious and tall houses, which generally shelter the poor scholars in the world and make them smile.
This poem is from the Song of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage written by Du Fu, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The original text is that the strong wind roared in August, which rolled my three hairs. Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao. The children in Nancun bully me. I can stand being a thief. I openly carried Mao into the bamboo forest, and my lips were so dry that I couldn't breathe. When I came back, I sighed on crutches. In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking. There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep! There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain! Alas, when I suddenly saw this house in front of me, my family froze to death alone!
The translation of this poem is in late August and autumn. The wind roared and swept away several layers of thatch on my roof. The thatched grass flew across Huanhuaxi and scattered on the other side of the river. High-flying thatch hangs on high treetops, while low-flying thatch floats and sinks into low-lying ponds. A group of children in Nancun bullied me, because I was old and had no strength, so I had the heart to be a thief and rob things face to face, and ran into the bamboo forest with thatch in my arms unscrupulously. It's no use burning lips and dry mouth, so I have to come back with crutches and sigh. After a while, the wind stopped and the dark clouds in the sky were as black as ink. In late autumn, the sky is gray and gradually darkens. This cloth has been covered for years, cold and hard, like an iron plate. The child couldn't sleep well and limped under the quilt. When the roof leaks, there is not even a dry place beside the bed. Raindrops like lines never stop raining. Since the war, I have rarely slept, the night is long, the house leaks rain, and the bed is wet. How can I stay up until dawn? How can we get thousands of spacious and tall houses, and generally shelter the poor people in the world, so that they are all smiling, not shaken by the wind and rain, and as stable as Mount Tai? Alas! When such a towering house appeared in front of me, only my hut was blown up, and I was willing to freeze to death!
The poem "The Hut is Blown by Autumn Wind" depicts the scene that the house leaks in the autumn night and it rains all night, which truly records a fragment of the life of the thatched cottage. Finally, I was born in a strange place, pushed myself and others with my own personal experience, further put aside my hardships and dreamed up a vast mansion that sheltered the poor in the world. This unrealistic fantasy is based on the poet's idea of taking the country as the country and drowning in hunger; The broad-minded performance makes the work exude a positive romantic atmosphere. The language of the whole poem is extremely concise, the image is prominent, the waves are superimposed, and there is no treatment, so it can be gripping.
Du Fu (A.D. 7 12- A.D. 770) was born in Xiangyang, Henan, and Gongxian. A great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who claimed to be a young man at night, was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang. Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals. The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.
2. Fan Zhongyan: Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world.
This poem means putting the interests of the country and the nation first, worrying about the future and destiny of the motherland, and contributing to the happiness of the people under the sun, which shows the author's great political ambition and great courage.
This poem is written by Fan Zhongyan of Song Dynasty, whose original text is Fu Jie! Is it to taste the heart of the ancient benevolent, or to do something different? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself; If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people; If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband. It's worrying about going in and going out. But when will you be happy? Do we have to say, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"? Hey! Wes, who are we going home with?
The translation of this record is alas! I have explored the thoughts of ancient nobles, which may be different from the above two moods. Why? They will not be unhappy because of the quality of foreign objects and personal gains and losses; People who are officials in the imperial court are worried about the people; People who are not court officials are worried about the king. In this way, I am also worried about being an official in the DPRK and being in opposition for the people. In that case, when will you be happy? So do we have to say, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later"? Alas! Without this person, who would I be with?
The whole story of Yueyang Tower is only 368 words, but it is rich in content and emotion. It naturally combines narrative, scenery writing, discussion and lyric, which not only explains the whole story, but also describes the scenery of the lake. There are both profound discussions by Jingjing and melancholy lyricism. Remember the building, remember the story, and put your mind on it. The author is also good at controlling complexity with simplicity and subtly changing content and writing. For example, the sentence "predecessors prepare" brings countless narratives, the sentence "nature" leads to "seeing things", the topic of discussion starts with "or different", and so on, and narrative romance has entered the realm. Fan Zhongyan, on the other hand, implicitly and tactfully advised Teng to "not be happy with things, not sad for himself", trying to infect old friends with his feelings of saving the world and his optimism of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" This is the fate of this paper, and it also determines the style of combining narrative with discussion.
Fan Zhongyan (August 29, 989-1May 20, 052), a native of Wenqian, Han nationality, was a famous thinker, politician, strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was young, and his mother remarried Changshan Zhu, so he changed his name to Zhu Yue. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Fan Zhongyan studied hard, awarded the manager of Guangde Army to join the army, welcomed his mother and changed his real name. Later, he served as Xinghua county magistrate, secret cabinet school supervisor, chief judge Zhou Chen, Suzhou well-known, and was reprimanded many times for being outspoken. In the first year of Kangding (1040), together with Han Qi, they served as the deputy envoys of Shaanxi appeasement and zhaofu, and adopted the policy of "long-term reclamation" to consolidate the northwest frontier defense. In three years (1043), he took office as a political commissar and formulated ten reform measures in the book Reply to Letters and Ten Events of Chen. In the fifth year of Li Qing (1045), the New Deal was frustrated, and Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Beijing, where he served as Yizhou, Dengzhou, Hangzhou and Qingzhou. You four years (1052), changed Zhizhou to Yingzhou, and Fan Zhongyan took office in Xuzhou and died here at the age of 64. Posthumous title is called the Palace. Fan Zhongyan's political achievements are outstanding, and so are his literary achievements. His thought of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" and his loyalty to people with lofty ideals have a far-reaching impact on future generations.
Lu You: Set the Central Plains Day in the north, and don't forget to tell Zhengweng on Family Day!
This poem means that when the day comes when the Song army recovers the lost land in the Central Plains, you will hold a family sacrifice. Don't forget to tell your father the good news! .
This poem comes from Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The original text is that death knows everything is empty, and sorrow does not see Kyushu. Therefore, when the great Song Jun team recaptures the Central Plains, you will hold a home banquet ceremony. Don't forget to tell me the good news!
The translation of this poem is to know that when people die, there is nothing left. Just sad that I didn't see the reunification of the motherland with my own eyes. Don't forget to tell me when the imperial army retakes the northern territory and worships the ancestors at home. "
The poem "Shizi" expresses the poet's complex thoughts and feelings at the end of his life in a tortuous way, including endless resentment against the unfinished golden cause and firm belief that the sacred cause will be realized. The whole poem has a sad element, but the tone is passionate. The language of poetry is natural, without any carving, but it is a natural expression of true feelings, but it is more beautiful and moving than deliberately carved poetry.
Lu You (1125—1210) was born in Yinshan, Yuezhou, Han nationality, a writer, historian and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu Yousheng was deeply influenced by family patriotism when he was a teenager. When I was in Song Gaozong, I took the does exam, but my career was not smooth because I was rejected by Qin Gui. Song Xiaozong was born a scholar after he acceded to the throne. He used to be the master book of Ningde County, Fuzhou, the official of deleting government decrees, and the judge of Longxing House. Because he insisted on resisting gold, he was repeatedly rejected by the Lord and factions. In the seventh year (1 17 1), he joined the army and worked in Nanzheng shogunate at the invitation of Sichuan ambassador Wang Yan. The following year, the shogunate was dissolved, Lu You entered Shu and met Fan Chengda. After Song Guangzong succeeded to the throne, he was promoted to Doctor of Rites and Reviser of History Museum. Soon after, he was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown for "mocking romantics". In the second year of Jiatai (1202), Song Ningzong sent an imperial edict to Lu You to Beijing, and presided over the compilation of Xiao Zong and Guang Zong's Records of the Two Dynasties and History of the Three Dynasties. His official position was to be determined. After the book was written, Lu You lived in seclusion in Yin Shan for a long time, and died in Jiading for two years (12 10), leaving the last book, Shizi. Lu You persisted in writing all his life and made great achievements in poetry and prose. His poetic language is simple and fluent, and his composition is rigorous and orderly. He has both Li Bai's boldness and boldness and Du Fu's melancholy and sadness, especially his patriotic enthusiasm, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Lu You is also a brilliant historian. His Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, with bright colors and high historical value, is "concise".
4. Gu: Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world.
This poem means that every ordinary person has an unshirkable responsibility for the rise and fall of world events.
This poem is a self-care "Rizhilu Zhengshi". The original meaning is the death of the country and the death of the world. Debate between national subjugation and national subjugation? Yue: "Changing one's surname and number means national subjugation; Benevolence is an obstacle. As for attracting animals to eat people, people will kill each other, which is called the death of the world. Protecting the world and then protecting its country is an ancient knowledge. Protect the country, its monarch and minister seek it; Those who protect the world are shameful and responsible.
The translation of this poem is that "national subjugation" and "national subjugation" are two different concepts. "National subjugation" refers to the change of dynasty and the change of Wang Di's title. However, benevolence and morality are not widely publicized, the rulers abuse the people, and the people are constantly arguing, saying that the world will die. Things such as protecting the country only need to be planned by Wang Di, his ministers and those who control the profits. But the rise and fall of "the world" is the responsibility of humble people.
The Record of Japanese Knowledge is the masterpiece of Gu, a famous scholar and thinker in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, which has a great influence on later generations. This book is a large-scale academic reading notes written over the years, and it is Gu's work of "recalling the past, reading notes and writing a book". It aims at Ming Dow and saving the world, including all the author's academic and political thoughts, and has the connotation of practical application.
Gu (1613.7.15-1682.2.15), Han nationality, was born in Qiandeng Town, Kunshan, Suzhou, in the Ming Dynasty. His real name is Jiang and his real name is Fan Han. His aliases are Ji Kun and Guinian. After the defeat, it was renamed because it admired Wen Tianxiang Student Wang. Because there is Lin Ting Lake next to the former residence, scholars respect Mr. Lin Ting very much. Outstanding thinkers, historians, geographers and phonologists in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, together with Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi, are called "three great Confucianism" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He traveled all his life, taking Wan Li Road and learning from thousands of books. He founded a new learning method and became a master in the early Qing Dynasty, and was known as the "founder of the Qing Dynasty". Gu is knowledgeable, and has studied the national code system, anecdotes of counties and cities, astronomical phenomena, canals, military farmers, hundreds of classics and histories, and phonological exegesis. In his later years, he emphasized textual research, which opened the atmosphere of park learning in Qing Dynasty. His knowledge is based on erudition and self-shame, and he learns from time to time, and if he learns well, he becomes an official. Poetry is a masterpiece when feelings are hurt. His major works include Records of the Day, Diseases in the Country under the Heaven, Zhao Yuzhi, Five Tones, Phonological Tone, Ancient Phonological Table, Poetic Original Phonology, Tang Yunzheng, Phonology, Records of the Stone, and Lin Ting's Poems.
5. Lin Zexu: It is inevitable to be selfish and gloat for the life and death of the country.
This poem means that as long as it is beneficial to the country, even if you sacrifice your own life, you will never avoid it because you may get hurt.
This poem is from Lin Zexu's "Going to the Garrison for Family". The original text is that the strength is weak, and the spirit is exhausted for a long time, and it will be exhausted. Is greed for life and death avoided because of misfortune? Exile is just the kindness of the king, and it is just right to keep humble and die. The play tells a story with his wife, trying to destroy the old scalp.
The translation of this poem bears a heavy responsibility for my low ability, and I feel exhausted. Taking on heavy responsibilities again and again, with my aging body and mediocre talent, is definitely untenable. If it is good for my country, I will risk my life. If you are lucky, can you avoid troubles and face difficulties? I was exiled to Yili because of your kindness and generosity. I'd better leave the army and become a mature soldier. I joked with my wife in Zhi Lin, Dongpo that Song Zhenzong called Yang Pu and Su Dongpo to prison, saying that you might as well recite the poem "This time ruined the old scalp" to see me off.
The poem "Going to the Garrison, Going to the City Gate, Showing Home" shows that Lin Zexu was demoted to Yili for advocating no smoking, was expelled from the army, and was forced to express his patriotic feelings and personality when Xi 'an was separated from his family. It expresses the lofty spirit of the author who is willing to die for his country regardless of personal gains and losses. Poetry is honest, graceful, peaceful and generous, which is quite suitable for ministers.
Lin Zexu (1785 August 30th-1850165438+1October 22nd), a native of Houguan (now Fuzhou), Fujian Province, was called Mu, an old man in the village, who retired to the village and retired to the 72nd peak late. He was called the "national hero" of China because he advocated smoking ban. 1839 When smoking was banned in Guangdong, Lin Zexu sent an unannounced visit to force foreign opium dealers to hand over opium, and the confiscated opium was destroyed in Humen on June 3. The destruction of opium in Humen put Sino-British relations in a state of extreme tension, which became an excuse for British aggression against China during the First Opium War. Although Lin Zexu struggled against western invasion all his life, he was open to western culture, science and technology and trade, and advocated learning and using it. According to the literature, he knows at least a little English and Portuguese, and is committed to translating western newspapers and books. Wei Yuan, a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty, compiled the documents translated by Lin Zexu and his aides into "Seaside Map", which inspired the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and even the Meiji Restoration in Japan.