1. Up to today, the two rulers in this area and their advance in the foggy age have not clearly recorded how far the ancient Shu was established, so that Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, lamented "1. Until the two rulers of this area, in the era of the imperial city, they crowded over. Forty-eight thousand years later, they had no contact with Qin Sai. " Can Cong and Yufu are the legendary founders of Shu. "Huayang National Records" contains: "There are Can Cong, Shu Gong, and their views on generals. Can Cong, a native of Can Cong, was the first king of Shu. From the description, Can Cong at that time had a characteristic of "paying attention to the whole", which is still difficult to explain.
In the legend of the Yi people in Yunnan and Guizhou, there are also records similar to "Muzong people". According to the Yi myth Meige, human evolution is from the era of "one-eyed man" to the era of "vertical-eyed man" and then to "horizontal-eyed man", and the "vertical-eyed man" here probably refers to the "vertical-eyed man". A bronze mask with eyes protruding 16 cm was unearthed in Sanxingdui culture, and it was named "bronze portrait". This may tell us that the ancient Shu civilization is more or less related to the Yi people.
Bronze portrait
So how old can the ancient Shu civilization be? 1980 after many excavations, archaeologists confirmed the time of Sanxingdui site in Sichuan: its upper age limit is about 4500 years, which lasted about 1500 years. The first dynasty in China is only 4000 years ago, which shows that the ancient Shu civilization was even earlier than the Xia Dynasty. As far as the degree of civilization is concerned, the ancient Shu civilization is not inferior to the Xia Dynasty, or even higher. Judging from the exquisite and brilliant bronzes unearthed in Sanxingdui, the level of ancient Shu civilization at that time was quite high, but there were very few bronzes before Shang Dynasty found in the Central Plains, and large bronzes had not yet been found.
In addition to Sanxingdui site, archaeologists discovered Jinsha site near Chengdu in 200 1 year, and unearthed more than 10000 precious cultural relics, including gold, bronze, jade, stone tools and pottery. From the time point of view, Jinsha site is longer and still in the end of primitive society. The most striking thing about Jinsha site is the discovery of the golden ornaments of the sun god bird, which is a solar steam wheel with four birds connected end to end. This just reflects the religious color of ancient Shu people worshiping the sun and the legend that "the sun was lost by the sun".
Sun Shen niaoshi
"Shan Hai Jing" records that "there is a tree on the Tang Valley, which carries Wu every day." Coincidentally, a bronze bird tree was unearthed in Sanxingdui, which was divided into three layers and there were nine birds on the tree. According to Shan Hai Jing, "There are hibiscus on the Tang Valley, which bathes on the 10th, north of Blackpool. Living in the water, there are big trees. No.9 lives in the lower branch and 1 lives in the upper branch. "Isn't this the legendary hibiscus tree?"
Bronze bird tree
Second, Du Yu's tragic story-the regime change in Shu. Du Yu is the legendary king of Shu, and when he actually existed is unknown. According to the data in Huayang National Records, Du Yu attached great importance to agricultural production, and he "taught the people to rely on agriculture". At that time, Shu was relatively strong. In history, "Praise and thanks were the front door, Xiong Er and Lingguan were the back households, Emei was the battlements, Mianluo was the pool, Wenshan was the shepherd, and there was a garden in the south". Although it is exaggerated, it still reflects the strength of Shu from the side.
Wang Di and Congdi.
Tu Yu once moved the capital to Longyi and proclaimed himself emperor. Later generations called him "Wang Di". In Untitled by Li Shangyin, there is a cloud "Wang Chunxin's cuckoo cries", which borrows the legend of cuckoo. It is said that shortly after Du Yu came to power, there was a flood in Shu, which depended on the enlightened management of the flood by the Prime Minister. Du Yu therefore "meditated" in the enlightenment and lived in seclusion in the Western Hills. Most of the demise here was a coup in the middle of Shu, and Du Yu was forced to abdicate. When Du Yu abdicated, it was February, which was the time when the cuckoo sang and the Shu people mourned the cuckoo sang. So the locals changed the cuckoo into a "cuckoo". Some people also say that azaleas are azaleas that turn red with crying blood. Later, people regarded the cuckoo's cry as "Zigui" and "Zigui", meaning homesickness.
Gold staff unearthed from Sanxingdui
Ming Kai, whose original name was Master Roshi, was recorded as Man Jing in Yang Xiong's Biography of the King of Shu. Turtle spirit went against the current, arrived in Shu, and was established as Shu Xiang. In the deluge, the turtle spirit "sets the Jade Mountain, and the people get peace". Today, there is a turtle country in Zunyi City and a turtle county in Qin, which may be related to the turtle spirit. After Master Roshi came to power, he was called "Congdi", established an enlightened dynasty and moved the capital to Chengdu.
The enlightened dynasty was also strong for a while. Legend has it that there were five Hercules in Shu at that time, who could move the mountains of Shu. Whenever King Shu died, Hercules would "erect a big stone, three feet long and weighing one thousand pounds as an epitaph." The legend of the Five Hercules may explain that there were five outstanding military wizards in Shu at that time. Because of their existence, Qin did not dare to attack Shu easily at that time.
Third, the demise of Shu has experienced a continuous development of 1500 years, and the Central Plains Dynasty has entered the Warring States period. In this era, all countries in the Central Plains have established strong centralization, completed political and economic reforms, and greatly enhanced their national economic and military strength. However, due to its high mountains and remote heights, Shu did not have much contact with the Central Plains, so Shu began to decline. The State of Qin in northern Shu is eyeing up and ready to attack.
According to the Records of Huayang Country, King Qin Huiwen once hunted in Hanzhong, which coincided with the appearance of King Shu, so he exchanged gifts with each other. However, when King Hui of Qin saw that Shu was rich in natural products, he decided to annex Shu. In 337 BC, King Huiwen of Qin officially proclaimed himself king, and the King of Shu sent messengers to congratulate Qin, who gave a beautiful woman to Wu Wang of Shu. King Shu sent five Hercules to the State of Qin to meet these five women. Legend has it that they met a python that entered the cave on the way. Five Hercules pulled the python, which eventually led to a landslide, killing five women and five strong men. This legend is described as "an earthquake broke and brave people were lost" in Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu".
Bronze homo erectus
Soon, the king of Shu divided his land into Hanzhong, which was called the king of Shu in history. But Hou's friendship with Pakistan is a feud of Shu. King Shu dispatched soldiers to behead Mao, who went into exile in Qin for help. Sima Cuo, a famous soldier at that time, thought that "if you get Shu, you will get Chu, and if Chu dies, the world will be unified", so King Qin Huiwen seized the civil strife in Shu and decided to temporarily destroy Shu. In 3 16 BC, Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi, the famous soldiers of Qin, led an army south to attack Bashu, and soon the King of Shu was defeated, and the enlightened dynasty perished. Subsequently, Shu and Pakistan were also destroyed by Qin.
After the demise of Shu, Qin began to establish a puppet regime. After the establishment, he became the duke of Shu, and Chen Zhuang, the minister of Qin, became the prime minister. In addition, Shu County was established, with Zhang Ruo as the county governor. 3 1 1 years ago, Chen Zhuang rebelled and killed Shu Hou. A year later, Gan Mao killed Chen Zhuang. After the Chen Zhuang Rebellion, the State of Qin named his son Shu Yunhou. Yun didn't want to be a puppet, so he offered a poisonous sacrifice to the king of Qin. His plot failed and Yun committed suicide. Qin also made his son Wan Hou of Shu. In the end, the king of Qin killed Wan on the grounds of rebellion, and took Li Bing as lord protector of Shu, which marked the final demise of Shu. The incorporation of Shu into the territory of Qin provided a stable rear area for Qin. Under the governance of Li Bing and others in Qin State, Shu County became a "land of abundance". The grain produced in Chengdu Plain provided economic guarantee for Qin's war of reunification.