Russia is rich in gold resources, with 3,000 tons of gold reserves and a reserve base of 3,500 tons. The gold content of most gold ores in Russia is 5 ~ 15g/ ton, or higher.
Russia's gold raw material base has the following remarkable characteristics, that is, about 25% of the proven gold reserves are placers (4% ~ 5% in the world). About half of the proven gold deposits are related to silver, and the rest (about 25%) are composite gold deposits related to non-ferrous metals. Gold is produced as a by-product. About 90% of gold-bearing metal deposits are concentrated in Siberia and the Far East (including the Republic of Sakha and Chukchi Autonomous Region), and the rest are in the Urals. According to the data of Russian Central Research Institute for Exploration and Design of Nonferrous Metals and Precious Metals Mining and local departments, the prospective reserves of gold-bearing metal deposits in the crust exceed 1 times of the proven reserves.
At present, about 70% of gold in Russia comes from placer mines. Magadan (accounting for 65,438+05% of Russian placer gold reserves and 25% of mining volume), Sakha * * * and China (22.5%, 20.3%) and Amur region (65,438+00.5%) are the main areas for placer gold reserves distribution and mining. These areas concentrate about 70% of placer gold reserves and 73% of placer gold mining.
Associated gold deposits are mainly distributed in Ural copper-zinc deposit and Yurilsk copper-nickel deposit.
Of the proven 180 gold deposits, only 75 are being mined, many of which have not yet reached the designed production scale. Among these mines, 7 deposits are super-large (each deposit contains more than100t of metal), accounting for about 30% of the total reserves of Russian metal mines. Only two of these deposits have been fully developed, and one is only partially developed, providing only about 10% gold ore in Russia. Twenty-five are large deposits (each from 10 ton to 100 ton), accounting for about 12% of Russia's gold reserves, of which 1 1 is being mined, providing more than 6% of gold ore. The remaining metal deposits, totaling about 150, belong to small-scale deposits (from several tons to 10 tons), and most of them have not been mined.
The main gold producing areas in Russia are Magadan, Sakha, krasnoyarskiy kray, Buryatia and Primorsky Krai, mainly concentrated in the Far East.
66. Gold mines in Magadan.
Magadan is the most important gold producing area in Russia and one of the largest gold producing areas in the world. Colimma River alone accounts for 65,438+0/3 of the Soviet Union's gold production. The gold mines in Magadan are mainly distributed in two areas: one is the middle and upper reaches of the Colimma River, and the gold mining centers are Jagnow Ye, Susuman and Usti-Omchug; Second, the Anuyi Chukchi area along the Arctic Ocean in Chukchi Autonomous Prefecture, that is, Bilibino Pivik area, with gold mining centers in Qingtuan Town, Bilibino, Viribish and Aliskrovo. The discovery and exploitation of gold deposits in the Korima Valley was the earliest, and some new gold-producing areas have been discovered in recent years. The gold deposits in this mining area are mainly distributed in Anuyi River Basin (mining started on 1958), Yichuweiyem River Basin (mining started on 1958), Reviyem River Basin, Bilikkhuuri River Basin, Amguema River Basin (mining started on 1958), the middle reaches of Anadel River and Omosa River. In addition, new placer gold deposits have been discovered in Korjak Plateau and other places. The gold content of Chukchi placer gold is 1.6 ~ 2.2 times higher than that in the central area of Magadan, and the cost of mining and gold panning is 20% lower than that in the central area. Magadan placer gold mine can be mined for many years. The state is also rich in rock gold deposits, but due to the high mining cost, the amount of underground gold mines only accounts for 3% ~ 5% of the total gold production.
The specific distribution areas and main enterprises of gold mines in this state;
(1) Magadan City. It was built in 1933 and 1939 due to the development of natural resources in Northeast China. Located at east longitude 150 50' and north latitude 59 35'. There is a "Northeast Gold Mining" production joint company in our city (address: Proletarian Street, Magadan City/685000, Kloc-0/2); "Northeast Gold Mine" Soviet-American Joint Venture Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in gold mining and enterprise design and transformation (address: Proletariat Street 1 No.365000, Magadan City). In addition, the city also has the Institute of Gold and Rare Metals under the Far East Science Center of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.
② Susuman City. It is located at east longitude148 20', north latitude 62 55', 650 kilometers away from Magadan, on the Bereohe River in kolyma river Valley. It is the center of the gold mining area. There are other mineral processing companies in the city (address: 6863 10, Shiluoji Town, Sussuman District, Magadan), with 3 100 employees. Susuman Mineral Processing Company (address: 6863 10, No.5 Wuyi Street, Susuman, Magadan) has 3,000 employees.
(3) Hezhe, Adega, belongs to Susuman District, located at146 30' E, 62° 55' N；; Gold is mined along the Magadan-Handega highway.
(4) Bailey Town. It belongs to Susuman District, and there is a town in 1965, which is 5 km away from Susuman City15, mining gold.
⑤ Burkunji Town. It belongs to Susuman District, located at east longitude 147 30' and north latitude 63 15'. Mining gold.
(6) Burhala Town. 1956 established a town. It is located at east longitude 149 and north latitude 62 40'. It is located 578 kilometers northwest of Magadan, along the Magadan-Handega Expressway. Mining gold.
(7) Bolshevik town. 1953 jianzhen, belonging to susuman district. Located at east longitude 147 35' and north latitude 62 40'; Follow the Magadan Handega Expressway. Mining gold.
(8) Upper Art uria Town. The town was founded in 1953, and belongs to Yee District of Jagnow. Located at east longitude150 45' and north latitude 62 45'; The area between the Jabin River and the Tuscan River (the left tributary of kolyma river). Mining gold.
(9) The town of Gastello. It belongs to Jian kinski District, and there is a town in 1953. Located at 148 E and 6 1 35 N, upstream of kolyma river. Mining gold.
(10) Jebin Town. It belongs to Yee District of Jagnow, and the town is at 1953. Located at east longitude 150 25' and north latitude 62 20', along the Magadan-Houdusse-Nyala Highway. Mining gold.
(1 1) Umitit Town. It belongs to Hasen District, town number 1953. It is located at east longitude 152 10' and north latitude 62 25' ... to mine gold.
(12) Karamken Town. 1957 jianzhen, which belongs to hasen district. It is located at east longitude 15 1 and north latitude 6010'. Mining precious gold. There is Karamken Mineral Processing Company in the town (address: 686 1 12, Karamken Town, Hasen District, Magadan).
(13) Omsukkang town. The town was established in 1953, the administrative center of Emu Sukchang District. It is located at east longitude 155 45' and north latitude 62 30' ... The town has Duquet Mine Dressing Company (address: 6864 10, No.2 Lenin Street, Omsukchang Town, Magadan), with 3,900 employees, dealing in precious metals.
(14) Omchak Town. The town was founded in 1953, which belongs to Jianjinsk District and was originally named Timoshenko. Located at east longitude 148 15' and north latitude 6 1 45'; Omchak River, located 392km northwest of Magadan. Mining gold.
(15) Palat card. The town was built in 1953, which is the center of Hasen administrative district. Located at east longitude 15 1 and north latitude 60 5'; Kerem Expressway, 87 kilometers north of Magadan. There are gold mines and silver mines in the town.
The town of Ust Omzug. 1953 to build the town and establish the administrative center of kinski district. It is located at149 40' e and 610' n, 27 1 km north of Magadan. The town is a gold mine center. The main enterprise is Jian kinski Mine Mineral Processing Company (address: 686050 Shengli Town, Ousti Omchug Town, Jian kinski District, Magadan Prefecture), with 3000 employees.
( 17) Kholodny。 1962 jianzhen, belonging to susuman district. Located at east longitude 148 10' and north latitude 62 55'; Along the Magadan-Ust-Nyala Expressway, 16km, it is located in the southwest of Susuman. There are Susuman mining and dressing combined processing plant and placer gold base in the city.
(18) Cyrocki Town. 1957 jianzhen, belonging to susuman district. Located at east longitude148 25' and north latitude 6310'; 702 kilometers north of Magadan. Mining gold. In the town, there is Bili Liaohe Mine Mineral Processing Company (address: 6863 10, Cyrocki Town, Susuman District, Magadan Prefecture), with 3 100 employees.
(19) Yezhen, Jagnow. 1953, town established, administrative center of Jagozinski district. It is located at east longitude 170 25' and north latitude 64 40' ... 542 kilometers northwest of Magadan, along the Magadan-Ust-Nyala Highway. One of the gold mining centers. There is a mineral processing company of Orotukan mine in the town (address: No.9, Center Street, Yagenoye Town, Jagodzinski District, Magadan), with 4,500 employees.
(20) The town of Bilibino. 1958 set up a town. The administrative center of Bilibino is located at east longitude166 20' and north latitude 68 05'. One of the gold mining centers in Chukchi Autonomous Prefecture. There is Bilibin Ski Mineral Processing Company in the town (address: 6865 10, No.6 Lenin Street, Bilibino Town, Chukchi District, Magadan).
(2 1)*** Qingtuan Town. 1953 established a town. It is located at east longitude 172 50', north latitude 69 10' ... one of the gold mining centers in Chukchi Autonomous Prefecture. There is a * * * Qingtuan Mineral Processing Company in the town (address: 6866 10, Qingtuan Town, Chawen District, Magadan Prefecture) with 2,700 employees.
(22) The town of Aliskrovo. 1962 established a town. It is located in one of the gold mining centers in Chukchi Autonomous Prefecture, east longitude 167 20' and north latitude 67 45'. Gold mining started at 196 1.
(23) Liulijing Town. 1954 established a town. It is located in the administrative center of Yili Jin District, east longitude 178 30' and north latitude 67 50'. There is a mineral processing company of Iuligin mine in the town (address: 6868 10, Iuligin town, Iuligin district, Magadan), with 30 employees.
(24) Pogliana Town. Also known as the polar town. 1973 established a town. It is located between east longitude 170 40' and north latitude 69 10' ... There is a poly any Mine Dressing Company in the town (address: 686839, poly any Town, Smitovsky District, Magadan) with 5,000 employees.
67. Gold mines in the Republic of Saha.
The Republic of Sakha is one of the important gold producing areas in Russia, and its gold production accounts for about 34% of Russia's total gold production. Reserves and output are second only to Magadan, ranking second in Russia. Gold mine is one of the earliest mines in Yakutia. Yakutia's gold deposits are mainly distributed in the Ardan River basin in the south, the Yana River basin in the north and the Usti-Nyala, Arah-Yun He gold-producing areas in the upper reaches of the Indigilka River in the south. The specific distribution areas of gold deposits in Saha * * and China are as follows:
(1) Yakutsk. The capital of Saha. 1643, called the city, is the military, political and commercial center of northeast Siberia, Russia. Located at east longitude 129 40', north latitude 62, on the Lena River, near Saizar Lake. The main enterprise is Yakutia Gold Production Joint Company (address: 677000, No.48 Lenin Street, Yakutsk), with 56,000 employees. Yakutsk All-Russian Diamond and Gold Production Automation Administration (address: 677000, No.40/5 Kinov Street, Yakutsk) has developed a unique measurement method in the gold mining industry, with 240 employees and an annual output value of 4 million rubles (1990).
(2) the city of Nerungri. 1975 said the city. This is the first residential area on Beia trunk line. It is located at east longitude 124 40' and north latitude 56 40' ... The city was established on the basis of developing coal mines, and gold is also mined. There is a gold mine complex in this city.
(3) Aldan. Established in 1939, administrative center of Oldan district. It is located at east longitude 125 25' and north latitude 58 35' ... The city is the economic and gold mining industrial center of South Yakutia.
(4) Alaheyun Town. Built in 1937. The town of Ustimaya is located on the bank of Alakexian River (Ardan River Basin), with east longitude 138 and north latitude 6 10. Mining sand for gold.
⑤ Kit Town, Brinda. 1974 jianzhen, belonging to the Mayan area of Ust. It is located in the southeast edge of Yakutia, with east longitude 137 25' and north latitude 60 5' ... mining gold.
(6) The town of Jeptatsky. 1958 set up a town. It is the administrative center of the Yana River Estuary. It is located at east longitude139 50' and north latitude 6915', at the foot of Yeshan Mountain in Seregni, and in the Yang Valley of Ilkic (Indigilka River Basin). Mining gold.
(7) Kulerei Town. 1965 Establish a town. Located at east longitude 134 30' and north latitude 7040'; 90 kilometers from Laptev coast. Mining gold.
(8) Liebie Town. 1969 set up a town. It belongs to Aldan District. Located at east longitude125 30' and north latitude 58 30'; Aldan Plateau, mining gold.
(9) Leninsky Town. 1932 established a town. It is located at east longitude 125 30' and north latitude 58 35' ... Oldan District is in the south of the town. Mining gold.
(10) Nierkan Town. 1964 established a town. It belongs to the Oymyakon district. Located at east longitude 143 and north latitude 64 21'; At the foot of Stabet Mountain in tasker, on the banks of Uran-Tarun-Yuriya River (Indigilka River Basin). Mining gold.
(11) The town of Borozhne in Priede. Founded in 196 1, the town belongs to Oyimiyakang District. Located at east longitude143 30' and north latitude 62 25'; Right bank of the Indigir River. Mining gold.
(12) Solnechi Town. 1972 set up a town. It is the administrative center of Ustmaya district. Located at east longitude 137 35' and north latitude 60 20'; 660 kilometers from Yakutsk. Mining diamonds and gold.
(13) town of ustiniera. 1950 Establish a town. It is the administrative center of Oymyakon district. Located at east longitude15136' and north latitude 6155'; It is located at the confluence of the Indigilka River in Nyala River basin, 865 kilometers away from Yakutsk. There are mineral processing and gold processing enterprises.
(14) Chageda Town. The town was founded in 194 1. It belongs to Aldan District. It is located at east longitude 130 40' and north latitude 58 45' ... The pier is on the right bank of Ardan River. Near the source of the Uthur River into the Aldan estuary. Mining gold.
(15) Chansky Town, Enecker. 1940 Establish a town. It belongs to the region of Ustia Maya. It is located 47 1 km southeast of Yakutsk and 176 km east of Usmaya town. Mining gold.
68. Gold mines in kamchatka peninsula.
In the early 1960s, the first batch of placer gold mines were discovered between the Central Kamchatka region, the Central Awacha region and the Zuoawacha River. The placer gold mine in Yelizhuowo area has the highest value, and Kamenist gold mine has been built. There are placer and rock gold deposits in the inner mountains of Sredin (Bestla and Yicha River basins), the western Kamchatka lowlands (Covena and Gigiri River basins in Oblu) and Keshan in Colia, and there are also gold deposits in Milikovo. The specific distribution areas and enterprises are as follows:
(1) Yelizhuowo City. 1924 was called Zavoik before, and 1975 was called the city before. It is the administrative center of Yelizhovo district. Awacha River is located at east longitude 158 20' and north latitude 53 10', 32km northwest of Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka. Mining gold.
② Milikovo Town. The administrative center of Milikovo District is located at east longitude158 40' and north latitude 54 40'. Mining gold.
69. Gold mines in Khabarovsk Krai
Khabarovsk Krai is active in five gold mining sites and Primor Zorroto production company, which is a mining and beneficiation site located in Amursk, Lower Yukon State. Mining platinum and by-product gold from Congil placer gold mine. There are gold mines with industrial mining value in Nikolayevsk, Okhotsk and Ayamaya regions. In addition, there are gold mines in Vanino, Tugur-Chumikan, Osipenko and Upper Breria. There are placer gold in amur river and the lower reaches of Amu Darya. The specific distribution areas and enterprises of gold mines in this border area are as follows:
(1) Khabarovsk city. The administrative center and homonymy area of Khabarovsk Krai. Built in 1858, also known as Boli. Founded in 1880, 1893 was renamed. Located on Amur River in Heilongjiang, east longitude 135, north latitude 48 30. It is 8533 kilometers from Moscow. There are gold mining and processing industries. There is Binhai Gold Production Joint Company (address: 28A Shevchuk Street, Khabarovsk, 680007) with more than 2,400 employees.
② Sofisk Town. 1942 established a town. It belongs to Upper Breglia. It is located at 134 E and 52 18' N, on the Olga River (amur river Valley), and is 70 km away from Ulga Railway Station/kloc-0. Mining gold.
(Akanjaskye town. Located in the northern part of Baha 'i Roske region, east longitude 142 50' and north latitude 60 02'. At present, the mine construction has been completed, specializing in platinum production.
70. Gold mines in Amur region
The gold producing areas in this state are mainly distributed in Tengda District, Sheremja District, Jieya District and Mazanovo District. The state mainly mines gold placer. The larger gold mining company is Amur Zorroto, which has five mining plants, and the mining machinery mainly uses dredgers. In Blagoveshchensk, the gold geological laboratory is engaged in gold geological science research. The specific distribution areas and enterprises of gold mines in this state are as follows:
(1) Jieya City. Founded in the 1970s in 19, the city was established in 1906, which is the administrative center of Jieyang area and the main city along the North Arab Railway. It is located at east longitude 127 15', north latitude 53 45' and 532km away from Blagoveshchensk. From 65438 to 70' s, there were gold mining industries in Jieya River Basin, and there were enterprises engaged in gold mining in the city.
② The town of Ustovsk, Zlato. The town was established in 1942 and belongs to Sheremja district. It is located at east longitude133 30' and north latitude 53. In the northeast of Amur, on the Kharja River (a tributary of the Sheremja River). 56 1 km from Svobodnje Railway Station, located in the northeast of the city. Some enterprises mine gold.
(3) Maisky. The town was founded in 1939 and belongs to Mazanovo District. It is located at east longitude 140 10', north latitude 52 20', 9 kilometers away from the Sheregam River, and northeast of Svobodnje 19 1 km. The town has a gold mining industry.
④ October Town. The town was founded in 1939 and belongs to Jieyang District. It is located at east longitude128 40' and north latitude 53. 250 kilometers from Tegeda Railway Station. The town has a gold mining industry.
⑤ The town of Solovtusk. Town organizational system 1934, which belongs to Tengda District. It is located at east longitude 124 20' and north latitude 54 15' ... It is located 29 kilometers northeast of Grand Nevel Railway Station and on the Amur-Yakutia highway trunk line. The town has a gold mining industry.
(6) Ba Town, Stoj. The town was established in 1942 and belongs to Sheremja district. Located at east longitude 124 20' and north latitude 52 50'; The right bank of Seremja River (amur river Valley) is 378km away from Svobodnje Railway Station. There are gold mines nearby.
7 1. Gold deposits in Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai is also one of the important gold producing areas in the Far East, with an annual gold mining capacity of about 2 tons. Its buried amount is relatively small in other areas. The main enterprise is Binhai Gold Mine Joint Company (address: 692 13 1) to mine sand gold.
72. Yenisei mountain placer gold mine
The eastern part of the middle and upper reaches of Yenisei River includes placer gold mines such as North Yenisesk, Novoroillinsk, South Yenisesk, Moscow and Altier, with a deposit reserve of 460 tons and a grade of 0.8 ~ 2g/ ton. The mine is mined by gold miners with an annual output of about 25 tons of gold.
73. Bodbo placer gold mine
The deposits in the upper reaches of Lena River and Weijim River basin are alluvial gold deposits. The placer gold enrichment area is 10 ~ 20m wide and hundreds of meters long, with an average thickness of 1m (the maximum thickness can reach 5m). Most gold particles are about 3 mm in diameter, and massive gold is also common. Besides sand mining, vein gold is also being mined. Accumulated reserves reach 1200 tons. Mining with 15 multi-bucket large gold mining boat, it is said that this mine uses the largest gold mining boat in the world.
74. Ardan placer gold mine
Ardan River Basin, 450 kilometers southwest of Yakutia. Alluvial placer gold deposit. The resource reserve is 80 tons, which has been mined.
75. Laheyun placer gold mine
450 kilometers southeast of Yakutia, there is an alluvial placer gold deposit with a resource reserve of 350 tons. The gold deposits are mainly distributed in the tributaries of Ardan River, Ala Yun He, Trey River and the upper reaches of Yudoma River. Mining with gold miners.
76.Janakolema placer gold mine
Magadan is 250 ~ 1000 kilometers northwest, and the ore belt extends to the northwest, 750 kilometers from Kolema River to Yana River. This is an alluvial gold placer deposit. The resource reserve is 600 tons, which is mined by gold mining vessels. In addition to natural gold, the mine also contains cassiterite, wolframite and scheelite.
77. Chavin and Yichuweiyem placer gold mines in Ivern.
There are alluvial gold deposits near Bivic on the coast of the Arctic Ocean, with a resource reserve of 50 tons. Ore-bearing beds are distributed on the coast and offshore islands. Besides natural gold, there is cassiterite. Tin reserves can reach 500 tons. This mine is an old one.
78. Amur placer gold mine
In the middle reaches of amur river, the mining area includes some tributaries of the middle reaches of amur river, such as Jaya River, Bria River and Sheremja River. Alluvial placer gold mine with a resource reserve of 5445 tons. This mine is an old one.
79. Menozelsk gold mine
Located in Ural Mountain, it is an associated gold mine, with gold grade per ton 1.56g and copper and zinc grade 1%. Underground mining, the annual output of gold is 1.2 tons.
80. Pisma Cliftonsk Gold Mine
Near sverdlovsk. Associated gold ore with grade of1.09g/ton ore. The ore consists of pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, with copper 1% ~ 2%. Open and underground mining, with an annual output of 2 tons of gold.
8 1. Bai Xi Gold Mine
290km northeast of orenburg, there is an associated gold mine with a grade of 0.93g per ton. The ore consists of pyrite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and contains 0.8% copper. It is mined in the open pit with an annual output of 2 tons of gold.
82. Garque Gold Mine
40 kilometers north of Orsk, there is an associated gold mine with grade 1.24. This mineral is a mixture of bornite, galena and telluride. Open-pit mining and underground mining have an annual output of 5 tons of gold.
83. Hakan Za Gold Mine.
Located in the volcanic belt of Chuketka, Okhotsk, it is a typical representative of gold-silver combined ore. Gold and silver are distributed in the form of rich ore bodies. The gold particles are as fine as 0.3 mm, and the gold nuggets are irregular blocks, as well as spongy, linear and veinlet gold.
84. Kuranak Gold Mine
Located in the Ardan River basin. Gold particles can reach 0.5 ~ 10 mm, and there are massive or rod-shaped gold with a fineness of 900 ~ 923.
85. Non-metallic minerals in Russia
Russian nonmetallic minerals include phosphorus, salt, asbestos, graphite and diamonds.
Apatite is mainly distributed in kola peninsula, where there is the largest apatite mine in the world. In addition, there are Buryatia Autonomous Republic and krasnoyarskiy kray in Eastern Siberia, Khabarovsk Krai and Yakutia Autonomous Republic in the Far East. Yakutia Autonomous Republic, Irkutsk Region, Altai Territory and omsk region are rich in salt.
Asbestos is mainly distributed in Urals and other places. Mologiozienne asbestos mine in Buryatia Autonomous Region and China is a world-famous long-fiber asbestos mine.
Graphite is mainly distributed in Irkutsk region, Khabarovsk Krai and Primorsky Krai.
Yakutia Autonomous Republic is a world-famous diamond producing area.
Building materials include clay, granite, limestone and quartzite. Building materials in Siberia and the Far East are mainly distributed in Buryatia Autonomous Republic, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai, Magadan, Yakutia Autonomous Republic, Kamchatka and Amur.
86. The value of Russian mineral resources
The total value of all natural resources in Russia is about $300 trillion; Among them, the proven resource reserves are worth about 30 trillion US dollars, ranking first in the world. The proven natural resources reserves in the United States are worth $65,438+00 trillion, $5 trillion in China and $2.5 trillion in Western Europe.