Four periods of ancient Greek literature

Hippo era, Homer epic, Great Migration era and Fable era are four periods. "Hippo Age" is a transitional period and a turning point of ancient Greek culture. The main literary works of this period are myths and epics. In the history of European literature, ancient Greek mythology appeared earlier, and its characteristics are as follows: first, it was directly created by the ancient Greeks orally; Second, the content covers a wide range. Because it is composed of fairy tales and the legend of heroes, its clan color is also very obvious. No matter in China or ancient Greece, the position of myth is very important, which is the ideological wisdom of the ancients; The difference lies in the different understanding of God and so on. The god of ancient Greece, in layman's terms, is man; The god of our country appears in the image of half man and half beast. The productivity of ancient Greece was underdeveloped and lacked cognition, so the external world that they could not contact could only be explained by their own fantasies. In ancient Greek mythology, a lot of stories are about hunting, grazing and sailing, which are basic production and living activities. At that time, class had not yet appeared, and the fundamental contradiction was the contradiction between man and nature. Ancient Greek mythology reflects this contradiction and many characteristics of patriarchy. They are like a big family and have a noble status. Everyone thinks this is very important. The influence of ancient Greek mythology is also very far-reaching and has far-reaching artistic value. Its artistic characteristics are mainly three points: first, its imagination is extremely strong; Second, the story is extremely strong; Third, it is very philosophical. Homer's epic is inspired by ancient Greek mythology, and other works of art are also based on it. Most of the works of some poets are based on ancient Greek mythology, and ancient Roman literature is no exception. The Renaissance and classicism of later generations consciously formed a trend-attaching importance to ancient Greek culture; There are also many drama writers and artists whose creations are inspired by ancient Greek mythology. The peak of ancient Greek literature is Homer's epic, which promoted the development of ancient Greek culture. Homer's epic has reached a superb level in writing methods and skills from the beginning, and it uses myths to express specific historical content. People who study Homer's epic believe that the hero in it is a hero who appeared during the war, and Homer's epic is a summary of the heroic deeds of ancient Greece. This epic is large in scale and rich in content, describing all aspects of people's social life in difficult times and their current mental outlook. Homer's epic plays an important role in the Greek mind. This is an encyclopedia. The epic reflects the simplicity and kindness of the ancient Greeks through the description of the gods. Show their values by describing a series of heroes; Through the description of the relationship between man and fate, the tragic color in ancient Greek culture has been reflected. What people admire is their innate fighting spirit. They are brave and tenacious, trying their best to survive. It can be said that the ancient Greeks were really avant-garde and walked in the forefront of the times. Homer is not only a poet, but also a designer and an outstanding designer. He has his own ideas, and theme handling and layout are his strengths. He is good at portraying characters and has his own characteristics in narration. He is a true master of language. With the appearance of Homer's epic, narrative poems have also appeared one after another. Compared with Homer's epic, it has the same meter and dialect, but it is completely different from Homer's epic in content. Work and Time is a teaching poem. At that time, because the author's younger brother didn't do his job well and relied on the rights of local aristocrats to win his due property, he specially wrote this poem to persuade his younger brother to take the upright labor road instead of taking advantage of detours. At the same time, it also reflected the social phenomenon that the nobles oppressed the bottom farmers at that time. The author's Divine Spectrum is about the origin of the gods. He collected many ancient legends and tried to form a complete system. In the era of great immigration, with the first formal social organization of mankind-clan system, with its further disintegration, the slave-owner city-state began to form slowly. At this time, it is a world of lyrics and fables. The lyrics were originally folk songs, which were sung with music, similar to China's ancient poems. Due to the reorganization of social structure, people's consciousness and emotion have changed, individual consciousness has been enhanced, and people have paid more attention to their emotional world, so lyric poetry has developed. Lyric poetry, as its name implies, is a kind of poetry that expresses inner feelings. Its genre is similar to that of China's poems, and it is also diverse, mainly including Qin Ge, with Qin Ge as the greatest achievement. Qin Ge can be divided into chorus and solo. Pindar is the representative poet of the chorus Qin Ge, and Sappho, a famous poetess at that time, is the representative figure of solo. Her works mainly express personal feelings. She likes to write some love poems, and also wrote poems related to maternal love and friendship. Her poems are very simple and natural in language expression, but they do not affect her feelings. She is a well-deserved "tenth goddess of literature and art". At that time, there was another poem called "Anacreon Style", which was a poem praising the joy of life and nature. While expressing emotion, there is another cultural form circulating among Greek people, and that is fable. The main content of fable is the life of animals, not the life of two animals, but the life of many animals. Aesop's Fables is the work of the bottom people, the concentrated expression of their thoughts and feelings, and the summary of their experiences and lessons. In writing techniques, personification is adopted, animals are written as adults, which endows animals with humanity and has the color of folk literature. Among them, the famous fables are wolf and sheep, tortoise and rabbit race, crow and fox, farmer and snake. I think these famous stories are familiar to everyone. Although brief, it contains profound philosophy, with clear educational significance, easy to understand and can make people think. Source: Peer Inspirational Social Science Edition