Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems and outlook on life

In the ancient traditional culture of China, people generally despised forced labor and looked down on agricultural labor, not to mention discovering poetic feelings in agricultural production and feelings and experiences after participating in labor. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the style of conversation prevailed, and the talker was elegant in not dyeing affairs and fashionable in staying away from labor. In Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, landscape poems prevailed, but the pastoral poems of Acura were greatly inferior. Some people regard "landscape poetry" as the orientation of Tao Yuanming, ignoring his own unique value. Mr. Zhu Ziqing thinks that pastoral is Tao Yuanming's original creation. Tao Yuanming's nature and landscape are different from those of Xie Lingyun and others. Nature here is not only a beautiful mountain and a natural way of life, but also a second nature of aesthetics and culture. Aesthetic function is very important for Tao Yuanming to make individual spirit quiet and detached. Therefore, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry is not only a question of expanding the field of poetry theme, nor is it a question of putting down the shelf of a literate person to communicate with the villagers. It embodies the characteristics of a literate person-real farmers will not regard facing the loess as a kind of enjoyment. The countryside in Tao Yuanming's eyes is no longer the life circle of Confucius disciples, swordsman, elegant family, farmer and wild old man in Qing Tan Jacques's eyes. In his eyes, the countryside is already a beautiful countryside that filters out the desolation and ruins brought by war, the hardships of ploughing and hoeing, simple food and poverty in plain clothes, and shabby clothes. I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields. The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. What a beautiful scenery! Pastoral life has become a simple and practical poetic life. Only this kind of psychological construction can make him resolutely get out of the physical comfort and mental suffocation of being an official (a form of "being locked in a cage for a long time" and "serving with the heart") and devote himself to the hardships and hardships in the countryside ("planting beans at the foot of Nanshan, the grass is full of beans and seedlings are sparse"). In the morning, I will treat the waste and take Yuelian home. ") and the spirit is happy ("return to nature ",of course, the nature here is already natural in the aesthetic sense, as the article says). Third, the significance of literature to Tao Yuanming, who lives in reading and writing. Literature is of great significance to Tao Yuanming's life. Since Tao Yuanming, literary aesthetics, as a way of individual spiritual peace and detachment, has had a far-reaching impact on later literati. In the Biography of Mr. May 6th, there is a saying, "Quiet and quiet, don't envy Li Rong." Good at reading, not asking for answers, forgetting to eat every time I know something. ..... I often amuse myself by writing articles, which shows my ambition. Regardless of gains and losses, die because of it. ..... The phrase "I write poetry seriously to enjoy my ambition" appropriately and skillfully reflects the characteristics of literary consciousness of the times, and also touches the literary heartstrings of later literati. Tao Yuanming didn't want to suffer from the prison again, so he went to be an official and retired to the countryside. If the pursuit of purity, simplicity, truth-seeking, truth-seeking, integration into nature and integration into the countryside is enough to meet the spiritual needs, then the education of children will be much simpler and can be led by the nose by the most natural and primitive lifestyle. However, Tao Yuanming is not so detached, and the education of his children is bothering him. Look at the poem "Responsibility": "White hair is around the temples, and the skin is not solid. /kloc-there are five men at the age of 0/8, and writing is always bad. Shu is twenty-eight years old, lazy and horseless. A Xing Xuan Tzu Chi scholar, not Wen Shu. Duan Yong is thirteen years old. I don't know if he is six or seven. Tung trees are nine years old, but they look for pears and chestnuts. If the sky is so lucky, it will be in the cup. " Because of its simplicity, it is not a rejection of knowledge, but his "true meaning" and "modesty" have undergone aesthetic processing. Therefore, a literary life is Tao Yuanming's chicken soup for the soul. From this, it is not difficult for us to understand why Tao Yuanming is so annoyed that his son doesn't like reading. Because reading and writing has become a way of life in Tao Yuanming. He doesn't want his children to be really "stupid". Of course, he also wants his children to understand aesthetics. Tao Yuanming's aesthetic attitude towards life has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi can find the shadow of Tao Yuanming, while Su Shi is an admirer of Tao Yuanming and a typical example of living with an aesthetic attitude. Su Shi even regarded himself as an aesthetic object, and his unfortunate experience of being constantly relegated became rich literary material in his works, which he was willing to take as a topic. We understand Tao Yuanming's life from an aesthetic point of view, so as to deepen our understanding of the aesthetic function of literature and facilitate aesthetic education and literature education for middle school students.