Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river.
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"a night-mooring near maple bridge" describes an autumn night, when a poet berthed at Fengqiao outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of autumn night in Jiangnan water town attracted this wanderer with travel worries, which made him appreciate a meaningful poetic beauty and wrote this poem with far-reaching artistic conception. Expressed the poet's lonely and sad thoughts and feelings during his journey.
Why did the poet stay up all night? The first sentence wrote three closely related scenes: the setting of the moon, crows and the frosty sky. The first quarter moon rises early, and the setting of the moon is the dawn, and the birds in the tree will also crow at dawn. The autumn frost soaked the bones and muscles and surrounded the poet's boat from all directions, making him feel that the vast night sky outside was filled with frost. In the second sentence, the poet stayed up all night with Jiang Feng and Yu Huo.
Summary: The first two sentences describe six scenes, namely, the setting of the moon, crows, frosty sky, river maple, fishing fire, and sleepless guests on board. The last two sentences only describe the scene of Meng Xun ringing the bell and boarding the boat at Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City. The first two sentences were seen by the poet, and the last two sentences were heard by the poet. In the silent night, I suddenly heard the distant bell. How did the poet feel when he stayed up all night? Facing the Jiang Feng fishing fire wandering in the frosty night, I felt a faint sadness. The midnight bell not only set off the silence of the night, but also revealed the depth of the night. Needless to say, the poet felt all kinds of unspeakable feelings when he was lying listening to the bell.
This poem is written in flashback, first writing the scene at dawn, and then recalling the scene last night and the midnight bell. The whole poem is full of colorful feelings and scenes.
What's the next sentence when the frost falls on the Jingmen River and the trees are empty?
What's the next sentence when the frost falls on the Jingmen River and the trees are empty?
Frost falls on the Jingmen River and trees are empty.
All poems are
Xiaqiu Jingmen
[Li Bai]
First frost Jingmen River is empty. The canvas is safe and hanging in the autumn wind.
This trip is not for buzz. Love famous mountains and enter deep mountains.
Appreciation of whole poem
This poem was written by the author when he left Jingmen in the autumn of the 13th year of Kaiyuan (AD 725). The poem is full of people who are eager to explore and win, such as Li Bai, loafer and wuyue.
Note (1), the river tree is empty, and all the leaves of the river tree have been taken by first frost.
2 cloth sails. According to the biography of Gu Kaizhi in the Book of Jin, Gu Kaizhi, a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once served as an adjutant in Yin Zhong, the secretariat of Jingzhou, and once asked for leave to return to the East. Yin Zhongkan specially lent him cloth sails. When Gu Kaizhi went to Jiangling, he was caught in a strong wind. In his letter to Yin Zhongkan, he mentioned his encounter with the wind, and said: pedestrians are safe, so are sails. This allusion is used here to indicate a safe journey.
(3) Perch, Hans Zhang, a native of the Western Jin Dynasty, saw the autumn wind and thought that the water shield soup and perch in his hometown were delicious, so he resigned and went home. See "Notes on New Stories of the World".
4. Hey, the name of the county, now Sheng County, Zhejiang Province.
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The mountain named Jingmen is located on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province, across the river from Huya Mountain. The Warring States period was the west gate of Chu State. Taking a boat east to Jingmen means bidding farewell to Bashan and Shushui. This poem was written by the poet when he first went to Sichuan. The longing for a better future and the fantasy of a new and beautiful world enabled him to overcome his attachment to Mount Emei and pursue his ideal future enthusiastically. This poem is full of positive and romantic enthusiasm.
The first sentence is to write about the scenery, and at the same time point out the autumn and Jingmen in the topic. Jingmen Mountain used to be densely forested and full of green leaves. Now, under the frost in Qiu Lai, the leaves are scattered all over the floor and my eyes are empty. Because of the empty mountains, the river is wider. This empty word vividly depicts the beautiful scenery, clear heaven and earth, boundless and lofty scene, without the feeling of bleak decline.
In the second sentence, the canvas hangs safely in the autumn wind, bearing the word "Jiang" and secretly pointing out the words. Gu Kaizhi, a great painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, asked for leave to join the army of the shogunate in Yin Zhongkan, Jingzhou. Zhong Kan specially lent the cloth sail to him. When he met a strong wind on the way, he opened a branch and wrote to Yin, saying that pedestrians were safe and the cloth sail was safe. Here, the allusion of canvas safety is borrowed, which not only shows that the poet's journey is safe, but also means smooth sailing and helping others. This autumn wind scene in "The Original Boat is 300 Li" vividly shows the poet's unparalleled optimism and relief.
Hans Zhang Jiangdong, when the autumn wind. The third sentence of the poem comes from the autumn wind of the second sentence. According to legend, Zhang, a native of Wu, was an official in Luoyang in the Western Jin Dynasty. Seeing the autumn wind, he remembered the soup and perch in his hometown and said, "Life is too expensive for your ears. How can you stay thousands of miles away and become famous? " I was ordered to drive home. Li Bai's trip was in autumn, and the ship sailed towards the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which reminded him of the story of Hans Zhang. But he claimed that this trip was not for silver carp, but the purpose of this trip was different from that of Hans Zhang, and he was far from home. This reversal not only makes the poem ups and downs, but also urgently calls on the following people to love famous mountains and walk into them. Among shn fans, there are many beautiful mountains and rivers in Sheng County, Zhejiang Province today. The word "self" in the sentence echoes the word "inaction" in the previous sentence, and the two sentences are closely linked, which enhances the emotional color.
What is the last sentence on the flowing water of the small bridge?
The last sentence on the flowing water of the small bridge is dead vine and old tree.
From Ma Zhiyuan's Jing Tian Sha Qiu Si in Yuan Dynasty.
The whole poem is as follows:
Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
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This poem is very short, with only five sentences and twenty-eight words, but it depicts a bleak and moving picture of the autumn suburbs, and accurately conveys the miserable mood of travelers. This successful work embodies the artistic features of China's classical poetry in many aspects.
First, borrowing scenery to express emotion, containing feelings in the scenery, constitutes a bleak and miserable artistic conception in the blending of scenery and feelings.
China's classical poems attach great importance to the creation of artistic conception. Artistic conception is an important category in the aesthetics of China's classical poetry, and its essential feature lies in the blending of scene and scene and the unity of mind and matter. Whether emotion and scenery can be well combined becomes the key to the formation of artistic conception. Wang Qingfuzhi's Poems on Xuanzhai said: Although there are two names of scenery, they are inseparable. God is infinite to poets. Wang Guowei's abridged draft of human ci says: all scenery words are sentimental words. In Ma Zhiyuan's poems, the first four sentences are all about scenery, and these scenery words are all about love. The words "old and faint" make the rich autumn scenery contain infinite sadness and bitterness. The last sentence of "Tianya heartbroken man" is even more wonderful as curved eyes, which makes the scenery described in the first four sentences become the environment for people's activities and the sad fuse of "Tianya heartbroken man". The scenery on the song is not only what Ma Zhiyuan saw during his trip, but also what he saw in his eyes. But at the same time, it is its emotional carrier and an inner thing. The whole song is full of emotion and scenery, which constitutes a touching artistic realm.
Secondly, many dense images are used to express the author's pain and hatred of autumn during the journey, which makes the work full of rich poetry.
Image refers to the artistic image used to convey the author's feelings and contain the author's thoughts in poetry. China's classical poetry is characterized by the complex and intensive use of images. Many poets in ancient China often arranged numerous images closely in their poems to express their thoughts. This song by Ma Zhiyuan clearly embodies this feature. There are ten kinds of images in just 28 words, which are not only the real environment of heartbroken people's life, but also the carrier of his heavy sadness. Without these pictures, this song would not exist.
Coexisting with the complexity of images is the singleness of image expression. In the same work, the status of different images is relatively balanced, and there are no deliberately prominent individuals, and their emotional orientations tend to be consistent, that is, many images often convey the same emotional tone of the author. So is this song. In order to express his melancholy and sentimental feelings, the author chose many images in his poems. These images can convey the author's inner feelings, and the combination of emotion and scenery makes the emotional orientation of images in the works consistent and single. Numerous images are connected in series by the clues of the author's same emotion, forming a complete picture.
The combination of complexity and singleness of images is an important reason why China's classical poems are profound, harmonious and poetic.
The arrangement of images in classical poetry often has the characteristics of many but not chaotic and distinct levels, which is because the author is used to arranging images in normal time and space order.
Today, some people call Ma Zhiyuan's Jing Tian Sha Qiu Si a juxtaposed image. In fact, there is still a certain order of juxtaposition. There are ten images in the whole song, and the first nine are naturally divided into three groups. Vines bound trees, crows falling on trees, the first group arranged from bottom to top; The second group is arranged from near to far; The ancient post road and the west wind thin horse on the road, the third group is arranged from a distance to the present, with a slight change in the middle. Because of the touch of the west wind written in the middle, the description angle is changed, thus increasing the sense of image jumping, but this kind of jumping is still partial and not beyond the scope of autumn scenery. The last image, the sunset, is the background of the whole song, and the first nine images are taken into account to create an empty scene. Because it is also the product of seeing far, the works as a whole also show the spatial arrangement order from near to far. From the old tree to the flowing water, to the ancient road, and then to the sunset, the author's vision is expanding step by step. This is also one of the manifestations of image order.
Thirdly, he is good at processing and refining, and draws a wandering journey in late autumn with extremely concise painting.
The images in Ma Zhiyuan's poem Tianjingsha Qiu Si are not novel. Among them, the word "Ancient Road" first appeared in the word "Qin Yi E Xiao Sheng Yan" signed by Li Bai on the clear autumn festival in Leyuan Scenic Area, and Xianyang Ancient Road is absolutely famous. Zhang Song-Yan's "Wan Li in the Pot" also includes the Old Liuguan River, the ancient setting sun road, and the wind and waves are still straight.
In Dong Jieyuan's "The West Chamber", there is a song called Lu Xian Shang Huashi: The sunset makes the forest quiet, the night cries, and the sleeves of the wind flutter and blow the thin horse. Once upon a time, the ancient shore was desolate, and the vegetation was withered and frosted. I caught a glimpse of a lonely Duan Lin in the photo, which was covered with shallow sand. An old man caught shrimp and ran across the bridge. The hut set off the flowers. Among them, six images appear in the maqu.
In the Yuan Dynasty, there was also an anonymous poem "Drunken Zhongtian" (see Yuefu New Sound): an old tree hangs vines, and the sunset glow reflects the sunset. There is a faint sound in the forest. The mountains are picturesque, and I'm too lazy to whip the thin horse. When the sun goes down, people live in bamboo houses. There are also six images like Maqu.
Obviously, drunk Zhongtian is detached from Shang Huashi, and there are still traces of simulation. Although there are many similarities between the images in the two songs and Ma Qu, they are not as simple, natural and refined as Tian Jing Sha Qiu Si.
Undoubtedly, Ma Zhiyuan was influenced and inspired by Dong Qu when he wrote Tianjingsha Qiu Si, but he did not blindly imitate it, but recreated it according to his own life experience and aesthetic vision. In the choice of scenery, in order to highlight and strengthen the sad feelings, he chose ten images that can best reflect the sad and depressing scenery in autumn and the lonely and melancholy feelings of travelers, and concentrated his feelings in these ten images, finally revealing the theme of the whole song with a touch of sunshine. He deleted some beautiful scenery, but it was not consistent with the feelings expressed. For example, the thatched cottage reflects flowers, the sunset glow reflects the sunset, and the area is picturesque, which makes the image of the whole song unified in expressing emotions.
On the tempering of words and phrases, Ma Zhiyuan fully demonstrated his talent. The first three sentences are eighteen words, all nouns and adjectives, without verbs. The relationship between various scenes and their respective dynamics and forms depends on the reader's understanding according to the organization and arrangement order of images and his own life experience. This wonderful way of using words was really rare in ancient times. In Wen's "Walking in the Morning", chickens crow and the moon crows, and the frost on the Banqiao is similar to that of Maqu, but its capacity is still not as large as that of Maqu. The conciseness of the words used in Marqu can't be further reduced. One of the reasons for Jing Tian Sha Qiu Si's artistic success is to express rich emotions with the least language.
Fourthly, the aesthetic emotional experience of sad autumn is adopted to express the sadness of wanderers, so that personal feelings can gain universal social significance.
Sad autumn is a sad and sad emotional experience when people face autumn scenery. Because autumn scenery (especially in late autumn) is mostly cold, bleak and gloomy, accompanied by dusk, sunset, fallen leaves and dead branches, it becomes a symbol of the decline of all things. Therefore, on the one hand, autumn scenery can really give people a sense of physical coldness, on the other hand, it can also trigger all kinds of sadness inherent in people's hearts. Song Yu initiated China's sentimental literature with sad autumn as the main form of aesthetic experience. He expressed his frustration with his career by describing the bleak scene of plants dying in autumn. He described his bitter and sad feelings in the face of autumn as if he were traveling in a distant place. If he traveled in a distant place, he would be lonely and have no friends. This shows that there are similarities in emotional experience between Sad Autumn and Sad Journey. After Song Yu, mourning for autumn gradually became one of the most common aesthetic experience forms of China literati, and it was closely linked with the sigh of life experience. Du Fu, I came from three thousand miles away. Sadness now and autumn is an example. So are Ma Zhiyuan's poems. Although the image in the song is not novel and the emotion expressed is not novel, because it expresses a traditional emotional experience of China literati with refined artistic expression, it has gained immortal vitality and can arouse the admiration of later literati.
From the above analysis, we can see that Tianjingsha Qiu Si belongs to one of the most mature works in China's classical poetry. Although it belongs to Quti, it actually embodies the artistic features of China's classical poetry in many aspects.
The last sentence: What is the river as green as blue in spring?
In spring, the river is as green as blue, and the last sentence is that the sunrise makes the river red over the fire.
The whole poem is as follows:
Dreamed of the south bank
Tang Bai Juyi
Jiangnan is good,
The scenery used to be familiar.
At sunrise, the red flowers in the river win the fire.
In spring, the river is as green as blue.
Can you not remember Jiangnan?
translate
Jiangnan is a good place, and I am familiar with the scenery there. At sunrise, the riverside safflower is brighter than the fire. In spring, a river with green water seems to be saturated with blue grass. How can people not always miss the beautiful south of the Yangtze River?
To annotate ...
(1) Yi Jiangnan: the name of the monument. According to Yuefu Miscellanies, this word is also called Xie Qiuniang, which was written by Tang Li Deyu for the late Xie Qiuniang. Also known as "Looking at Jiangnan" and "Dreaming of Jiangnan". It can be divided into single tone and double tone. Monotonous 27 words, double withered 54 words, all flat rhyme. Memory: nostalgia.
⑵ Familiarity: Familiarity.
(3) River flowers: flowers by the river. I am talking about the waves in the river.
(4) Blue: A plant with blue-green leaves and blue grass, which can be used to make dyes.