1: the reflection of the "extreme left" side. The People's Daily (1.07,57) published some views of Chen and others on current literature and art, and pointed out that the direction of workers, peasants and soldiers was despised, and there were few major themes, and petty-bourgeois sentiments such as housework and children's affection appeared in large numbers. Therefore, after a hundred flowers blossom, it is rare to see a hundred flowers blossom. This is a retrogression and a challenge to Mao Zedong's "two-take-one policy" in literature and art, and it is put forward that "we have the responsibility to defend the two-take-one policy".
Mao Zedong published the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend" in response to this article, and criticized its mistakes, thinking that this article was anti-Marxist and prevented the implementation of the policy of letting a hundred flowers blossom.
2. Reflection of "right-wing" intellectuals. During this period, a large number of buried writers reappeared in the literary world, such as kuya poets, Wang Jingzhi and Shen Congwen, who all published articles. At the same time, some writers also criticized the current situation of the literary world at that time. For example, in May of 1957, the literary and art circles held a forum with the participation of old intellectuals such as Luo Gang, Zhu Guangqian and Yuan Kejia, criticizing the literature of previous years for paying too much attention to Soviet experience and neglecting western literary traditions, which led to the poverty and weakness of literature. Wang Zengqi published an article that it is wrong to use political perspective in literary criticism. Theoretically, Wu Zuguang criticized the mistakes of the Party's leadership in literature and art, and thought that the Party's leadership caused the freedom of literature.
These complaints show that intellectuals have sincerely opened their hearts to the * * * production party.
3. Reflection of orthodox theorists. (1): Orthodoxy: Zhou Yang, Shao Quanlin and Cang Kejia admitted that the policy of letting a hundred flowers blossom did not bring real literary prosperity, but when analyzing the reasons, they put the blame on the writers. For example, Cang Kejia criticized writers such as Ai Qing, Tian Tian, Feng Zhi and He Qifang by name, arguing that their works did not keep up with the times. Zhou Yang blamed the problems of formulization and conceptualization in his creation and vulgarity and socialization in his theoretical research on the writer, believing that these problems were caused by the writer's unchanged world outlook.
Orthodoxy itself criticizes writers from the standpoint of vulgar sociology, which is not reasonable.
(2): Heresy: Yao's article "Let's Speak Straight" puts forward that the mistake of formulation and conceptualization in creation lies not in the author, but in dogmatism. Qin Zhaoyang's article "Realism-A Broad Road" has the greatest influence and is the most representative. The article holds that under the premise of adhering to the general principle of realism, it is not necessary to divide all kinds of "realism" into different eras, and realism pursues life truth and artistic truth. This not only reflects the international background of the Soviet literary circle's revision of this creative method, but also reflects the China literary circle's questioning and reflection on the increasingly serious dogmatism reflected in the literary policy since the 1950s. Hou Minze's reflection on dogmatism is the inevitable development of left-wing literature, and its combination with authoritative leadership has caused the poverty of literature and art today. Yin Cheng believes that dogmatism has gone astray from the beginning, and theoretical articles criticize dogmatism with a dogmatic attitude. Theoretical articles have no theory and only explain established concepts. This kind of theoretical research and criticism is meaningless.
These articles are thoroughly criticized and are a glorious page in contemporary literature in the first 30 years.
Literature in the era of letting a hundred flowers blossom
Literary creation ended the situation in which all writers praised their new lives. Some writers pay attention to the dark side of reality and the problems and contradictions in social life.
1: novel: a: there are works that interfere with life, such as Wang Meng's "new youth in the organization department", which expose and criticize bureaucracy. Li Guowen's re-election shows the irrationality of political life. B: Works that describe love, such as Zong Pu's Red Bean, discuss the relationship between people's complex emotions and political positions.
2. Poetry: Gong Mu's "All say that meetings are work and work is meetings" exposes the bureaucratic style. Gong Liu published a collection of poems, Animals, describing unreasonable phenomena in social life. Shao Yanxiang's narrative poem Jia Guixiang reflects the persecution of young people in the new era by feudal consciousness. In addition, there is the "vegetation" of the Liusha River.
3. Dramas: Yang's Cuckoo, Hammer's The Flute, and Bitter with Sweet * * *.
4. Reportage: Liu, "At the Bridge Site" and "In the Newspaper".
5. Literary criticism: On Poets by Ba people, and Literature is a study of people by Qian Gurong.
1957 during the anti-rightist struggle, most of the above works were denied and criticized as poisonous weeds, and writers were therefore labeled as Rightists.