This is a famous seven-character poem about the West Lake. This poem is about the West Lake in early spring, which is very distinctive. After reading it, I will fall in love with lakes and mountains like a poet. This poem was written by Bai Juyi when he was the secretariat of Hangzhou in July of 822 AD (the second year of Changqing).
One. The original text is as follows:
Spring outing in Qiantang Lake
Bai Juyi
Gushan Temple (1) is in the north of Jiating (2) and west of Jiating (3), and the water level is low.
Several early warblers compete to keep the trees warm, and their new swallows peck at the soil in spring. 0
Scattered flowers (8) are more and more attractive, and shallow grass (9) can be without horseshoes.
The favorite lake east (10) is not enough (1 1), and the green yangyin (12) is in Baishadi (13).
Two. Text note:
1. Gushan Temple: It was built in the early years of Chen Wendi in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (560 ~ 566). Isolated Mountain: It is between the inner lake and the outer lake of the West Lake, so it is called an isolated mountain because it is not connected with other mountains. There is an isolated mountain pavilion overlooking the West Lake.
2. Jia Ting: Also called Jia Gongting. A scenic spot in the West Lake was built by Jia Quan in the Tang Dynasty. In the Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty (785 ~ 804 AD), Jia Quan became the secretariat of Hangzhou and built a pavilion in Qiantang Lake. Known as "Jia Pavilion" or "Jia Gong Pavilion", the pavilion was destroyed in the late Tang Dynasty.
3. Initial leveling of the water surface: the lake is just as flat as the dike, that is, the spring water rises at the beginning. Chu: used as an adverb in ancient Chinese, it is often used to express time and just now. Low cloud foot: white clouds overlap and connect with the waves on the lake. Seen from a distance, the clouds are very low. Cloud foot: cloud gas near the ground, which is more common when it begins to rain or stops raining.
4. Early Spring Warbler: An oriole comes in early spring. Warbler: oriole, the song is euphemistic and beautiful.
5. Competing to warm the trees: competing to fly to the sunny branches. Warm tree: a tree facing the sun.
Xinyan: A swallow just flew back from the south.
7. Here. Swallows nest with mud in their mouths. Look up and see what you can see in spring, singing and dancing, full of vitality. Focus on birds.
8. Random flowers: all kinds of wild flowers. Gradually: adverb, gradually. Desire: adverb, will, will. Charming eyes: dazzling.
9. Shallow grass: Spring grass that just grows out of the ground and is not too high. Talent: Just right. No: yes, yes. Looking down on the spring outing, the flowers are tender and the grass is tender, and the spring is full. Focus on flowers and plants.
10. Hudong: Take Gushan as a reference.
1 1. Insufficient travel: that is, not enough travel, never tired of traveling. That's enough. That's enough.
12. shade: same as "shade", meaning shade.
13. Baisha dike: Bai Causeway, now called sand dike and broken bridge dike, is located on the east bank of West Lake, with a total length of 1 km, which existed before the Tang Dynasty. Bai Causeway was built by Bai Juyi when he was the secretariat of Hangzhou, and it is another place outside Qiantang Gate.
Three. Full text translation:
From the north of Gushan Temple to the west of Jiagongting, the spring water on the lake is just flush with the lake embankment, and the cloud foot is very low, which is connected with the lake wave.
A few early orioles scrambled to fly to the sunny warm trees, and I don't know whose swallow just returned from the south is pecking at the spring mud to build a nest.
So colorful spring flowers can fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can just cover the horseshoe.
I like the beautiful scenery in the east of the lake, especially in Bai Causeway under the shade of poplars.
Poetry appreciation:
The whole poem takes the word "line" as a clue, starting from Gushan Temple and ending in Baisha Land. Focusing on the word "spring", this paper writes the joy that the beautiful scenery in early spring brings to tourists. In the middle four sentences, people are in the scenery and people are in the scenery, writing out their feelings about natural beauty. "Shallow grass can have no horseshoe" instead of green grass, which is very vivid.
From the structural point of view, from Gushan Temple to Baishadi, the distance is far away, and there is no trace of transition in the middle, which is connected with nature. It not only depicts the charming spring scenery of the West Lake and the vitality of all things in the world under the bathing of spring scenery, but also tells the whole story of the poet himself being intoxicated with this beautiful scenery, so that people are unconsciously deeply infected and moved by the author's enthusiasm for spring and life while enjoying the intoxicating beauty of the West Lake.
"Gushan Temple is north of Jiating West, and the water level is low." The first sentence of the poem is the place, and the second sentence is the vision. Looking at the whole lake from Jiagong Pavilion at the northern foot of Gushan Mountain, the spring water is rippling, the cloud curtain is low, and the lakes and mountains are panoramic. Chuping expresses Bai Juyi's unique feelings about the West Lake in spring. Because the West Lake is rainy in spring, it looks much higher than in winter, as if it is flush with the shore. At this moment, the calm water at the foot and the low-hanging cloud curtain in the sky are connected up and down, forming a quiet scene of Mohu Lake. While the poet was enjoying the tranquility of the West Lake, the crisp sound of birds broke his meditation.
"A few early warblers compete for warm trees, whose new swallow pecks at the spring mud", from static to dynamic, from panoramic freehand brushwork to detailed meticulous painting. First, write down what you can see when you look up. Yingying is singing and swallows are dancing, showing the vitality of spring. Both the oriole and the swallow are messengers of spring, and the warbler's voice is euphemistic, spreading the good news of spring returning to the earth; Swallows are hardworking, inspiring people to start working in spring. They all write the vitality of early spring. The word "several places" summarizes Ying Ge's call to the other and the poet's modality of seeking sound from left to right. The doubt about the word "whose family" shows the poet's delicate psychological activities and makes readers have rich associations.
"Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes", and then write down the flowers and plants you see. Because it's early spring, it's not the season of flowers, so what we can see is not colorful flowers. It's a cluster in the east and a cluster in the west, and it's scattered irregularly. Use a word "chaos" to describe. Spring grass does not grow luxuriantly, only it is not as long as horseshoe, so it is described by a word "shallow". Accurately and vividly, the breath of "early spring" is fresh and pleasant.
"I love the lack of eastward travel of the lake and the white sand embankment under the shadow of Populus davidiana." Again, I always write, write feelings instead of writing real scenes, and I like the feeling after reading. It is pointed out that the author is intoxicated with it, and his meaning is still unfinished. Those parts that have not been written still leave a lot of room for aftertaste and imagination.
Four. Fine word appreciation:
The orioles get up early and use the word "contention" to write that orioles are catching up with each other and are busy taking the lead to occupy the "warm tree" that sees the sun first, which makes people feel that spring is rare and precious. Swallow's mouth is so small that it takes thousands of pecks to build a nest. A word "peck" describes the busy and excited expression of swallows and encourages people to make progress. This dynamic makes the whole poem full of vitality and vigor in spring.
In early spring, many people spend less. The word "longing" reflects that after a long waiting winter, people who swim in spring are as happy and excited as discovering new lands. The grass grows irregularly, and the tall grass can only cover the horseshoe. The word "Cai" shows the author's amazing observation and reflects the author's concern and love for spring. It can be seen that no matter how beautiful the oriental scenery is, it is more important to find beautiful eyes and hearts.
Five. Structural features:
This poem is like a short and pithy travelogue, starting from Gushan and Jiating and ending in Hudong and Bai Causeway. Along the way, the lake is green, birds are singing and dancing, and flowers are overflowing. In the end, I'm still intoxicated.
The whole poem is rigorous in structure, fluent, vivid and natural in language and approachable in tone. Generally speaking, the poet describes the spring on the lake and is good at describing the scenery on the way. He chose the combination of typical and classified arrangement: writing four most beautiful spring scenes in the middle, combining animals and plants, and having a unique style. He is especially good at grasping the characteristics of scenery, enhancing the appeal with the most expressive words, and completing the heart-to-heart communication with readers.
Six. Artistic features:
Sentimentality in the landscape is the main feature of this poem. It not only writes a strong feeling of spring, but also writes a strong feeling of natural beauty. In the poem, feelings are attached to the scenery, and between the lines, the joyful and relaxed feelings and delicate and fresh feelings about the spring scenery of the West Lake are revealed.