Du Fu left many famous poems in his life. From these poems, we not only understand Du Fu's personal character, but also see the hardships of real life. The realistic spirit of his poems is first reflected in the ideological content. Du Fu lived in a special era, and both the country and the individual family were heading for decline and decline in the stormy weather. He was incompetent and ambitious, and was repeatedly relegated. Experienced all the hardships in the world. These hard experiences made him go deeper into the poor and understand their real life. Most of his poems combine facts and have strong practical significance. For example, the famous "Military Vehicle Shop", "Second Supply Road" and "500 words from Beijing to Fengxian" all reflect that the people have been oppressed and exploited by the ruling class, and their lives are very poor and miserable, while the ruling class has no humanity and has not given them sympathy.
Du Fu is good at melting his subjective feelings into the description of objective facts, which makes people make the best use of things and is naturally touching. For example, two wrote for the road; "On the third day of March, it was a sunny day, and many beauties enjoyed the cool air by the Chang 'an River. Good at accepting, indifferent, sweet, sincere, delicate in texture and well-proportioned in flesh and blood. Snow-like duckweed is easy to fall and cover, and bluebirds fly to the ground in red silk handkerchief. But power can be as hot as a flame and burn people's fingers. Be alert to the Prime Minister and pay attention to his frown. " This poem satirizes the arrogance and extravagance of Yang's brother and sister, and also reflects the fatuity of the monarch and the corruption of current politics from the side. The sentence is gorgeous, but the author's attitude is very serious. Look at this scene from your own standpoint. As Pu Qilong said: "There is no irony, the language in the description is ironic; There is no sigh, but there is a sigh of ridicule. 1. Therefore, it is more powerful than ordinary light satire in art criticism.
Du Fu is good at selecting people and things with typical significance, thus creating many representative characters and presenting readers with a rich life picture. For example, the old man who fled over the wall in the Stone Trencher, the poor and clever old woman; The person in Xin' an official who is recruiting in Xin' an; The bride attended a new wedding the morning after the wedding. The author vividly embodies their characteristics with a few words and artistic techniques, which is really incisive. Arouse people's infinite thinking.
The realistic spirit of Du Fu's poems is also reflected in the detailed description of people and things, which can better embody the essence of characters and realize the essential significance of poetry. For example, in the "Military Vehicle Shop", it was introduced as follows: "Rambling car, Ma Xiaoxiao, each of you has a bow and an quiver on your belt. My parents and wife will say goodbye to each other until the dust buries the bridge outside Chang 'an. This is a poem written by Xin Yuefu. As a bystander, the author witnessed the tragic situation of the young men, and through the mouth of pedestrians, he cried about the complexity of the group and the misfortune of people. It shows a real tragic picture, reflecting the people's suffering, endless pain and chaos. The poet not only gave the people deep sympathy, but also profoundly criticized the darkness of the ruler from the opposite side. There is also the poem "Shi Hao Guan" written by An Shi Rebellion, which can better reflect the sufferings of the people. The family in the poem lives in poverty, and the son has been drafted into the army, leaving only the old couple, daughter-in-law and grandson at home. But even the old man didn't want to let go, and finally the old man ran away and the old woman was caught again. The details of the dialogue in the poem and the voice of the daughter-in-law crying are real, infectious and shocking, showing how cruel the rulers were at that time, how chaotic the country was and how miserable the civilians were.
When describing characters, Du Fu is also good at portraying psychology and shaping images with personalized character language. Whether it is a dialogue or a monologue, it is very exciting and vivid. For example, the poem "Wedding Farewell" was written entirely in the bride's tone; "Rabbit ribbon hemp, tendrils are not long. It is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and ask for a husband. If you become a wife, you won't warm your bed. It is too hasty to get married and say goodbye. "This poem well reflects Du Fu's patriotism and love for the people, as well as his sympathy for the people's suffering. Poetry vividly describes the helplessness, pain, anxiety, sadness and expectation of the bride when she bid farewell to her husband. Thus, a kind, gentle and understanding image of working women was created. Because at that time, only by letting go of the war first can we get the minimum living environment of self-cultivation This is not only the call of the bride, but also the call of Du Fu himself.
"The hut was broken by the autumn wind" is a famous poem written by Du Fu when he was in Sichuan. Among them, "There are thousands of spacious buildings in Ande, and a large number of poor people in the world are happy and calm. Oh! Suddenly seeing this house in front of me, it is enough for me to freeze to death alone. " This has become a famous sentence throughout the ages. It profoundly embodies Du Fu's great spirit of patriotism and love for the people, which is very touching. "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" are the highest realms of Du Fu's realistic spirit. It reflects the poet's recognition and deep sympathy for the people's suffering in the Anshi Rebellion, and these poems can touch people's heartstrings.
Because Du Fu saw that the people suffered too much in the war, he earnestly hoped that the war would subside and let the people live a peaceful life. In his poems, he constantly shouted out the voice representing the wishes of people at that time; "Andrew's strong men hold the Tianhe River, and it is often unnecessary to wash nails." (Wash Terracotta Warriors) "Farming requires war, and there are no officials asking for money everywhere." (daydreaming) Until the poet was old, he never stopped shouting like this. When the An Shi Rebellion happened and the country was in danger, he thought that the people should rise to save the country, but he was very sympathetic to their tragic fate. In this way, I am very contradictory, worrying about the country and the people. You can imagine how painful and angry the poet was at that time.
Once the broken mountains and rivers are restored, poets who have lamented their lives have written happy and moving poems in incomparable joy. For example, "I heard that the officer received Henan and Hebei": "The news is in this distant west station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop the tears from flowing on my coat. Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily ... "This feeling never unconsciously reveals the poet's surprise and happiness. His patriotic feelings were further revealed. This is Du Fu, a great, lovely and respectable poet.
Du Fu's life is a great life and a noble life. He was called a "poet saint" by others, and not only left so many masterpieces for later generations, but also his great spirit of patriotism and love for the people. The realistic spirit in his poems is also worth learning. At the end of his life, he did not forget how difficult his motherland was and how bitter his people were. In his last poem, he said with emotion, "Gongsun is still in danger, but Hou Jing has not been captured alive. The letter is wide in the original, and the fight is deep in the Beidou "("The wind disease in the boat "). A cavity of lofty sentiments, all in it. In his mind, nothing is more important than national security and people's happiness and stability. He is always shouting for the injustice of society and the misfortune of the times.
Du Fu's thoughts, feelings and lofty personality spirit of caring for the country and the people embodies the most precious qualities of feudal intellectuals in China. This also inspired many poets and readers in later generations. For example, Lu You, Xin Qiji and Wen Tianxiang were all influenced by Du Fu. His great poems and realistic writing methods also inspired later poets.