First, it is necessary to clarify the requirements of the examination syllabus, that is, what to take.
1. Appreciate the image, language and expressive skills of poetry.
2. Evaluate the ideological content of poetry works and the author's viewpoint and attitude.
Second, we should make clear the direction of the examination questions, that is, how to test them.
2008-2065 438+0 1 National New Curriculum Volume "Reading Ancient Poems" exam, the questions are relatively stable, and both short answers are subjective questions. In terms of material selection, Tang and Song poems are the main ones, especially Tang and Song poems, but the proportion of Tang poems has decreased, the proportion of Song poems has increased, and the proportion of Song Ci, Yuanqu and Ming and Qing poems has slightly increased. Masterpieces have declined, while non-representative works of famous artists and excellent works of ordinary poets have an upward trend due to the need to guard against inscriptions. Looking at the setting of test sites is "one poem and two questions", focusing on the image, language, expression skills and thoughts and feelings of poetry, and more on the overall grasp of poetry in the form of individual appreciation.
Third, how to prepare for the exam, that is, how to deal with the exam.
(1) Pay attention to the usual accumulation: we should understand the stylistic knowledge and cultural common sense of poetry, master certain appreciation terms, and do a good job in relevant knowledge reserves. Further understanding of the poems of important poets, the background of poems and the situation of key writers is helpful to solve the exercises.
(B) poetry appreciation test countermeasures (strengthening four kinds of consciousness)
(1) Strengthen the consciousness of examining questions. The stem of the question generally contains three tips: proposition angle, reading range and answering method. You must thoroughly understand the requirements of the problem before doing it.
(2) Strengthen the problem-solving process. The solution to the appreciation of ancient poetry should follow three steps: first, appreciate and understand the original poem repeatedly. Pay attention to "five readings" when reading poems: first, the title, second, the author, third, the annotation, fourth, the poem and fifth, the stem. Second, see clearly the requirements and clear the direction. Third, pay attention to expression and standardize answers.
(3) Standardize the consciousness of answering questions. Master the common modes and basic ideas of answering questions.
For example, the order of answering the question of "refining words": explain the meaning of words, translate poems by putting words in sentences, talk about the benefits of words themselves (flexible use or rhetorical devices), and then see the role of words in expressing poets' thoughts, feelings and themes. In the format of answering questions, it is generally the opinion first, then the reason; Summarize first, then be specific.
(4) Adhere to the principle of organizing answers: stick to the poem and be meticulous and in-depth.
The first type: parsing image classes. Routine Q: What kind of artistic atmosphere does this poem create? Variant question: What kind of picture does this poem show us? What kind of thoughts did the poet express? What kind of scenery does this poem describe? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Answer mode: four words summarize the picture, atmosphere+description picture combined with poem+what kind of emotion is expressed.
The second type: analytical emotional theme type. Routine Q: What is the theme of this poem? Variant question: Please analyze the author's mood in a poem. Answer mode: ① Analyze which specific poems have been written; 2 What emotions are expressed and what emotions are hidden.
The third type: expression skills (focusing on the whole or part of the whole article). Routine question: What kind of writing technique is used in this poem? Variant question: What kind of artistic technique (skill) is used in this poem? Or: How do poets express their feelings? Writing technique (skill), expression technique (broad sense) and artistic skill are very broad concepts. Answer: What kind of technique+poetic interpretation+effect, function (what feelings are conveyed). For example, the national new curriculum standard volume 20 1 1, read the following Tang poem and complete 8-9 questions.
In spring, Qin misses the past and Zhou Pu (1).
In the wilderness, I hope to disappear, and the water lingers in distant villages.
Cattle and horses put more spring grass, and Harada plowed ancient monuments.
It's late in the snowy mountains, smoke from cooking stoves is accompanied by sunset, and the shadows of trees are faint.
Wan Li Huangsha, it's hard to look back at Qinyuan.
8. How does this poem express the poet's feelings? Please make a brief analysis (5 points)
A: It shows a feeling of remembering the past and hurting the present. In spring, the poet looks to the other side, but there is no spring grass, only ancient monuments, and the road for travelers is full of yellow sand. He thought of how strong Qin was then, but now the national situation in the Tang Dynasty is declining, and his eyes are desolate, so the feeling of "unbearable looking back" arises spontaneously.
9. How do you think this poem deals with situational relations in writing? (6 points)
A: Poetry expresses nostalgia for the past and hurt the present with the help of water mirrors, Cao Chun, ancient monuments, Cangshan, sunset, green trees and yellow sand. In the scene processing, he expressed his lament for the decline and fall of the Tang Dynasty with his unique desolate scenery. The neckline is anthropomorphic and the scenery is nuanced.
Fourth: if the language is refined. Routine Q: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why? Variant question: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it? Answer mode: explain the meaning of words, translate the poem by putting the words in sentences, talk about the benefits of the words themselves (flexible use or rhetorical devices), and then see the role of words in expressing the poet's thoughts, feelings and themes.
Pay special attention to the following different questions-the problem of routines: What are the linguistic features of this poem? Q: What kind of language style does this poem have? Correct answer: four-word overall summary+combined with key verse analysis.
Example: (Tianjin Volume 20 1 1) 14. Read the following poem and answer as required.
Rain Song Hua said
The black clouds in oxtail pour thick ink, and the wind and rain blow the axle.
The surging waves instantly rolled up the beach, and a hundred thousand troops roared down the waterfall.
The shepherd boy lives in Xixi Canal and invades Niumuxi North.
Rushing across the stream in the rain, the rain suddenly cleared and the mountains were green.
(1) How effective are the words "Juan" and "Hou" in the third and fourth sentences? Please analyze this poem.
A: "Raging Waves Instantly Roll Up the Beach" is a scene where the waves are surging and the water potential is rapidly increasing; "A hundred thousand troops roared at the waterfall" describes that when it rains, the noise is deafening, like a waterfall; Describe it from many angles here. Visually, "quantity" describes the rapid situation when a shower comes. "Roar" describes the momentum of showers and a vivid image from the perspective of hearing.
Analyze the function of poetic eyes. Routine question: Which word (sentence) in the poem plays a role in the whole poem? Variant question: which word (sentence) in the poem is the key to the whole poem? Why? Which word (sentence) in the poem has the function of controlling (summarizing) the whole poem? Why? If it is the eyes of the whole poem, it is necessary to analyze it sentence by sentence.
Mastering the answering strategies of ancient poems can help us solve problems better. On this basis, it is no longer a problem to read more books, remember more, practice more and appreciate more.