After the death of Tang Gaozong, Wuhou reached its peak in 690, when People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded. Until 705, Tang Zhongzong was restored by the Dragon Revolution, and the Tang Dynasty was also restored. It was not until Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty succeeded to the throne that the politics dominated by women completely ended.
The prosperous Tang Dynasty has different definitions in literature and history, and it is also a tribute to the Tang Dynasty by later generations. In the Ming Dynasty, Gao Kun divided the development of Tang poetry into four stages: the early stage, the prosperous stage, the middle stage and the late stage, in which the prosperous stage refers to about fifty years from the first year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (713) to the first year of Daizong Dali (766).
Wang Fuzhi's History as a Mirror: "Since Emperor Taizong's reign of Emperor Gaozong, the rebels have been trapped in the elbow armpit. Since the beginning of Kaiyuan for more than 20 years, the day has been chaotic." Ouyang Xiu's Book of the New Tang Dynasty: "If you look at the rule of Kaiyuan's husband, you will make Liuhe run wildly;" And the Tianbao rebellion, the son of heaven can't keep the second capital, and the princes can't live in Jiumu. "
It was the best time of the Tang Dynasty, and the separatist regime in the buffer region had not yet formed. At this time, China is generally peaceful and tranquil, and one faction manages the world. The prosperous Tang Dynasty was the most prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty.
Generally speaking, the Middle Tang Dynasty was the Taihe period from the first year of Daizong to the second year of Wenzong. The historical stages refer to the period from Mu Zong to the reign of Nuo in 875 AD. At this time, the Tang Dynasty had begun to have two major contradictions, internal and external, but it had not reached the level of peasant uprising.
The Anshi Rebellion (1February 6, 755-1February 7, 763) in the last years of Xuanzong in the late Tang Dynasty gradually declined. In the middle and late Tang dynasty, the emperor had no real power in economy, politics and military affairs, which led to the formation of the separatist situation in the buffer regions. Finally, all parties broke away from the rule of the Tang Dynasty and became independent regimes.
After 875 years, the Tang Dynasty entered the late Tang Dynasty. In 907, the Tang Dynasty perished and Hou Liang was founded. The late Tang Dynasty ended. Since then, it has entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
Extended data:
Tang dynasty territory
The largest period in the Tang Dynasty was the Longshuo period in Tang Gaozong. At that time, the oasis in Central Asia was dominated by the Tang Dynasty, and its largest area reached the vast area from Luofu (now Vietnam) in the south, Xuanzang (now Russia) in the north, Rest House (now Uzbekistan) in the west, and Wu Ge (now Tonghua, Jilin) in the east, with a land area of 6,543,800 square kilometers and another 654.38+.
Mobei fell into the post-Turkic region during the Wu and Zhou Dynasties. After the Anshi Rebellion, the western regions were captured by Tubo, and by the end of the Tang Dynasty, they had shrunk to the Han Dynasty, but the Hetao area still existed.
territorial scope
At its peak, the territory of the Tang Dynasty started from the Korean Peninsula in the east, Hue in Vietnam in the south, Aral Sea and Khorasan in Central Asia in the west, and Lake Baikal in the north to the lower reaches of Yenisei River.
There were many ethnic minorities in the Tang Dynasty. In order to effectively manage the Turkic, Uighur, Tiele, Shiwei, Qidan, Mohong and other ethnic groups, six states, namely Anxi, Anbei, Anton, Annan, Chanyu and Beiting, as well as a large number of states and Jimi states belonging to the six states, were established respectively.
However, in the decades after the Anshi Rebellion, because a large number of border guards in Helong participated in the rebellion, the border defense was empty, and the Tubo took advantage of the situation to occupy the areas of Helong and Huangshui, while the Hetao area was still under the jurisdiction of the German army and Zhenwu army. Until the end of the Tang Dynasty, from Dazhong to Xian Tong, Zhang Yichao, a native of Shazhou, rose up, recovered the Helong area, reopened the Silk Road, defeated Tubo in Xian Tong for seven years and split into more than 100 tribes.
administrative division
The Tang Dynasty initiated the Daofu system in the history of chinese administrative division. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Emperor Taizong divided the world into 10 roads: Guannei, Henan, Hedong, Hebei, Shannan, Longyou, Huainan, Jiangnan, Jiannan and Lingnan. However, these roads have no real power. In the Tang dynasty, the city level was mainly the general manager's office, the governor's office and our special envoy. Counties are under the government.
In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), there were 360 states in China, which governed 1557 counties. During the Kaiyuan period, Shannan and Jiangnan were divided into east and west, and three roads, namely, Gyeonggi, Duji and Qianzhong, were added to form a fifteen-way pattern. There are counties under it, and there are counties under it. At the end of Kaiyuan, there were 328 counties in China, 1573 counties.
law
Tang laws are divided into four types: law, decree, body and form. The law is the criminal code; Order refers to the specific provisions made by the state on various systems (such as "household orders"); The compilation of cases is a supplementary amendment to laws and regulations; The type is administrative regulations (such as "Ministry of Water Resources"). On the basis of the imperial law of the Sui Dynasty, the law of the Tang Dynasty was revised by the Law of Military Morality, the Law of Zhenguan and the Law of Yonghui.
It began to take shape in the era of Tang Gaozu, and it was not completed until Emperor Taizong. During the period of Yonghui in Tang Gaozong, he made a comprehensive interpretation of the Tang Law, and wrote the Law Shu, which, together with the Tang Law, was called the Tang Law Yi Shu, and later called the Tang Law Shu Dian. There are twelve laws in the Tang Dynasty, 502 * * * and five punishments.
The laws of the Tang Dynasty defined rebellion and rebellion against the imperial court as "ten evils" that could not be pardoned and redeemed, which ensured the continuation of the imperial court. There are also a series of regulations on private ownership of land, which safeguard the economic foundation. Nobles, rich people and bureaucrats are protected by some unequal laws, and their punishment can be reduced or exempted under the same laws as ordinary people.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Tang Dynasty