Homeless is one of the new poems "Three Officials and Three Farewells" by Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. "Steamed Lebanon" is a combination of "steamed people" and "Lebanese people", which is synonymous with "people" and refers to people here.
Original text:
homeless
Author: Du Fu
After the lonely Tianbao, the garden is full of Artemisia ordosica. ? I live in 100 families, and everything is in a mess. ? There is no news of the survivors, and the dead are dust and mud. ? Because of the defeat, the bitch came back to find the old way. ? After a long walk, I saw an empty lane, and it was thin and miserable. But for Kitsune to tanuki, my hair stands on end.
What are the neighbors? One or two old ladies. Love birds and branches, quiet and poor. ? Fang Chun hoes alone and irrigates at dusk. ? The county magistrate knew I was here, so he called to learn drum shovel. ? Although he served in the state, he had no one to take care of.
I will be fascinated when I am near, and I will be fascinated when I am far away. There are swings everywhere in my hometown, and the distance is neat. ? My mother, who has been ill for five years, has been unable to give birth to me and has been sour all her life. Life is homeless, why is it steaming?
Translation:
After Tianbao, the countryside was lonely and desolate, leaving only wormwood and thistles at home. In our village 100, many families have gone their separate ways because of troubled times. There is no news of the living, and the dead turn to dust. Because Yecheng was defeated, I came back to find the old way of my hometown.
After walking in the village for a long time, all I saw were empty alleys, the sun was dim and a gloomy and miserable scene. I can only face a wild mouse fox that only raises its hair and howls at me. Who's left around? Only one or two old widows.
Birds who stay overnight are always attached to this branch, and I am also attached to my hometown. How can I leave my hometown and stay here? It was spring, and I was carrying a hoe to the ground. At night, I was busy watering the Abel Tamata. The county magistrate knew that I was back and recruited me to practice riding drums in the army.
Although I served in Honshu Island, I have nothing to take home. Approaching, I am just empty; If you go far, you will eventually get lost. Now that my hometown is empty, the distance is the same to me.
My mother, who was ill for many years and died for five years, has never been buried properly. She gave birth to me, but she couldn't get my service. Mother and son have endured all their lives. People live in the world but are homeless. How does this common people behave?
Extended data:
Creative background:
This poem was written in the spring of 759, the second year of Tang Suzong Gan Yuan. In the 14th year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (755), An Shi Rebellion broke out. In March of the second year of Gan Yuan, 600,000 troops of the Tang Dynasty were defeated by Yecheng, and the national situation was very critical. In order to quickly replenish troops, the rulers implemented an unrestricted, unorganized and inhuman policy of the Royal Air Force.
Du Fu witnessed these phenomena with his own eyes, with contradictory and painful feelings. Write six poems about "Three Officials and Three Farewells". This war was different from the war in Tianbao period (742 ~ 756), and it was an effort to save the nation from extinction. So Du Fu profoundly exposed the darkness of military service.
While criticizing "the end of heaven and earth is ruthless", we have to support this kind of military service. He not only sympathized with the people's sufferings, but also had to comfort and encourage those immature "middle-aged men" to go to the front with tears. This "homelessness" is the third article of "Three Farewells".
Appreciate:
The title cloud is "homeless", and the wandering cloud is homeless. This poem begins with eight sentences, tracing the roots of homelessness. "Tianbaohou" refers to the post-Anshi rebellion. The sentence is preceded by "loneliness"-the word contains empty desolation and silence. "Garden Lu", pastoral and Lushe. "Artemisia", the name of grass; The name of the plant Chenopodium refers to both weeds and weeds. "But", only also.
The first two sentences of the poem say that since the war, there has been a bleak and desolate scene here, with nothing but weeds. After writing four sentences about the tragic situation of "more than 100 households in my family", I introduced myself: "Cheap son came back to find a new way out because of defeat." "Li" was a grass-roots unit below the county level in the old society. But the systems of past dynasties were different. "Guan Zi Du Di": "A hundred schools of thought are inside". "Bitch", humble yourself.
"path", path, also refers to the road. "Looking for the Old Road" shows that the scenery is completely different, the war is seriously damaged, and how much suffering has been caused to the people! The next six sentences describe what he saw when he returned to his hometown: "After walking for a while, he saw an empty lane", which was both empty and long ("more than a hundred homes"), implying a very decadent and desolate chill. Japan is neither fat nor thin, saying that it is getting thinner every day, and its words are sharp and novel.
"Thin" means thin, narrow and thin. Here, the sun is weak and dim. Besides, "terrible and heartbroken" is a double description, but the emotions in the scene are actually the feelings of the people involved. At this moment, what I saw was: "But for Kitsune to tanuki, I was angry and cried." Vertical hair, anger me, crow, three movements, three forms. The reason why it is so rampant that it has not been seen for a long time shows the desolation of the alley.
He ran around and finally found: "one or two old ladies." Thus, the desolation of hometown is particularly visible. Describe what you saw and heard after you came back, and then describe your mood at the moment in four sentences: "Ben Zhi" refers to the branches where you once lived, which is a metaphor for your hometown and hometown. Although my hometown is desolate, how can I not like it? Let's approach "living in poverty" and imagine that it is still the same as in the past.
But the word "independence" is used here, which implicitly corresponds to the title "homelessness" Don't want things to change suddenly: "the county magistrate knows I'm here and asks them to learn drums." "Drum" is a common musical instrument in ancient military. Refers to big drums and small drums. "Learning drums" means reapplying. The feeling of writing an application at last. "in-state service", in-state service. This seems a little relieved.
But immediately turn to the injury: "look inside" and look back at home. "Shoulder", pawn, centrifugal, has two hearts. There is no family to love, so there will be no double feelings. After "near", we should "serve in our own state", saying that it is better to serve near than far. Seemingly relieved, it is actually paving the way for the next two sentences: "The hometown is exhausted, and the distance is also neat." "Qi", same, same.
The poem says homeless, it's the same whether you travel far or near. The depth of the feeling is obvious. Du Shi Jing Quan said: "However, no matter how far or near, there is always a home. Here, the meaning of * * * has three turning points. The more you want to be broad-minded, the more sad you are. " This is the way to become a layer. Then four sentences mourn the death of mother. This poem was written in Gan Yuan for two years, starting from the Anshi Rebellion in Tianbao's 14th year, which lasted for five years.
"Gouxi" is the same ditch. The original meaning of "valley" is extended to the place where wild animals die. At this point, the whole article ends with angry and extremely painful words: life has fallen into the hands of the homeless, how can Lebanese people live? "Steaming", steaming people. "Li", Li Yuanhe. Huang Sheng commented: "This poem says that there is no wife at home and there will never be a mother. When my mother dies, it is miserable to be homeless. " (Quoted from Du Shi Jing Quan)
Pu Qi Long Yun: "At the end of the second, it ends with a point (topic)." Why steamed plums can be summarized into six articles (according to Three Officials and Three Partings). On the contrary, you can say,' Why for the people'? "(Reading) These six articles can be regarded as a" history of poetry ",which reflects the sufferings brought to the people by the Anshi Rebellion from all aspects.
Lu Yuanchang was quoted as saying in Detailed Notes on Du Fu's Poems: "The first king used six clans and used folk music. Today, there is no ding in Xin' an, and Shihao is out. Newlyweds are inevitably depressed and heartbroken, and their children who died in battle are inevitably defeated and flee. There are several creatures in Hebei that have a heritage. "Du Fu's greatness is inseparable from these poems.
The author introduces:
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Xiangyang, Han nationality, and then moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. A great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who claimed to be a young man at night, was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang. Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he escaped the war, his life was relatively stable.
But I still care about the whole life and national affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals. The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure".
Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.