Sima Guang broke the jar with a stone, the water came out, and the child was saved.
This sentence comes from the "History of the Song Dynasty" compiled by Tuotuo and Alutu in the Yuan Dynasty. The original text is: Sima Guang, courtesy name Junshi, was a native of Xia County, Shaanxi Province. When Guangsheng was seven years old, he was as awe-inspiring as an adult. He heard Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals and fell in love with it. Since I can't put down the book, I don't know the hunger, thirst, cold or heat. A group of children were playing in the court. One child climbed onto an urn and fell into the water. Everyone abandoned it. They just hit the urn with a stone and broke it. Water burst out and the child survived.
Translation: Sima Guang, courtesy name Junshi, was a native of Xia County, Shaanxi Province. When Sima Guang was 7 years old, he was already like an adult (adulthood in ancient times refers to a weak crown, 16 years old, not 18 years old today). He especially liked to listen to people tell "Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals". After understanding the gist of it, he came back to tell it to his family. From then on, I couldn't put it down for "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu", and even forgot about hunger, thirst, cold and heat.
A group of children were playing in the courtyard. One child was standing on top of a large vat (an urn refers to a large vat). He lost his footing and fell into the vat and was submerged in water. The other children ran away. Sima Guang took the stone. The jar was broken open, the water flowed out, and the child survived.
Extended information:
Sima Guang (November 17, 1019 - October 11, 1086), whose courtesy name was Junshi and his nickname was Yuansou. Han nationality. A native of Sushui Township, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province), he is known as Mr. Sushui in the world. Politician, historian and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. After Sima Fu, the king of Anping in the Western Jin Dynasty.
In the first year of Baoyuan (1038) of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, Sima Guang ascended to the rank of Jinshi and was promoted to the direct bachelor's degree in Longtuge. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he left the court for fifteen years because of his opposition to Wang Anshi's reform, and presided over the compilation of the first chronological general history in Chinese history, Zizhi Tongjian.
He served as an official in the four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong and Zhezong, and he reached the rank of Shangshu Zuopushe and also served as a servant. He was given the posthumous title Wenzheng by Grand Master Wen and Duke Wen. He was a gentle, kind, humble, upright man; he worked hard and was diligent. He boasts that "when the day is insufficient, the night is followed". His personality can be regarded as a model under the teachings of Confucianism and has always been admired by others.
Sima Guang wrote many works in his life, mainly "Collected Works of Wen Guowen Zheng and Sima Gong", "Ji Gu Lu", "Sushui Records", "Qianxu", etc.
Sima Guang’s main achievements are reflected in academics. The greatest contribution among them is presiding over the compilation of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". During the Xining reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Sima Guang strongly opposed Wang Anshi's reform and asked Shangshu to be appointed as a foreign minister. In the fourth year of Xining (1071), he was sentenced to the Yushitai of Xijing. From then on, he lived in Luoyang for fifteen years and did not care about political affairs. During this leisurely period, Sima Guang presided over the compilation of the 294-volume chronological history book "Zizhi Tongjian" with nearly 4 million words.
Sima Guang’s Duleyuan Garden was both his residence and the location of the Zizhi Tongjian bookstore. The environment here is beautiful and the style is simple, reflecting the owner's interests and pursuits. Its bookstore had been established by imperial edict when it was in Bianjing. In addition to Sima Guang, the famous scholars Liu Shu, Liu Xun and Fan Zuyu at that time all participated in the work of the bookstore.
Among them, Sima Guang is the editor-in-chief, Liu Shu, Liu Tong, and Fan Zuyu are the co-editors, and Sima Guang's son Sima Kang is responsible for reviewing the text. After Sima Guang came to Luoyang, he moved the "Zizhi Tongjian" bookstore from Bianliang to Luoyang. Not only the staff of the bookstore lived in Duyuan, but famous sages from Luoyang at that time such as Er Cheng, Shao Yong, Wen Yanbo, etc. also often came to gather here, which can be called an academic center.
He said in "Jin Zi Zhi Tong Jian Biao": "My muscles and bones are now emaciated, my vision is dim, I have few teeth, my consciousness is exhausted, and I am forgetful. My energy has been exhausted. In this book." Sima Guang devoted his whole life to this book, and he died of hard work less than two years after it was written. From the inception of the rules to the final draft of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", Sima Guang wrote it himself, and it was not imitated by anyone else's hand.
Zi Zhi Tong Jian is China's largest chronicle, with a total of 294 volumes, covering ancient and modern times, starting from the early Warring States period when Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin. From the end of the Five Dynasties until Zhao Kuangyin destroyed the Later Zhou Dynasty, there were 1,362 years. The author records the historical facts of these 1,362 years in order of time, taking the years as the longitude and the historical facts as the latitude; he clearly explains the causes and consequences of major historical events and the connections in all aspects. It is clear so that readers can understand the development of historical facts at a glance.
Historian Hu Sansheng during the Song and Yuan Dynasties said: "If you are a ruler and do not know the "Tongjian", you want to govern but do not know the source of self-government; if you are a minister, you do not know the art of preventing chaos. If you are a minister and do not know the "Tongjian" 》, then there is no way for the superiors to serve the king, and no way for the subordinates to govern the people...It is like using troops to conduct divisions, creating laws and establishing systems, without knowing the reasons why the ancients gained and learning the reasons why the ancients lost, seeking victory and defeat, and seeking profit. And harm is inevitable." ("Preface to the New Injection of Zhi Zhi Tong Jian") Wang Yinglin said: "Since the creation of written contracts, there has never been anything like "Tong Jian"." A great historian of the Qing Dynasty. Wang Mingsheng said: "This is an indispensable book in the world, and it is also a book that scholars must read" (Volume 1 of "Seventeen Historical Discussions"). When Liang Qichao, a famous scholar in modern times, commented on "Tongjian", he said: "Sima Wengong's "Tongjian" is also one of the great texts of heaven and earth. Its grand structure and rich source materials make it inevitable for future generations who want to write a general history. It is regarded as a blueprint, but no one has been able to cure it. "Wen Gong was also a great man!"
Sima Guang spent his life mainly on writing history and doing politics, and did not pride himself on literature. He commented on himself. "As for literature, it is really not my strong point." However, his knowledge is profound and profound, and he combines learning and writing, although he has no intention of writing for the sake of writing.
Sima Guang "worked to provide usable writing and respected writing to convey the truth" and believed that flashy poetry was useless. What he praised was not poetry filled with rhetoric, but poetry that was plain, leisurely and distant, expressing true temperament and true self.
In the study of Confucian classics, Sima Guang promoted Confucianism, tried hard to defeat Buddhists and elders, and made many groundbreaking interpretations of Confucian classics. Zhu Xi compared him with his contemporaries Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, and Er Cheng (Cheng Hao, Cheng Hao, Cheng Hao, etc.). Yi) and Zhang Zai were collectively known as the "Six Masters of Taoism" in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Sima Guang used Zhengshu and Lishu as his main calligraphy styles, and there were more Zhengshu than Lishu. The characteristics of its official script are: clear strokes and strokes, regular and flat structure, and the horizontal strokes at the entry and exit points often have the intention and shape of the official meaning of silkworm head and phoenix tail, which is obviously integrated into the tradition of official script. The characteristics of official script are: its purity is not as good as that of Han official script, and its beauty is not as good as that of Tang official script. However, its writing style is square and cut, its pen power is penetrating, its strokes are deep and firm, and its structure is mostly vertical.
Although the font is small, it is powerful and full of energy. At the turning points, there are sharp edges and soft edges. The lines intersect with each other in straight arcs, which is very beautiful in its simplicity. In addition to the legal system, it also has the meaning of regular script. It does not have the shortcomings of fatness that are common in Tang Dynasty officials. It has an angry but not intimidating style.
Sima Guangzhi's achievements in calligraphy are mainly due to his knowledge and appreciation of calligraphy, painting, epigraphy and stone. Based on his personal imagination, he learned from the strengths of many schools of thought and integrated the roundness and vigor of Qin seal script and Han calligraphy. The solemnity of the official script, the implication of the Jin people, and the robustness of the Tang regular script all come together to form a distinct personal appearance and style, which is undoubtedly unique in Song calligraphy.
Huang Tingjian once commented in "Lun Shu": "Wen Zhengzheng's writing is not very good, but his legal system is extremely vigorous, just like his life, the so-called left criterion, right rule, sound as law and body as measure. You can imagine his style by looking at his calligraphy." Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty also said: "Sima Guang's official calligraphy is really like that of Han people, which is incomparable to those of Mi Fu in recent times. I have five volumes of Guang's official calligraphy, and I can't stop playing with his calligraphy day and night.
Baidu Encyclopedia——Sima Guang