Langzhong is located in the north of Sichuan Basin and the middle reaches of Jialing River. The city is built at the confluence of Bashan Mountain, Jianmen Mountain and Jialing River, surrounded by mountains and water. The situation is very dangerous. Predecessors said that it controlled the division of the Sixth Route before, followed by the millet of the West Shu, connecting Jingxiang on the left and Qinlong on the right. It has been a military town since ancient times. In 1986, the State Council was declared as one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China.
Today's itinerary is: First, we will visit Zhangfei Temple and Jinping Mountain, and then we will visit the unique ancient city protection area. Now, please allow me to briefly introduce the characteristics of the ancient city of Langzhong as a guide before your field trip.
Langzhong has a long history. Langzhong is the capital of Cuba. According to historical records, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty was greatly assisted by Ba people in the battle of Makino, in which the samurai army composed of Ba people went to war, and Lingyin people defected and won. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Ba people were made a sub-state, and Jiangzhou (now Chongqing) was the capital. Because of the force of Chu, the capital was moved to Langzhong. In 316 BC, after King Huiwen of Qin destroyed Ba, he set up Langzhong County in Brazil. Since then, all dynasties have been ruled by counties, prefectures, prefectures and Taoism, and it was also the political, economic and cultural center of northern Sichuan at that time. Based on the historical calculation of the county, it has been more than 23 years.
Secondly, there are many famous people who have an influence on the historical and cultural development of China, and historical sites still exist. Langzhong, an ancient city with beautiful scenery, not only attracted many celebrities and sages from past dynasties to visit and stay here, but also left a large number of cultural relics and historic sites. Moreover, the ancient city itself is a place with outstanding people and talented people. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a great astronomer and almanac was born here, followed by Ren Wensun, a great meteorologist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and three generations of astronomers, namely Zhou Shu, Zhou Qun and Zhou Juzusun, in the Three Kingdoms period. It is really remarkable that so many outstanding astronomers have been produced in Langzhong in the past 4 years. In addition, Ma Zhong, an expert in the Three Kingdoms, Cheng Ji, a counselor, Zhang Xian, a warrior who fought against gold in the Southern Song Dynasty, Han E, a Mulan heroine in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and Lan Tingrui, a leader of the peasant uprising in the Qing Dynasty, were all born here. According to statistics, from the late Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty for more than 1, years, Langzhong successively produced four top scholars, 94 scholars and hundreds of juren.
Langzhong is an old revolutionary base area. In 1933, the Red Fourth Front Army established the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base, fought in Langzhong area for three years, and established Langzhong and Langnan Suvier regimes. More than 19, outstanding sons and daughters of Langzhong joined the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army.
thirdly, the ancient city is relatively well preserved and the cultural relics are of high value. Since the reform and opening up, Langzhong's social economy has developed rapidly and great achievements have been made in urban construction. At the same time, the municipal government attaches great importance to the maintenance and protection of the ancient city and cultural relics, especially the ancient city pattern, hundreds of ancient streets with strong ancient style and groups of ancient people in Sichuan, which are very precious humanistic treasures. Many people are always amazed after visiting, even saying that it is rare elsewhere.
ok, that's all. Zhangfei Temple is here. Huanhou Ancestral Hall's Tomb Zhangfei Temple
Dear guests, what we are seeing now is the famous Huanhou Ancestral Hall, also known as Zhangfei Temple. Zhang Fei, whose word is Yide (Wing De), followed Liu Bei in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty and became brothers. After Liu Beiding proclaimed Yizhou emperor, Zhang Fei was appointed as a captain of Sili and a Brazilian satrap guarding Langzhong for seven years. In 221 AD, Zhang Fei, eager to avenge the killing of Guan Yu by Dongwu, forced his men to make white helmets and white armor. He was killed by Fan Qiang and Zhang Da, and was buried in Langzhong, where he was posthumously named Huan Hou. Langzhong admired Zhang Fei's bravery and built a temple in front of the tomb. The temple in the Tang Dynasty was called Zhanghou Temple, which was the dominant temple in the Ming Dynasty, and has been called Huanhou Ancestral Hall since the Qing Dynasty. The existing Zhangfei Temple is a group of Ming and Qing architectural quadrangles in the Tang Dynasty style, which consists of a mountain gate, an enemy tower, a memorial archway, a main hall and a wing, covering an area of more than 5, square meters, with a large scale and exquisite construction.
The mountain gate was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, and the Han Huanhou Ancestral Hall tablet hanging at the upper end of the main entrance was written by the famous calligrapher Zhao Puchu who died recently. Stepping into the splayed gate is the towering enemy tower. Enemy ten thousand means that Zhang Fei is powerful and brave against ten thousand days. The building was built at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, with a double-eaves and a mountain-resting roof, and a square plum blossom column inlaid with four petals, which is extremely imposing. The side halls on both sides are the cultural relics exhibition room and the group plastic hall. There are more than 1 cultural relics on display. Look at the inscription on this monument: General Han flew, led ten thousand elite soldiers to break the thief, and the first ones were all in Bameng, and they were immediately remembered. It is said that Zhang Fei wrote it himself, which shows that Zhang Fei is not only a valiant soldier, but also a calligrapher with profound attainments. The world says that Zhang Fei is coarse and fine, and this stone tablet is an evidence. You are familiar with the six groups of sculptures made in the Group Plastic Museum according to the main achievements of Zhang Fei described in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. I don't need to explain them again, so please have a look.
when I walked into the main hall, there was a mighty Zhang Fei sitting in the middle with a glaring eyebrow, but why was he wearing a crown and a brocade robe and holding a statue of jade chan? It turned out that during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Fei was posthumously named the Emperor Huan Hou, and the statue of his crown tattoo was molded on the temple. On both sides of the statue are the eldest son, Zhang Bao, holding a snake spear, and Gong Cao, Ma Qi, holding a Dan book. The left and right walls are examples of Zhuge Liang in Yue Fei's cursive script, which set off a dignified and elegant atmosphere in the hall.
The back hall is actually a tomb pavilion, quaint and simple, which is awe-inspiring in Li Zhuo. A couplet on the pavilion and column:
Following the ancestors, they fought in the Central Plains, and the land was only Xichuan as the emperor;
the remnant remains in the wasteland, and when spring comes and winter comes, people will still be loyal to their souls through the ages.
The first part wrote that Zhang Fei followed Liu Bei in his life's campaign, but his ambition of reunifying the whole country was not paid, and the heroic soul still had regrets. The second couplet said that after his death, although only a headless body was buried in this tomb, people's feelings of loyalty and courage remained immortal. There is a folklore about the headless body. It is said that after Zhang Fei was killed, the murderers Fan Qiang and Zhang Da cut off their heads and wanted to get Dongwu for Sun Quan. As a stepping stone, when they sailed down the Yangtze River, they heard that Sun Quan was making peace with Liu Bei. When they were at a loss, they threw Zhang Fei's head into the river and floated to Yunyang, where it was picked up by a fisherman and buried at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Yunyang. This is the tragic story of Zhang Tou being buried in Yunyang and Langzhong.
There is an arch cave in the lower nest of the tomb pavilion, where the statue of Zhang Fei is seated. Look, it's like a leopard's head and eyes, a swallow's jaw and a tiger's beard! Like a dragon stone bucket that swings forward, it is called a ever-burning lamp. It is said that when Zhang Fei was stationed in Langzhong, Zhang Bang, a general of Cao Wei, led 5, troops to attack Langzhong, the capital of Brazil. At that time, Zhang Fei held only 1, soldiers, and refused to meet Zhang He in Dangqu. For 5 days, relying on the support of the local people, Zhang Fei took the Wakou Pass of Zhanghe's base camp from Zitong Mountain Road, defeated Zhang He, and won the victory of protecting the environment and protecting the people. For thousands of years, people have visited Zhang Fei's grave and offered oil to the ever-burning lamps every time they went to Tomb-Sweeping Day.
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Zhang Fei's tomb is about 6 meters high, and Fiona Fang is more than 1 square meters. It is all made of loess, just like an oval hill. The tomb is intact after years of vicissitudes. The ancient tomb is wooded and green, which seems to confirm the love and respect of countless descendants for this brave and strong Zhang Sanye for thousands of years. Jinping Mountain, a fairyland in Langyuan
This is the Jinping Mountain Scenic Area in Langzhong City, where Jialing ranks first. Look at this Jinping Mountain, where the mountains are undulating, the peaks are connected, the trees are lush, the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant, and the Jialing River, which is flowing fast at the foot of the mountain, winds through the foot of the mountain like a jasper belt, and the mountains and rivers blend together to form a beautiful and elegant natural picture, attracting many literati and celebrities from all ages to stay here. For example, the well-known poets Du Fu and Li Shangyin in the Tang Dynasty, the great painter Wu Daozi, the writer Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty, the poet Huang Tingjian and Lu You were all fascinated by the scenery of Jinping Mountain. In Du Fu's poems, it is called Langzhong, south of the city, and the world is sparse. In recent years, the scenic spot has been renovated and renovated, adding a new style, especially the natural beauty and historical culture complement each other, which fully shows the quaint taste of Langzhong tour and makes us realize that it is both a sightseeing tour and a knowledge tour. Now, let's take the historical sites in the scenic area as a sign and visit all the way.
This is the Du Shaoling Temple in Langzhong, which commemorates Du Fu. Du Fu came to Langzhong twice in August of the first year of Guangde in Tang Daizong (AD 763) and in the second year of Guangde, and lived here with his family for half a year, during which he wrote more than 6 poems. In Langshan Song and Langshui Song, he praised Langzhong's mountain self-consciousness and its dependence on Song Hua's enemy, and Langzhong's water, stone and jade. Du Shaoling Temple was built on the hill, maintaining the solemn and elegant style of the Tang and Song Dynasties. More than 7 poems, woodcuts and calligraphy and paintings hung in the front hall of the ancestral temple entrusted the memory of the poet. The wings on both sides display ancient cultural relics, ancient wood lacquer furniture, etc., which adds to the ancient meaning of the ancestral hall. The main hall is a statue of Du Fu in white marble, and he is writing attentively, scrutinizing words and conceiving a new chapter. This sculpture is not an antique, but we can get some impressions from Lu You, a patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, who visited Shaoling Temple twice in eight years on the main road and wrote about the statue of Du Fu he saw at that time in the poem You Jinping Visiting Shaoling Ancestral Temple. The poem says: the virtual hall worships Du Zi, and the brow shines on the river, which has erased a few people since ancient times, and this old age has never died. Du Fu, with a cold brow, stayed in the temple alone but for a long time, and was mourned by later generations, that is, he remained immortal.
I've been sightseeing all the way, and I've arrived at the Hou Temple of Song Liewen, that is, the Temple of Zhang Xian. Some people may feel strange when they say Zhang Xian, but as long as they say that they are the love generals around Yue Fei, they know more. Zhang Xian is a native of Jinping Mountain. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei led the troops to resist the gold, and Zhang Xian devoted himself to Yue Fei's account as a general. He is good at fighting, loyal and loyal, and he is highly valued by Yue Fei and recruited as his son-in-law. When Yuegujun went straight to Zhuxian Town and was about to drink Huanglong, the capitulators headed by Song Gaozong were afraid that Yue Fei would lose his throne after welcoming Hui and Qin emperors, and sent 12 gold medals in succession to call Yue Fei to move troops. Treacherous court official Qin Gui murdered Yue Fei on trumped-up charges. On December 29th, 11th year of Shaoxing (January 27th, AD 1142), Zhang Xian, who was only 27 years old, was killed with Yue Fei and his son in Fengbo Pavilion, Hangzhou, and was buried in Dongshan Port not far from Yue Tomb. Twenty years later, the nomads from the Jin Dynasty invaded south again. In order to encourage his subjects to resist the Jin Dynasty, Emperor Xiaozong, who had just ascended the throne, rehabilitated and sealed Yue Jiajun. Zhang Xian was posthumously named as the commander of the Dragon Guardian, the observer of Langzhou and the ambassador of Ningyuan. In the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed as Liewenhou, and a shrine was built in his hometown of Langzhou to commemorate it.
Zhangxian Temple covers an area of about 3 mu. It is located west to east, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and has the image of an round-backed chair. The ancestral temple was chosen in this area on the mountainside of Jinping by predecessors, which can be regarded as a treasure trove of geomantic omen. Coupled with the vigorous pine and cypress, the camphor and green poplar with both rigidity and softness, the temple is surrounded tightly, which is even more solemn and quiet. The statue of Zhang Xian is placed in the courtyard instead of in the temple, which is also a kind of unique performance: Zhang Xiangong has a high grievance, and his ambition is not paid. Although he is dead, his heart is unwilling, so the statue is not stable in the temple but stands in your majesty. Look at him wearing golden armor, pressing his sword with his left hand, touching his waist with his right hand, and standing majestic. Looking at his expression again, the garden glared as if to ask: what is the crime of resisting Jin Baoguo? He frowned, as if he was saddened by his failure to persuade Yue Fei to return to the DPRK. Seeing this, we will all feel that history is the most just and the people's heart is the most fair by associating with the tomb of Yuewang, which is immortal, and the kneeling statue of Qin Gui, which is notorious for thousands of years.
What we see now is the Stargazing Tower, which is the pride of the ancient city of Langzhong. As we said at the beginning, in the magnificent starry sky of ancient astronomical research in the motherland, there was a magnificent picture of stars competing for glory in Langzhong. He gave birth to great astronomers, such as Luo Xiahong, Ren Wensun and his son, Zhou Shuzu and Sun San Dai, who made outstanding contributions to astronomy and meteorology in China, making Langzhong the largest astronomical research center in China during the Han and Tang Dynasties. In particular, taichu calendar, an epoch-making author in the history of astronomy in the world, is a great astronomer and mathematician. Luoxiahong (156 BC-87 BC), a native of Langzhong, is proficient in astronomy and good at calendar calculation. He was recruited by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and his official position is to be imperial. There are three greatest contributions to astronomical science in one's life: first, he founded the Huntian theory, which holds that the universe is changing and the change is regular; The second is to create the armillary sphere, which was the most scientific and precise celestial observation instrument in the world at that time, and established the star-watching building; Third, taichu calendar was made, which was the first written calendar in history. The astronomical research achievements of Luoxia Hong have great influence on the astronomical research in China and even the world. Joseph Needham of Britain said in the History of Science and Technology in China that he is a brilliant constellation in the field of astronomy in the world.
Under the influence of Luoxiahong, two astronomers, Ren Wensun and Ren Wengong, were born at the end of the Han Dynasty. On the basis of the astronomical research of Luoxiahong, Ren Shi and his son have unique views on meteorology, which can predict storms, droughts and floods and make great contributions to the development of astronomy and meteorology.
In the Three Kingdoms period, three generations of Zhou Shu, Zhou Qun and Zhou Ju's grandparents and grandchildren in Langzhong devoted themselves to astronomy, becoming another astronomical family after succeeding their father and son. They built a rooftop in their own courtyard, did not avoid the cold and heat, observed for many years, and diligently accumulated information to judge, thus drawing very accurate conclusions.
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Because there are a large number of astronomical researchers in Langzhong, many astronomical experts in the past dynasties have been attracted here. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the famous astronomer Yuan Tiangang moved to Xianxie Sakura during the reign of Emperor Gaozong (65). Poke? Watering? ⒐ 坌 ㄒ ㄒ ㄒ ㄒ ㄒ t? Is it small to get rid of the rod basket = is it difficult to shake it? ъ ъ ъ ъ ъ ъ 捌湫 fierce? Interpretation? In 64, he also came to Langzhong to continue his research on astronomy and mathematics, and Li Chunfeng was buried in Langzhong after his death.
The quaint hall in front is Jinping Forest of Steles, which contains more than 26 pieces of calligraphy and painting ink of famous people in past dynasties, with exquisite carving and rich contents. Among them, the han li Monument, Du Fu's Poems, Guanyin in Wu Daozi, Bamboo in Zheng Banqiao and Tiger in Zhang Shanzi are the most praised.
This is the Eight Immortals Cave. According to legend, Lv Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals, once practiced here. The cave is more than meters deep and about 17 meters wide, with the statue of the Eight Immortals. Outside the cave, Feixian Pavilion's eaves and teeth are towering, and the old trees cover the ground in shade. It really has the taste of Zhong Ling's elegance. No wonder Yuan Tiangang, a astrologer in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a book on the mountain wall, which made this mountain indelible. The spirit is the only eight characters.
Perhaps it is because of the legend of Lv Dongbin's monasticism here that later generations built a palace view composed of group buildings on the mountain and named it Lv Zuge. The building follows the mountain trend, with the central attic as the main body, with a slant hall and a long corridor, covering an area of more than 2, square meters.
some people say that standing at the Eight Immortals Cave in Jinping Mountain and looking at the ancient city of Langzhong, you can best see the wonderful geomantic omen of the ancient city and the superb ideas of the predecessors in building the city. You see, Jialing River makes a big bend at the foot of the mountain, forming a peninsula on the other side. The river is clear, just like a jade belt, and the ancient city is built on the peninsula. Panlong Mountain is like a dragon winding behind it, Jinping Mountain is like a painted screen covering the front, and the left and right mountains support it. The market in the city is like flowers and leaves, which takes care of the landscape, making the ancient city based on the environment of harmony with nature and embodying the unity of man and nature. I don't know anything about geomantic omen. I just think it's intoxicating to see the ancient city from Jinping Mountain, and the beautiful scenery of the mountains and rivers and towers complement each other. Or Lu You's poem said it well: the flying pavilion in the city is connected with a dangerous pavilion, and the city is like a brocade screen everywhere. I went to Jinping Mountain on the river, but I looked at the outline of the city like Danqing. No wonder Du Fu wrote poems praising Jinping Mountain for visiting this place. Dear guests, do you feel the same way? Ancient city dwellings
Let's go for a tour now.