For example, water can express the feeling of youth passing away, express sadness and express the sigh of regime change;
"Spring Grass" can be used to write about the ruin of the country or the endless spring sorrow;
Moon, you can write reunion or farewell;
Du Fu can write about the arrival of summer and spring in the past, or he can write about the suffering of lovesickness.
Willow, but write farewell, you can write farewell thoughts, you can also write the passage of spring;
Banana, you can write down the loneliness and bitterness in your heart;
Pine trees can be written as indomitable;
Snow can write white feelings;
Wait, there are many more. The difference between Tang poetry and Song ci poetry and later poems lies in that there are many ideas in Tang poetry, so it has rich connotations.
Image is the soul of poetry art and an objective image, which casts the author's subjective feelings in poetry. In the long course of China's classical poetry, many traditional images have been formed, and their meanings are basically fixed. If we are familiar with these images, it will be of great help to appreciate poetry.
First, farewell images (or expressing reluctant feelings, or describing thoughts after parting)
1. Willow. It originated from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Cai Wei, "I was absent in the past, Liu Yiyi; Today I think about it, it's raining ",and the reluctant state of willow trees and the reluctant feeling of farewell are combined." "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic. When the ancients bid farewell, they often expressed their deep feelings of parting by folding willows, so that many literati used this to express their resentment and nostalgia. For example, in Liu Yong's "Yu Lin Ling", "Where to wake up tonight? "Yang Liuan", "The Twilight of the Morning Wind" and so on.
2. Pavilion. In ancient times, there were pavilions along the road for travelers to stop to rest or see off. For example, Yu Xin, a writer in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, wrote "Mourning for the South of the Yangtze River": "Ten miles and five miles, roadside pavilions. It's called ten miles and one long pavilion, and five miles and one short pavilion. " "Long Pavilion" has become an image with feelings of parting, which constantly appears in ancient farewell poems. For example, in Liu Yong's Yulin Order, "It's cold and sad, and the pavilion is too late".
3. Nanpu. Nanpu often appears in the farewell poems of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and becomes a common image in the farewell poems, which has a lot to do with the famous sentence "Go east to exchange children and send beautiful women to Nanpu" in Qu Yuan's Nine Songs Hebo. Jiang Yan, a writer in the Southern Dynasties, wrote about Beppu ("Spring grass is green and spring water is surging. It hurts to send you to Nanpu!" After that, Nanpu obviously added farewell poems; Farewell poems in the Tang and Song Dynasties are more common, such as "Nanpu is sad and the west wind is curling in autumn" in Bai Juyi's Nanpu Bie in the Tang Dynasty.
4. wine. Yang Zai, the Yuan Song, said, "Anyone who gives people more wine to show their feelings and writes about the scenery to cheer them up is grateful." Wine can not only relieve depression, but also contain deep blessings. There are countless poems that associate wine with parting. For example, Wang Wei's "Wei Cheng Qu" advises you to drink more and leave Yangguan for no reason, and Bai Juyi's "Drinking without joy, leaving without joy, being broad and bright" all use wine to express your feelings of parting.
Second, homesickness (or expressing homesickness or caring for relatives)
1. Moon. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poems is synonymous with homesickness. For example, Li Bai's "Thinking about a Quiet Night": "The foot of the bed is bright, is there frost? . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " Especially Su Shi's When is the Bright Moon? : "I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery for thousands of miles." Starting from good wishes, write brotherhood. The artistic conception is open-minded, cheerful and meaningful, and you can experience the unfathomable and wonderful natural realm.
2. Hongyan: Hongyan is a large migratory bird. Every autumn, it struggles to fly back to its lair, which often causes homesickness and sadness of wanderers, so poets often use geese to express their feelings. For example, in Li Qingzhao's "A Piece of Plum", "The word geese return, and the moon is full of the West Building". In the West Chamber at the end of Yuan Dynasty, Cui Yingying Changting sang "Blue sky and yellow land, tight west wind, flying north and south". Who is drunk in Xiao Lai's frost forest? Always leaving people crying ",the scene is born together, and its feelings are unbearable, and it has become a swan song. "
3. Braised bass. Canon "Hanshu Zhangzhuan". According to legend, Hans Zhang of the Jin Dynasty was an official in Luoyang. Seeing the autumn wind, I thought of the delicious "Cuojiang Ji" in my hometown, so I resolutely abandoned my official position and returned to my hometown. Since then, the idiom "thinking in a pinch" has been used to express homesickness. Later, literati used "Chuigeng Road" and "Chuilu Qiu Si" to refer to homesickness. For example, Mr. Ma Xingye, the former president of the Kuomintang Central Daily, once wrote a poem entitled "Thanks to Mr. Nan for his delicious food": "Thanks to Ganji, the land tastes long and Yanshan Ouhai is original. I feel a little tears in front of my eyes. I want to try raw fish. " How many people shed tears of homesickness and affection.
4. Double carp. Carp refers to letters. This allusion comes from Han Yuefu's poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave": "The guest came from afar and left me two carp. Hu Er cooks carp with books in it. " In ancient times, people used carp-shaped letters to collect books and letters, so many literati also used carp instead of letters in their poems. For example, Yan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Butterfly Loves Flowers": "Butterfly flies, there is nowhere to ask, and the tall buildings are separated by water, and the Pisces are broken." A Qing poet Song Wan met Zhou Huacen: "Long-lost Iraqis, make a pair of carp."
In addition, there are behavioral images such as "smashing clothes", which also express concern for relatives. The state of dressing under the moon and the sound of the wind sending the anvil not only remind women of their own pain, but also easily touch the feelings of wanderers, so the image of dressing is also one of the traditional homesickness images. For example, in the third paragraph of Li Bai's Midnight Wu Ge in the Tang Dynasty, "A bright moon hangs high in the capital, and ten thousand hammers wash it. The autumn wind blew Yi Dao's voice, and every household remembered the people guarding the border. Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! ? "
Third, the image of sadness (or expressing sadness, or rendering a bleak and sad atmosphere)
1. Indus River. In China's classical poetry, it is a symbol of desolation and sadness. For example, Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound" in the Song Dynasty: "The phoenix tree is raining and dripping at dusk." Xu Zaisi, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote "Double Water Diversion and Rain Fairy at Night": "A sound of Ye Qiu, a little banana and a little sorrow, dreaming of the third night." They all write their own joys and sorrows with the falling leaves of plane trees.
2. bananas. In poetry, it is often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially parting. There is Li Qingzhao's ugly slave adding words in the Song Dynasty: "Who fills the atrium with banana trees in front of the window?" Yin is full of heart and leaves are full of love. " Pour out sadness and melancholy.
3. running water. Water and endless troubles in China's ancient poems