The first step of language appreciation is to analyze the language. Only by accurately understanding the language of the work can we make a more progressive judgment, evaluation and appreciation of the work. Language analysis generally focuses on the choice of words and sentences and the understanding of sentence meaning.
Choosing words and making sentences generally involves the meaning of words, allusions, the subtlety of words and sentences. Examine some key words and sentences that play a key role in expressing the theme, deepening the artistic conception and highlighting the image. For example, let the spring breeze be green, and Jiang Nanan let the green word appreciate; Make fun of clouds, the moon, flowers, shadows, tease the taste of the word and so on.
Understanding the meaning of a sentence generally examines the meaning or implication of a sentence, and the sentences chosen are often concise and meaningful. For example, teasing Liu's understanding of the sentence meaning, teasing the monarch's sentence meaning and so on. Thirdly, teasing Hualin Xie Chunhong is too hasty, but the cold rain and evening breeze describe the self-anguish, which includes hatred, family hatred, grief and lamentation, and teasing elegance.
2. Image analysis
Grasping the image of poetry is the basic way to understand poetry.
Image image.
Including the objective image (described by the author, "Red Cliff Nostalgia" Zhou Yu)
Subjective image (the work creates a lyrical master, and Yu Lin Ling teases me)
Poetry club refines things (as an image, "guests" ridicule snuff)
Image (image of things, cicada)
Scenery (the image of scenery, teasing lonely smoke in the desert, teasing thousands of pear trees)
Grasping the meaning of image is the key to appreciate merit. For example, I tease the solitary sail, and the distant shadow is like the blue of the sky, but I see the image of teasing the solitary sail and the distant shadow depicted by the river flow, and realize that the author is reluctant to give up the deep and rich friendship from the ferry to the distant shadow. Then, I made fun of where I woke up tonight, Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and Canyue, and so on.
3. Evaluate the writing skill style.
The analysis of classical poetry writing skills focuses on face-to-face teaching;
Various rhetorical functions of the body;
Analyze the expression in poetry;
Analysis of poetic structure skills;
Analyze his writing skills.
1) Rhetoric: metaphor, metonymy, parody, even, exaggeration, elaboration, repetition, thimble, foil and rhetorical question.
(Fu Bixing, symbol)
2) Expression: narration, description, discussion and lyricism.
Description style: static combination, virtual combination | point-surface combination, light-dark combination, side combination, thick line outline, fine description, happy scenery and sad scenery of Syaraku.
Lyric style: express one's feelings directly, express one's feelings by borrowing scenery, embody feelings in the scenery and blend the scenery into the environment.
3) Structural skills: care from beginning to end, in-depth layer by layer, always first, scenery first, crossing, paving and foreshadowing.
4) Performance: Fu, Bi and Xing; Suppress change, layout description, symbol association, foil, comparison, rendering, expression, imagination, association, care, expression, word order inversion, etc.
5) Chapter structure: cut to the chase, write the theme, express your ambition, feelings, understanding, deepen layer by layer, take care of others, pave the way, etc.
6) Thoughts and feelings: infatuation, sadness, melancholy, loneliness, injury, loneliness, boredom, calmness, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, and concern for the people.
7) Function: deepening artistic conception, deepening theme, profound artistic conception, beautiful artistic conception, meaningful, intriguing and far-reaching influence.
Allusions: generally express feelings through the past, satirize the present through the past, and hurt the present through nostalgia.
Imagination: be wider, don't cut it.
Set off or contrast: contrast, borrow.
Rendering: Highlight the image and strengthen the artistic effect.
Symbol: to express similar or similar concepts, ideas and characteristics.
Moderation: sudden emphasis
Sketch: concise pen and ink, depicting vivid images.
The analysis of poetic style should be combined with the background of Pingyou's first poem.
4. Evaluate the ideological content of the work
Poetry uses specific language to describe, express and convey poetic feelings, which is what I call interesting ideas. Concerning about worrying about the country and the people, the destruction of the family, the sadness of tourists and the resentment of thinking about women, it is difficult for me to find that the thoughts and feelings expressed in classical poetry are sad, lonely, hurt, lonely, indifferent, leisurely, passionate, admired and resentful.
Strengthen written expression
Written expression training requires fresh paper, rigorous expression, clear rules and reasonable logic.
The requirements for refreshing paper must be detailed. Although the appreciation of words is less than that of composition, we must follow the principle of teasing before writing, thinking before writing, and avoid smearing. The examination paper is very refreshing, the marking teacher is also very happy, and the shape of the examination questions is more impressive.
The rigor of expression means paying attention to the rigor of expression, taking care before discussion, starting, inheriting, turning and combining, so as to take care of others and be more forward-looking.
Clear structural requirements. Generally speaking, the use of, two, three, four or first, the logo is obvious, and the evaluation is often clear.
Logic is reasonable, that is to say, even if the point of view is funny, the people who see it should be able to justify themselves.
Poetry content
1.
The characteristic of chanting poems is to express one's feelings with objects. When appreciating poems about objects, we must pay attention to the feelings entrusted by the author in describing things. Some object-chanting poems are implicit and need me to read and understand.
Yu Qian's poem "Lyrics of Lime": It stirs up thousands of waters in Qian Shan, and there is nothing to burn when you are free. If you are afraid of broken bones, leave a room clean. The value of this poem lies in that Lyme speaks for himself everywhere, expressing his self-loyalty, fearing the sacrifice of his will, sticking to noble sentiments, and praising Lyme from an open and aboveboard perspective with lofty innocence.
2. Frontier poems
The frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are bold, bold and forward, representing high quality and Cen Can. The frontier poems in Song Dynasty can better represent Fan Zhongyan and express his resentment and anguish towards his hometown. The characteristic of frontier fortress poems is to express modern characteristics from the same angle. When appreciating them, we should first grasp the characteristics of the times and examine whether the works contain the same thoughts and feelings.
Recite poetry
It is said that writing landscape poems is lyrical, and the characteristic of chanting poems is lyrical.
Recite epic poems
Eulogize the epic with concise and carefully selected images, integrate with self, society and history, lament the rise and fall of dynasties, lament the rapid changes of years, or satirize the debauchery and shame of politicians, which shows the author's meditation on vicissitudes of life and contains a deep sense of nostalgia and painful lessons.
language feature
Language is the carrier of poetry, and analyzing language is an important part of literary appreciation. Only by accurately understanding the language of the work can we further evaluate and appreciate the work.
(1) fresh. Its characteristic language is novel and conventional.
Bi Du Fu's quatrains: Make two orioles sing green willows and walk with egrets. There are snow in Xiling and ten thousand ships in Wu Dong on the window. Four sentences are written about four kinds of scenery, scenery, quiet scenery, gorgeous colors and fresh language. So Xin Qiji's Xijiang Moon? Night tour of Huangsha Road, poor happiness? Living in a village, the language used is fresh and lively.
2 dull, called dull. Its characteristics are directly stated in exact words or described in a simple way, embellished, true and profound, and easy to understand.
Tao Yuanming's poem "Returning to the Garden" describes family affairs and events in plain language, while Li Yu's poem "Yumei" uses plain and profound language.
(3) gorgeous. It is characterized by rich rhetoric, gorgeous literary talent and fantastic feelings.
Li Shangyin's poem "Title", Li He's poem "Li Ping's Poetry" and Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" describe musical passages.
(4) lively. It is characterized by firmness and fragmentation.
Li Qingzhao's early words "Point your lips?" Broken swings, Bai Juyi's poems, etc.
(5) Implication. Its characteristics are direct narration, twists and turns, meaningful, or trigger, or want to say goodbye, so that readers can appreciate it.
Du Mu's poems, Li Qingzhao's poems and so on.
(6) Be concise, clean and concise. Jia Dao's poems, Su Shi's ci.
Six paradigms for solving the problem of appreciation of ancient poetry
1. Analysis of Artistic Conception Category
Question: Does a poem (word) create artistic conception?
Problem solving analysis: different types of questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the combination of poetic images (that is, images) to construct an imaginary realm, including scenery, emotion and environment, which is lacking in three aspects.
The answer paradigm: draw a picture (describe a poem to show the picture)+point atmosphere (summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scene)+analyze feelings (analyze the author's thoughts and feelings).
Example: Read the first Tang poem and answer the questions. (Question 12 in 2005)
Spring scenery (Li Hua)
In Yiyang City, grass grows and warblers fly, and water flows from east to west.
When talking about poetry creation in ancient times, I said: there are both poetry and scenery. Please enjoy a poem from the perspective of teasing feelings and scenery.
Chengming: The author of the first poem pokes fun at what he saw and heard during his spring outing: grass and water, trees and mountains, flowers and birds, which are called sentence scenery, and each painting has its own characteristics (depicting scenery). The scenery is pure, the emotion is full, and the scene is blended. In the poem, flowers fall and birds crow in the air, which shows the tranquility of the mountain. (a little atmosphere) also reveals that silk hurts spring and is sad (analyzing feelings).
2. Skill type analysis
Question: Does a poem (word) use a vivid hand? What's the effect?
Problem solving analysis: express handwritten poems (words) by expressing feelings.
The answer paradigm: clear hand (what kind of hand is used)+explanation and application (how to use that kind of hand with poems)+analysis and effect (expressing poetry, portraying images or expressing themes with hands).
Example: Read two ancient poems and answer the questions. (Zhejiang VolumeNo. 16, 2005)
Qi 'an County (Dumu)
Two poles landed on the bridge, half a wisp of smoke and willow shadows.
Sunset swimming pool (Yangwan)
The fine grass shakes suddenly, and the shawl stops the west wind. Lotus is still worried about the heat in the evening, and the blue umbrella is hidden under its face.
Both poems depict the image of Doulian with vivid hands? Please point out the resonance characteristics of the two poems and make a brief analysis.
Clarity: Both poems use quasi-expressive hands (open hands). The first song teases Qinghe to make him hate and tease the west wind (explanation), which contains poetic hatred and shows the tone of grief and indignation (analysis). The first one teased the lotus, which was hiding in the lotus, but showed a shy state (explanation), showing the author's pity and joy, and the tone was interesting (analysis).
3. Language type analysis
Q: What are the characteristics of a poem (word)?
Solution analysis: try to figure out the skills of using other words in this kind of questions, and try to taste the language style of the whole poem (word). The answers used are as follows: fresh, simple, gorgeous, easy to sing, colloquial, euphemistic, bold and graceful, etc.
The answer paradigm: defining the characteristics (two words accurately point out the language characteristics)+enumerating examples (specifically analyzing the characteristics with poetic sentences)+analyzing feelings (referring to expressing poetic feelings)
Example: Read the first Tang poem and answer the questions. (The third inspection in Chongqing in 2003)
Watch and pray for rain (Li Yue)
Mulberry leaves smoke in the soil, Xiaolong Water Temple in Xiaoguan, and several songs and dances in Zhumen, fearing that the spring sounds will swallow the strings.
What are the expressive techniques and language features of the first poem? Try to make a simple evaluation.
Qing: The language is implicit and ironic (with Ming characteristics). The first sentence pokes fun at mulberry leaves and local smoke, which brings feelings to the scenery and implicitly expresses farmers' yearning for the spring rain and their worries about burning. In the fourth sentence, Zhu Men is worried that the spring sound (rain) will damp the orchestral strings and affect the appreciation (give examples). It provokes anxiety, creates two kinds of feelings, and makes sympathy and indignation in the poem penetrate into it and overflow out of the poem (analyzing feelings).
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Question type: conjunction?
Solution analysis: ancient poetry pays attention to refined words, which requires tasting the beauty of refined words. When answering questions, you should look at the words in isolation and analyze them in combination with the artistic conception of the whole poem.
The answer paradigm: explain the meaning (explain the meaning of the sentence)+describe the scene (put the words in the original sentence to describe the scene)+point the scene (point the words to set off the artistic conception or express feelings)
Example: Read the first Tang poem and answer the questions. (Third World Issues in 2003)
Ji Xiang Temple (Wang Wei)
Know Ji Xiang Temple, and count Yunfeng. The ancient animal husbandry trail, but now I hear bells on high places.
Spring water swallows dangerous rocks, and pine trees are cold. At dusk, by a dry pond, thoughts can conquer the dragon of passion.
Note: meditation: Buddhist language, refers to meditation with eyes closed and distracting thoughts. Dragon: refers to secular distractions.
In ancient times, poetry criticism was used to tease the eyes of poetry. The so-called poetic eyes often refer to the refined and vivid words used in a poem. What words do you think are funny in the last two sentences of a poem? Please enjoy the whole poem briefly.
Qing: teasing poetic eyes, not teasing throat, teasing cold. The mountain stream spring is blocked by rocks, which sounds like a sob. According to the color of pine trees, it seems that it is cold because of the darkness of the forest (explain the meaning and describe the scene). The words "teasing throat" and "teasing cold" are vivid, concise and vivid, showing the quiet and lonely scene of the mountain (artistic conception) (feeling).
5. Words (sentences) dominate the whole poetic style.
Question type: the key to the whole poem of a word (sentence).
Solution analysis: Ancient poems (words) do not pay attention to conception, but often words, words or sentences can give clues to the whole poem, construct the tone of the whole poem, grasp the common propositions, and examine the degree of grasping the whole poem.
Answer paradigm: thinking structure (structure works)+thinking theme (sudden theme works)
Example: Read the first Song poem and answer the questions. (Liaoning Volume 16, 2006)
Dongpo (Su Shi)
The rain washed Dongpo, the moonlight was clear, and the streets were wild. Don't hesitate to climb the hill and drag the stick.
Note: Poems written by Su Shi who relegated Huangzhou. Dongpo, Su Shi Huangzhouju Agricultural College. The appearance of rocks.
What is the function of the first poem? Please enjoy it briefly.
Chengming: The first sentence lays the groundwork, depicting a moonlit map of Dongpo in the rain, creating a quiet atmosphere (thinking structure) and setting off the author's spiritual realm (thinking theme).
6. the same point of view
Question type: recognition, recognition, feeling?
Solution analysis: according to the original poem (word), the original poem (word) must find the reason, find the reason.
Answer paradigm: find the main point (find the main point of the original poem)+article description (translation form)
Example: Read the first word and answer the question. (Zhejiang Volume 16, 2004)
Bodhisattva Man (Li Bai)
The flat forest is smoky in the desert, and the cold mountain hurts the blue. Color into the tall building, the building is sad. The jade steps stand empty, and the birds go around. Where to return? The pavilion is shorter.
Regarding the expression of the first word, I think it is funny to miss my hometown, I think it is funny to miss my wife, and I think it is both. what do you think? Please briefly explain the reasons.
Qing: homesick: two sentences to swim in front of the scenery; Three to six sentences are about touching the scenery and imagining that the home is looking forward to returning to the scene; Two sentences lament that the journey is far away, which adds more sorrow to the homecoming period (find the main points and describe them).
Miss a woman and expect her to return: miss a woman and see the sadness in the evening; Write five or six sentences, thinking of women standing on the jade steps and missing swimming when the birds return; Write two sentences: I miss my wife very much, I really want to swim home, and I sigh during the meeting.
The two: the whole word "homesickness" and "homesickness for wife" are mutually exaggerated, conveying the feelings of acacia and two carefree feelings.
The first poem uses (expressive technique, rhetorical technique, expressive technique) to write (image) and (so-and-so) to express (suddenly) the thoughts and feelings of (so-and-so) and play the role of (so-and-so).
Interpretation of key concepts
1. Contrast
This painting technique is to use ink or color to set off the outline of the object, so that the object stands out obviously. Used in artistic creation, it refers to the intentional description on the side as a foil, which makes the things to be expressed stand out clearly. In contrast, Qin Luofu set off the beauty of Qin Luofu by teasing walkers and young people, making cicadas quiet, while Tonamiyama was quieter, teasing monks to knock on the moon door and teasing the moon to startle birds.
Use allusions
Use allusions, that is, poetry quotes historical facts and uses allusions. Ancient poetry pays attention to the use of allusions, which not only makes poetry concise, rich in content, vivid and implicit, but also concise and interesting, which enhances the expressive force of the works. Gu Beiting in Jingkou used five allusions to remember the past: Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yilong, Beaver and Lian Po. These allusions are related to the history of Jingkou, and the poems implicitly express their thoughts and feelings through some historical facts.
In addition, we also used pre-poems and songs, and used classics. Almost every sentence in Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting promotes the cultural connotation of the article; Jiang Kui's "Slow Yangzhou" is more vivid than reality, and it is not a thing of the past.
3. Virtual reality
In ancient discourse, concepts, emptiness and reality, reality and emptiness were used; Objective reality, subjective deficiency; Concrete reality, abstract emptiness; Imagination is empty in front of you ... poetry expands the artistic conception of poetry by hand. Liu Yong's Lin Yuling is different in front of you, so don't imagine it is empty. In Yongmei by Li Yu, the first six sentences are empty, that is, teasing the spring flowers and the autumn moon, but little is known about the past. Last night, the east wind was solid, so it was like the first month.
Breakthrough in Appreciation of Ancient Poetry in College Entrance Examination
1. A breakthrough in the title of poetry
The title summarizes the important contents of the work, reveals the clues of the work and lays the foundation for the author's feelings.
Example: the bamboo window smells the wind and sends the wonderful method to the plum tree.
The breeze started me to sit in the dusk, and I was thinking leisurely.
Dewdrops, slightly moss. How to enter Sapporo and brush the green harp?
Titles tease the clues of the whole poem and are the key to understanding the connotation of the whole poem. The neck couplet says that the wind blows the leaves, and the dew grows moss, which means writing the wind; At the end of the poem, I went to Sapporo to brush my moxa, talk about the wind and daydreaming, expecting the wind to send my thoughts and friends away. See, the whole article closely revolves around teasing the wind as an artistic conception, conveying the image of the breeze, expressing the lonely feelings of the poem and expressing the feelings of missing the old friend.
2. Poetry describes the scenery, making it cool and warm.
Poems written in ancient times are all lyric poems, expressing feelings with scenery and scenery. To appreciate, we should first find words to write the scenery, then appreciate the scenery written for relieving cold and warmth, and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.
Ex.: Shuimenkou sent two Du Fu songs.
Guo Xuan is open, with villages overlooking credit. Chengjiang has a small flat bank and trees bloom late.
Drizzle fish, breeze. The city100000 households, two or three households.
The first poem mainly describes the scenery in two or three parts. The poem first depicts the surrounding environment of the beautiful thatched cottage with Chengjiang in the evening and quiet flowers and trees, and then depicts the vibrant spring scenery with drizzling fish and gentle breeze. You see, fish are swaying in the drizzle, swallows are blowing in the breeze, flying lightly, cheerful and free! Poetry paints warm scenery and expresses a kind of post-war happiness.
3. The breakthrough in the choice of poetic images.
Images in China's ancient poems all have specific meanings, and poems usually choose specific images to express their unique feelings. I appreciate poetry by expressing images, accumulating images, trying to figure out the meaning of images and understanding the content of works.
Example: Five Poems of Wang Changling's New Autumn.
The golden well phoenix tree has yellow autumn leaves, and the bead curtain is covered with night cream. The jade pillow in the smoke cage has distinct colors.
The first sentence of the poem plays up the bleak atmosphere by teasing the autumn leaves of the phoenix tree, while the third sentence sets off the cold night environment of the deep palace with the progress of the smoke cage. Combined with the last sentence, we can know that the voice leaked from Nangong (the emperor's residence) is sad and diffuse because of the melancholy and sleepless mood.
4. Breakthrough of implied keywords in poetry
Poetry is the product of emotion, which can capture some words that can express poetry, so find the key to appreciate poetry.
Example: Jiang Lou Lao Zhao Wei
Du Jiang Lou Muse, moonlight and water. Where did you watch the moon together? The scenery is blurred.
The first sentence is full of poetic tone, in which I peep at the window of the world. Why is this poem funny? Thinking about image? Connecting with Wen Zhi, poetry arouses the yearning of friends because of seeing similar scenery.
5. The work contains a poetic breakthrough.
The writing of ancient poetry pays special attention to the choice of words and sentences, and strives to make them vivid and vivid. Some sentences with poetic vision can often reflect the connotation and expression skills of the works.
Example: Dong Shimen wrote in Lu Jun's Send Du and Li Bai.
Not drunk a few times, full pool on stage. He Shimen Road, a big bottle?
Surabaya is full of autumn waves, and the sea is bright. The eaves and walls are far away, and the cup is exhausted!
The third description of the poem, the words "tease" and "tease" are concise and vivid. This poem is eye-catching, teasing and drowning, and it seems to fall, making it a static image state; Tease Ming to give a static self-color, saying that Culai Mountain is green and light green, which reflects Culai Mountain. It is difficult to find the beauty of poetry and landscape writing, and it is also difficult to find the purity and evil of friendship.
6. The author experienced a breakthrough.
Making fun of poetry to express one's ambition, the author's experience is the same, (1) the ideological tendency expressed by poetry is the same, and appreciation hinders the breakthrough of the author's contemporary environment and experience.
Example: Qingpingle? Xin Qiji, Wangshi Temple in Dushu Boshan
Hungry mice are around the bed, bats are dancing with lights, the loose wind is blowing in the room, and the broken paper windows are talking to themselves, which makes the whole country look pale. In the dream of autumn night, I can see the Qian Shan in front of me.
Xin Qiji, a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, insisted on resisting gold, was taken seriously and regretted it. His words were written to express his enthusiasm for restoring his family, and he poured out his grief and indignation. His first sentence expressed his concern about the people's ambitions and ambitions.
7. Breakthrough of poetic allusions.
Ancient poetry creation, with the help of some allusions to express a broad and profound theme. I pay attention to some allusions and interpret some allusions, which is helpful to grasp the theme of the work.
Exodus: Send Du Mu away
Down and out, the rivers and lakes carry wine, and the waist is thin and the palm is light.
The slender classic "Han Fei?" Second in command: tease King Chu Ling's waist, hungry. Joking lightly refers to Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty, who is light and dancing. The poem borrows two handles to deliberately show that he has been addicted to debauchery and debauchery. Looking at the third sentence, teasing ten times is in sharp contrast to teasing for a long time, which shows the profundity of this poem.
8. Breakthrough of poetry annotation
Appreciating the original poem and reading some notes will help to understand the author and his works, and then more accurately understand the author's feelings and the contents of his works.
For example: Li Bai, who boarded Yueyang Tower on the 12th day of summer.
The view of the building is full of Yueyang, and the Sichuan Cave is wide. Wild geese bring sorrow, while mountains hold the moon.
Couches and cups between clouds. Drunk and cool, blowing dance sleeves.
[Note] The poem was written in the autumn and summer of Li Bai's exile 12, and Li Bai's friend ranked 12.
Poetry annotation provides the writing background of poetry, which makes you want to meet forgiveness when you are in exile. Poetry should be written briskly. Poetry is endowed with life by all things: geese fly high, taking away the sadness and depression of poetry; Yueshankou, like Junshan, has the title of Reunion Month. The affectionate scenery sets off the extremely happy mood when poetry meets forgiveness.
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I just reviewed and sorted it out.
silkworm
I think such a question is meaningless.