With the appearance of court culture, Turkish music experienced the evolution from folk to classical, and the 16th century composer Itri brought Turkish music to a peak. Daidai, Haji Aref Beye and Tambuli Jamalbye are all masters of Turkish classical music. Turkish classical music is enduring and still widely loved. Turkish pop music is born out of traditional music. Turkish classical music mainly uses traditional musical instruments such as tambourine, kanon, Qian Geqin, Naixiao and Ude. For centuries, folk music has also developed slowly in rural areas of Turkey, with a variety of themes and rhythms, and tens of thousands of folk songs have been circulated so far. Turkish religious classical music, which is dominated by songs, also has centuries of history and extremely rich traditions, and reached the peak of art represented by Mevlevi. The Sultan of Turkey invited western orchestras to entertain at major festivals such as weddings, which was the beginning of Turkey's exposure to western classical music. Dong Ze, a great Italian composer, conducted the court orchestra for many years. Turkey's first military band was formed in the 19th century.
The Presidential Symphony Orchestra (1924) and the Istanbul Chamber Orchestra established during the * * * period played a major role in introducing and popularizing symphonies in Turkey. Turkish folk songs and Turkish classical music are the source of inspiration for Turkish composers. At present, conductors Hilmet Simsek and Guler Hicar, pianists Idil Bilet and Juhail, sisters sohail Paginar and violinist Suna Kan have all become world-renowned artists. Leila Gencel is one of the leading sopranos of La Scala Opera, and she is very popular every time she returns to her hometown Istanbul. As a carrier that has influenced the history, legends, myths and political and social changes of this ancient land for thousands of years, literature has always been an important part of Turkish cultural life. The earliest pre-Islamic literary heritage is the Orhun inscription found in central Mongolia, which was engraved on two huge stone tablets in 735 AD and recorded the deeds of a Turkish king brother. During the Ottoman period, poetry was the main literary genre, mainly using Anatolian dialect or Ottoman language, and the main theme was beauty and romance. Ottoman palace literature is deeply influenced by Persian culture, and its literary language is a mixture of Arabic, Persian and Turkish. Different from the tedious palace literature, the folk literature created by Turkish troubadours once praised nature, love and God in simple Turkish. In the 2th century, the language of Turkish literature tends to be simplified, and the subject matter is more focused on politics, society and people's livelihood. Under the influence of Russian poet Mayakovski, Nadhim Khikmet, a great and controversial poet in politics, wrote free poems in 193s. Today, Yashar Kemal has become a recognized master of Turkish popular novels with his vivid and vivid description of Turkish life. Young Turkish writers often go beyond ordinary social problems and try to explore issues such as women's rights and the opposition between East and West, which has always been welcomed by Turkish intellectuals. Pamuk, Nedim Gulsel, Ahmed altan and pienaar Kuhl are the rising stars in contemporary Turkish literature.