Oh, no, don't forget Sichuan there, and don't squeeze luparia.
Deeply rooted in the soil, it was a poisoned wine,
Don't let the ruby grapes of the Queen of Hell-
A kiss from Solanum nigrum marks your pale forehead;
Don't string your rosary with water.
Don't let beetles and dying moths
Act as the embodiment of the soul, don't let the sinister
The owl accompanied him and revealed the sad secret;
Because shadow superposition will only be more difficult,
A depressed soul never wakes up.
2
When the melancholy mood suddenly drops,
Like a crying cloud in the sky,
Moistening the withered flowers,
White fog in April hangs over the green hills.
Nourish your sorrow in the morning light,
The glittering rainbow on the sea,
Or a bunch of peony flowers;
Or, if your lover hates you,
Don't argue, just hold her soft hand,
Sip deeply at the purity of her beautiful eyes.
three
She lives with beauty-beauty is predestined,
Joey, always put your finger between your lips.
Prepare to blow a kiss goodbye; Adjacent to it is painful pleasure,
As long as bees suck, it becomes poisonous juice.
Oh, in the palace of happy life,
Hidden melancholy has supreme idols,
Although I only chewed the happy sour fruit,
Only people with a keen sense of taste have a chance to see it;
Once the soul touches the power of her sadness,
Surrender immediately, hanging on the Baiyun monument.
(Wesley Wang)
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Ode to Melancholy is Keats' shortest ode, and its form is very regular. Poets use regular verses to match the argumentative theme structure of poetry. The whole poem has 10 lines in each section, and the poems are arranged in a relatively accurate five-step cadence format. The first two poems give advice to people with depression and follow the rhythm format of ABABCDECDE. The third section explains these suggestions, with a slight change at the end, becoming the format of "ABABCDEDCE", and the rhythm of the eighth and ninth lines is reversed in turn. This format is also found in Keats' other poems, such as Ode to Autumn and Ode to an Ancient Greek Urn. Every poem has a dichotomous prosodic structure: one part is AB and the other part is CDE. This dichotomy rhythm combination creates a poetic feeling of two-part theme structure, in which the first four sentences of each section determine the theme of this section, and the last six sentences play a role in this theme, especially in the last two sections.
In Ode to Melancholy, the lyric hero exhorts hypochondriacs in an attractive tone, which produces a reading effect-as if this advice comes from his own experience gained through hard experience. The first section is about what "should not" do: victims should not walk into the river of forgetting in Greek mythology, thus forgetting their own suffering; Don't give up on yourself and get close to all kinds of poisons to kill yourself ("Ruby grapes" and "Solanum nigrum" are the poisons of the mythical queen of hell); They should not be troubled by death and pain (beetles, dying moths and owls are all symbols of death), because these behaviors will anesthetize their mental pain, and victims should make every effort to stay awake and be alert to their own pain.
Part two tells the victim what he should do. When suffering from "melancholy", the troubled person should use the beauty of nature to subdue these pains. Nourish your sadness in the roses in the morning, enjoy the "sparkling rainbow on the sea", get along with your lover sweetly, and "sip the purity of her beautiful eyes deeply". All melancholy and sadness can only be relieved by immersing and appreciating beautiful things.
The third section, the first section and the second section constitute a positive and negative relationship, and the lyric hero explains the instructions given in the second section: Why can depression be cured only in the pursuit and appreciation of beautiful things? This is because happiness and pain are inseparable. The author uses a series of comparisons to illustrate the relationship between the two: a happy flower becomes poisonous juice as long as it is sucked by bees; Hide the hall of melancholy in the hall of happiness; Only when a person is immersed in joy will he gradually realize the sadness contained in it ... Only those who know the relationship between happiness and pain will know what the pain of happiness is. Such people have delicate feelings and deep feelings. As the poem says, "Only those who have chewed the sour fruit of joy have a chance to see the pain of happiness". The power of happiness and pain is extremely powerful. As soon as the soul comes into contact with the power of her sadness,/it immediately gives in and hangs on the white cloud tablet.
Generally speaking, Keats talked about the transience of beauty and joy in Ode to Melancholy, and joy can turn into pain. Even if happiness exists, it is also a kind of "painful happiness". In this insight into life, the poet cast an ominous glance at human existence: it is puzzling that human happiness is easily affected by pain, or inevitably leads to pain. Keats discusses the tragic emotion brought by melancholy in his poems, which will breed on beautiful and longing things and turn them into opposites. In the last part of the poem, the poet seems to be singing the lost hope. True happiness is short-lived and unattainable-"If you have joy, you will always put your finger on your lips and blow a kiss at any time; There is also a painful pleasure next to it. "
In the performance of poetry, Keats did not let himself appear as a real subject in poetry. The main body of poetry is ironically personified, such as "melancholy", "joy" and "beauty", which are inevitably passing away. Melancholy comes from the moment of joy, and joy is the moment of melancholy. These personalized emotions bring people strange feelings and philosophical thinking in the constant transformation and circulation. Ode to Melancholy seeks to synthesize the language of all ode before Keats, Greek mythology, description of natural beauty, expression of * * * and subtle philosophical thinking in many aspects, which can be found in Ode to Melancholy. But Ode to Melancholy is not a simple mixture of many theme elements in the previous poem. At the end of the poem, he discusses the fleeting beauty and the relationship between happiness and pain, which makes his understanding of beauty more profound than other poems.
Although Ode to Melancholy does not directly involve the author's artistic concept, the understanding of happiness and suffering in the poem obviously comes from the author's earlier artistic experience and understanding. It is said that the first section of Keats's first draft of Ode to Melancholy describes a mythical hero who sailed in the underworld in a strange ship in pursuit of the goddess of melancholy. Keats finally deleted this paragraph, making the whole poem more sensitive and subtle, and less nervous. However, this story of "pursuit" still leaves a most suitable clue for understanding this poem: the hero pursues his dream in a mythical hell and an imaginary temple, and he doesn't know how to find what he longs for in his real environment. We can also see this pursuit of ideal beauty and artistic expression of profound theme in Ode to Autumn.
(Yu Chao)