Bai Juyi was born in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou (now Henan) from the seventh year of Dali (772) to the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan (799). Smart since childhood, learned to write poetry at the age of 5 or 6, and was familiar with phonology at the age of 9. 1 1 years old, because of the war between the two rivers, he fled from Xingyang to Fuli, Xuzhou (now Su County, Anhui Province), and soon went south to Vietnam and became the cousin of the county magistrate in Hangzhou. During his wandering life in 1956, Bai Juyi came into contact with the sufferings of the people and was influenced by two poets, Wei and Fang Rufu, who were the secretariat of Suzhou and Hangzhou at that time. He wrote poems such as "A Letter to Xuzhou Brothers for Sending a Guest to the North from the South of the Yangtze River" and "Farewell to Ancient Grass". At the age of 65,438+05,65,438+06, he decided to be a scholar and work hard. Later, when my father died and my mother became ill, I lived on my eldest brother Bai Youwen's meager salary and traveled between Poyang and Luoyang, and my life was very difficult.
In the sixteenth year of Zhenyuan, Bai Juyi was twenty-nine years old and a scholar. In the eighteenth year (802), he took the "Excellent Book Judge" with Yuan Zhen. This is where their engagement began. Later, they became famous in the poetry circle and were called "Bai Yuan". In the spring of nineteen years, he was awarded the provincial school secretary. In Yongzheng (805), Wang Zhiyi and Wei Zhiyi carried out political reform. Bai Juyi wrote to Wei, suggesting that we should open our minds, select talents, punish evil and promote good, appoint talents and appoint people, and lose no time to reform quickly. But soon, Wang and Wei were successively demoted, and the political reform failed. His suggestion was not adopted, and he wrote poems such as Moral to express his regret. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), he dropped out of school and wrote 75 articles "Celin", which put forward a governance plan for major social and political problems and was an important material for studying his political thoughts. In this year, "both talent and learning are combined with the study of body and use", and "Watching Wheat" and "Song of Eternal Sorrow" were written.
In Yuanhe two years, he was sent to Jixian College of Science. 1 1 month, awarded the bachelor's degree of academician courtyard. The following year, I was awarded the left supplement. In five years, Cao, a resident of Jingzhao Prefecture, joined the army, all of whom remained as Hanlin's bachelor. Drafting imperial edicts and participating in state secrets. Under the guidance of Confucianism, he was not afraid of offending powerful people, and wrote articles in succession, such as playing Gade's music program, talking about the character of his subjects, talking about harmony and the form of imprisonment in townships and counties, all of which were important documents related to the national chaos control and people's lives. At the same time, he also consciously used poetry as a weapon to "assess the situation" and "vent human feelings", promoted the new Yuefu movement, and wrote a large number of satirical poems, which complemented his political efforts. However, due to the increasingly corrupt state affairs, his plays and poems attracted the envy and attack of the authorities.
In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi returned to Beijing as the doctor of Prince Zuo Zanshan after serving his mother's funeral. In the tenth year of Yuanhe, the separatist forces in the two rivers joined forces against the Tang Dynasty and sent people to assassinate Wu, the prime minister who advocated the separatist regime in the region. Bai Juyi took the lead in getting rid of the murderer to avenge his country. However, he was attacked by corrupt bureaucratic forces for exceeding his authority, fabricated the charge of "damaging the name of religion" and was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. This is a heavy blow to him.
After being demoted to Jiangzhou, he was transferred from the 11th year of Yuanhe (8 16) to the 2nd year of Daiwa (828). In the second year after Bai Juyi arrived in Jiangzhou, he wrote Pipa Xing. Through the unfortunate life experience of a famous prostitute who is good at playing pipa in Chang 'an, the poem expresses her political frustration. Before that, he had seen the darkness of the imperial court and had the idea of leaving as soon as possible. After this blow, the thought changed sharply from "the best of both worlds" to "only doing good deeds", and he was determined to achieve "the career path will be different from now on, and the world will be silent from now on" ("Heavy Topic"); "Sorrow and joy are eliminated on the surface, and right and wrong are eliminated in the chest" (Yong Huai). However, he did not resign and retire, but chose a road of "official seclusion". While hanging idle posts, I built a thatched cottage in Lushan Mountain and made friends with monks, friends and lovers in order to be satisfied and peaceful. In line with this, leisure poems and sentimental poems describing the quiet realm and expressing personal feelings began to increase, while the satirical poems with strong fighting in the early stage were relatively few. In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he served as the secretariat of Zhongzhou. In fifteen years, he was recalled to Beijing, worshipped the minister of history as a foreign minister, moved to the doctor, studied the imperial edict, and entered the Chinese book to give up people. Due to state affairs, the cronies of the DPRK and China have been in conflict with each other and have repeatedly refused to listen. In the second year of Changqing (822), he requested to go abroad and go out to be the secretariat of Hangzhou. After that, I worked as a short-term Suzhou secretariat. When I was in Hangzhou, I built a lake embankment to store water and irrigate more than 1000 hectares of land. And dig six wells in the city to drink. On the day I left Suzhou, people in the county sent each other tears. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (827), he visited our company. The following year, he was transferred to assistant minister of punishments.
In his later years, he retired to Luoyang in the hot sun for three years (829) and Huichang for six years (846). Bai Juyi began to live in Luoyang at the age of 58. He has served as a distinguished guest such as Prince, Henan Yin, and Prince Shaofu. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. In Luoyang, he lived a life of drinking, playing the piano, writing poems, traveling and "telling his family". He often sings with the famous poet Liu Yuxi and calls him "Bai Liu". In his comfortable old age, he still often thinks of the people. At the age of 73, he also invested in digging Longmen Bashi Beach to facilitate navigation. He died two years later. Buried at Pipa Peak in Xiangshan, Longmen. The poet Li Shangyin wrote an epitaph. It has become a tourist attraction.