1. Evaluation of Xiang Yu’s poems
Original poem
(1) Inscription on Wujiang Pavilion
(Tang Dynasty) Du Mu
The victorious and defeated soldiers have unexpected family affairs, and it is a man who is ashamed and endures shame.
The children of Jiangdong are so talented that their comeback is unknown.
(2) Inscription on Wujiang Pavilion
(Song Dynasty) Wang Anshi
A strong man mourns the fatigue of a hundred battles, and it is difficult to recover from a defeat in the Central Plains.
Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, are they willing to come back as kings?
(3) Quatrains
(Song Dynasty) Li Qingzhao
Live as a hero, and die as a ghost.
I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong.
Enjoy reading
Du Mu's "Ti Wu Jiang Pavilion" believes that winning or losing is a common thing for military strategists. Although Xiang Yu suffered a defeat in Wujiang, he can still be a "man" as long as he "bears shame". There are many talented people from Jiangdong. If Xiang Yu crosses the Wujiang River and learns his lesson, it is very possible for him to "make a comeback" again.
Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty wrote "Ti Wujiang Pavilion" that: The Chu army was exhausted after hundreds of battles, and the strong men were also sad for it. The decline of Gaixia's defeat was irreversible. Although the Jiangdong children are still there, who is still willing to serve for King Xiang's "comeback"?
Li Qingzhao, a female poet who experienced the "Jingkang Troubles" in the late Northern Song Dynasty, highly praised Xiang Yu in her "Queju". The poem believes that people should be "human heroes" when they are alive, and they should be "heroes among ghosts" when they die. Xiang Yu was defeated and committed suicide in Wujiang in the early Western Han Dynasty. It had been a thousand years since the late Northern Song Dynasty, but the author still misses Xiang Yu. The integrity of "refusing to cross Jiangdong". The author believes that Xiang Yu is a heroic, strong, heroic and touching tragic hero. The author does not judge heroes based on success or failure. She believes that although Xiang Yu failed, he was heroic, admirable, awe-inspiring, and capable of singing and crying.
Why do these three poets have such completely different views on the same historical event?
This should be related to the historical background and life experiences of the three poets.
Du Mu is a child of an aristocratic family. He received strict education since he was a child, studying literature, politics and economy, and preparing to become a minister. His official career was not smooth in his early years, and he went through many hardships in his middle age, and was finally recruited as a "doctor who takes meritorious service, and who knows what he is doing". Therefore, in his opinion, as long as he "bears humiliation" and learns the lessons of failure, he will be able to "make a comeback."
Wang Anshi was a famous politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. During his tenure as prime minister, he tried his best to implement new laws, innovate politics, enrich the country and strengthen the army, and achieved considerable achievements. However, his reforms offended the interests of the big bureaucrats and big landlords, met with sharp and fierce opposition, and the innovation failed. Under this circumstance, Wang Anshi came up with this view: Xiang Yu finally suffered a fundamental military failure because of a series of political and military mistakes at that time, and he was unable to recover at that time. Even if they return to Jiangdong, it will be difficult to recruit troops to "make a comeback" and turn defeat into victory.
As a poet who transitioned from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao witnessed Song Gaozong's embarrassing escape to the south, so he spoke highly of Xiang Yu's value as a human being from the perspective of a female surname. The author uses Xiang Yu's "reluctance to cross the Yangtze River" to satirize the Southern rulers who did not care about the lives of the people when the Jin army invaded the south and the country was destroyed. They abandoned the great rivers and mountains of the Central Plains and only focused on their own embarrassment to escape, and settled in a corner of the Yangtze River. Ugly behavior. The author's patriotic passion is beyond words, and it played a role in inspiring people at the time.
These three poems have always been the focus of poetry criticism, and there are different opinions. But if Xiang Yu does not die, only God knows whether ancient Chinese history will be rewritten... 2. Regarding Sima Qian's evaluation of Xiang Yu's poems
Tai Shigong said: I heard that Zhou Sheng said, "Shun's eyes are covered with heavy pupils. ”
I also heard that Xiang Yu also has pupils.
Is it possible that his descendants are evil? What a violent incident! Husband Qin lost his power, Chen She was in trouble for the first time, and heroes arose in droves to fight with each other, innumerable. However, Yu did not have the size, so he took advantage of the situation and rose up in Longmu. In three years, he defeated the five princes and destroyed the Qin Dynasty. >
Although the position does not end,
It has never happened in recent times. Ji Yubei cared about Chu, banished the Righteous Emperor and established himself on his own, and blamed the princes for betraying him.
It was difficult. He was pretentious about his merits, pursued his own wisdom, and did not learn from the ancients. He called it the overlord's career and wanted to conquer and rule the world with his strength. He died in his country in five years and died in Dongcheng. He still didn't realize it. Don’t blame yourself, it’s just too much.
Isn’t it absurd to quote “Heaven
destroys me not by using military force”!