I. Talking about teaching materials
A. Analysis of teaching materials
Pipaxing is the second reading material in Unit 2, Book 3, the standard textbook for Chinese experiment in senior high schools published by People's Education Press. This unit studies Tang poetry, including seven poems. Pipa Xing (Preface) is a long narrative poem written by Bai Juyi, a famous realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, and it is an inexhaustible drink in China's ancient narrative poems and music poems. The theme of the poem is distinct, the characters are vivid, the lyric is true and delicate, and it has profound ideological content and superb artistic skills.
B. Teaching objectives
The Chinese Teaching Syllabus for Full-time Senior High Schools clearly requires us to guide students to "feel the literary image, taste the language and artistic skills of literary works, and initially appreciate literary works" in the process of reading teaching. The teaching requirement of this unit is to cultivate students' poetry appreciation ability.
The teaching object of this paper is senior two students. They have accumulated preliminary knowledge of classical Chinese, have vivid and abstract thinking ability, and have a stronger sense of subjectivity and participation, which provides favorable factors for the smooth progress of reading teaching.
According to the syllabus and unit teaching requirements, combined with the characteristics of this course and the students' situation, I have formulated the teaching objectives of this course as follows:
1. Knowledge goal: to understand common sense of literature; Accumulate key words in classical Chinese; Taste the connotation of the theme sentence "We are all unhappy-at the end of the day, we meet". We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ”； Perceive the writing characteristics of the author's integration of music description with the feelings of listeners and performers.
2. Skill goal: let students master the writing methods of describing music such as metaphor, synaesthesia and contrast; Cultivate students' appreciation of poetry and music; Cultivate students' imagination and associative ability.
3. Emotional goal: let students understand the dark reality of feudal society, thus stimulating students' feelings of loving the new society; Guide students to understand the beauty of human nature embodied in the poet's sentiment and cultivate students' noble moral sentiment.
C. Teaching emphases and difficulties
Senior two students lack the practical experience of China's vicissitudes, and it is not easy to understand the dark reality of pushing disabled talents in feudal society. Therefore, I take understanding the connotation of the main sentence and the dark reality of feudal society as the teaching focus of this course; The success of this paper lies in describing music through the listener's feelings, and music is difficult to describe, so I regard appreciating music as a difficult point in teaching.
D. Class arrangement: This article is for lectures and reading texts, and I will arrange 2 class hours.
The first class: mainly to break through the teaching focus.
The second class: mainly to break through the teaching difficulties.
Three. Speaking and teaching methods
One of the purposes of the new curriculum standard reform is to change the learning state of students' mechanical indoctrination into active inquiry learning. One thought and one gain, the understanding of poetry ultimately depends on the students themselves, so this classroom teaching mainly focuses on designing questions to guide and inspire students to think. How to make students understand the poet's excellent music description and the sadness that "neither of us is happy-to the end of the day" is the key problem to be solved. According to Comenius' intuitive teaching principle, I use multimedia to let students feel the pipa music from the pipa sound of Mountain Flowing Water, play poetry recitation to let students feel the emotion of poetry, and play songs with pictures and sounds to let students imitate writing to increase their intuitive feelings and deepen their understanding of poetry. So I will adopt the following teaching methods: reading aloud, situational teaching method, discussion activity method, audio-visual combination method and so on.
Four. Methods of speaking and learning
According to Ye Xibov's "autonomous learning method" theory, comparative inquiry learning is conducive to stimulating students' participation consciousness and active learning enthusiasm, and cultivating students' comparative analysis thinking habits. Therefore, I will adopt comparative inquiry learning.
Fifth, preach the method of learning process.
(1) Create an atmosphere, introduce stories and stimulate interest.
Appropriate introduction of new courses can stimulate students' interest in learning, thus improving the teaching effect. Before class, I will play the tune of "Mountains and Rivers" for my classmates to enter the atmosphere of music appreciation. Then, under the background of music, I began to tell the story of "high mountains and flowing water" meeting a bosom friend to stimulate students' interest. Then it leads to the topic: Bai Juyi, who was demoted to Xunyang, also met a bosom friend when he was down and out. He was deeply impressed by the exquisite skill of the bosom friend and uttered a cry, "We are both unhappy-we will meet at the ends of the earth." We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " . The famous pipa line (parallel preface) was written from this. Let's learn this poem together today.
(B) Literature knowledge introduction and writing background
Before class, I asked the students to look up the author's information and communicate in class. Then I added: Xing's poetic style and the author's works (early stage: satirical poems with new Yuefu; Later period: Song of Eternal Sorrow, Pipa Travel) and the writing background of this article.
(3) overall perception, grasp the emotional tone.
Show students reading with multimedia animation music. Through the influence of music, vocal reading and vivid images, students are brought into the atmosphere of Bai Juyi's Pipa, and feel the gloomy and sad emotional tone in the poem. This laid a good foundation for students to appreciate poetry.
(D) Interpretation of life experience, breakthrough in teaching focus
1. Inspire and grasp the main idea.
First of all, ask the students a question: this paper has created two characters, a pipa girl and a poet. What sentence is used to connect these two words? Students can easily find out the main sentences in poetry. Then ask the students the second question: Why does the poet lament that "neither of us is happy-to grow old forever"? What are the similarities between poets and pipa girls? Use this question to make students understand the meaning of the main sentence. In order to complete this learning task, I designed a couplet, quoting the poem "We are all unhappy-to the end of the day" as the upper couplet, and asked students to fill in the lower couplet according to the similarities between pipa girls and poets. Then, let the students discuss in groups and the teacher gives guidance. Finally, let the students show their answers. When dialing, grasp the life changes of poets and pipa girls before and after to guide them: (1) They all drifted from Kyoto to Xunyang, and the bottom line: they burst into tears when they met in different places; (2) From glory to decline, everyone has a sense of desolation and desolation. The second part: * * * The world is full of melancholy; (3) In this life experience, each of them has written poems and sung songs, which are all caused by feelings. Bottom line: songs and poems are always related to love; (4) Music connects their music with literature. The bottom line is: * * * playing sad music on the earth.
In the process of tutoring, I lost no time to guide students to understand the expression of contrast and contrast, thus improving students' appreciation of poetry.
I realized the meaning of the main sentence. The image of the prostitute who was insulted by the pipa girl has jumped to the page, so let the students summarize its image.
2. Understand the beautiful and dark social reality of the author's human nature.
I design two questions: as a poet of official career class, what kind of personality does the poet show by linking his fate with that of lower-class women? (Dare to break through the feudal family concept and sympathize with the progressive thoughts of the lower classes) Poets with noble sentiments and talents are hard to find bosom friends in officialdom and are excluded, so what problems are exposed? From these two questions, students can be guided to understand the beauty of the poet's human nature and his understanding of the dark society. Then let the students talk about the feelings of living in the new society and inspire them to love the new society.
(5) Taste music and break through teaching emotion.
1. Read poems and like them.
First, ask the students to find the music-centered paragraph (the second paragraph) and read it in chorus. Then ask the students to find out the sentences that can best read the poet's feelings in this paragraph for demonstration reading. Students complete the task of reading guidance in the mutual communication between you and me, and further feel the poet's inner feelings.
On this basis, I let the students enjoy two classic pictures: "The flowers are rustling" and "However, we called for a thousand times before she came to us, like a lute, half covering her face" to render the atmosphere. Then play a few pipa songs with the characteristics of "fluency and smoothness-heaviness and steadiness-intermittent frustration-high-pitched agitation", and ask a classmate to recite this paragraph in coordination with the pipa music. Other students closed their eyes and listened, further feeling the fusion of music, poetry and feelings.
2. Interpret love in music
On the basis of the above reading training, I ask students to discuss the following questions in groups according to their feelings after listening: What kind of melody changes does the description of music reflect? What are the emotional changes between pipa girls and poets in this changing melody? This is an open question, which can fully mobilize students' life accumulation and cultivate students' divergent thinking, imagination and association ability. I believe it is not difficult for students to finish the first question after listening to the pipa with changeable melody in the class. If students can reproduce the melody changes of the music in the poem with familiar music or scenes, then the problem of understanding the emotional changes of poets and pipa girls, such as "happiness-sadness-dark hatred-high-pitched agitation", will be solved. This breaks through the teaching difficulties.
3. Master the description skills of music
In this regard, my guiding ideology is: What artistic techniques do poets use to express the beauty of music? This question is not difficult. Perhaps students will soon find ways to describe music in a positive way, such as metaphor and reduplication, and use the environment of "Ceng Jing in the east and Ceng Jing in the west, only watching the autumn moon in the heart of the river" as a side foil to music. In addition, the sentence "Lotus pond flowers slide to the bottom" in the poem also uses synaesthesia rhetoric, which may be difficult for students to grasp. I will remind students of two sentences in Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond: "The breeze blows, bringing a faint fragrance, like a faint song on a distant high building." "Light and shadow have a harmonious melody, like a famous song played on Fan Aling." In order to inspire and guide students.
(6) class summary:
Students, it is in the same situation that under the influence of pipa music, the poet found a bosom friend and sent out the feeling that "we are all unhappy-we met at the ends of the earth". We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "Wrote this beautiful and moving journey of pipa.
(7) Extended promotion (operation)
1. Please appreciate the music description skills in Li Ping's poems.
Quotations from Li Ping.
Wu Si, Shu and Zhang Tong are in high autumn, and the empty mountains are not flowing. Jiang Yue wept for Motome's sadness, while Ping Li was playing China.
Kunshan jade broken Fengming, hibiscus crying, Xianglan laughing. The cold light melts in front of the twelve gates, and the twenty-three silk moves the purple emperor.
Nu Wa makes up the sky by refining stones, and the stones break the ground to stir up the autumn rain. Dream into the holy mountain to teach the gods, and the old fish dance with the waves.
Wu Mian leans against the laurel tree, showing his feet and flying obliquely to wet cold rabbits.
Please listen to another song "Mountain Flowing Water" and describe it in vivid language, about 200 words.