The thought expressed in Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow is exactly what the poet chose for this long song, that is, the word "Song of Eternal Sorrow". Hate means regret and resentment.
When describing the love between Li and Yang, the author satirizes that the rulers at that time and later should take warning, and don't commit adultery and make mistakes in the country because of "hanging color" and cause "long hatred" to themselves.
This poem is narrated through the story that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty favored Yang Guifei because of lust, which made the country in trouble and put himself in a desolate situation, explaining that lust led to national mistakes and physical mistakes, and asked the rulers to take warning.
Second, analysis:
The first part: from the beginning to "that memory, that pain." Where is her white face? "This part is about An Lushan and Shi Siming's rebellion in the name of killing Yang, which caused great disasters to the country, the nation and the people, and also brought great pain to themselves. They not only lost the throne, but also suffered from wandering and lovesickness. This part can be divided into two parts:
The first paragraph: from the beginning to "the emperor's eyes can't stare at her enough." This passage describes the process of famine and chaos caused by lust and preference for Yang Guifei in Tang Xuanzong. Because this paragraph reveals the reason, it is mainly described by spreading and setting off to highlight the theme.
The second paragraph: From "Yu Yang Spurred on" to "That Memory, That Depression". Where is her jade-white face? ”。 This passage describes how Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty abandoned politics because of greed, which led to the chaos of public security and history, thus leading to the tragedy of political loss of power and love tragedy. The train of thought and structural sequence of this passage is: reading color-An Shi rebellion-the Sixth Army forced Tang Xuanzong to agree to hang Yang Guifei-Tang Xuanzong was extremely painful inside. This passage focuses on narrating, describing and exaggerating the desolate atmosphere, so as to express the extremely painful thoughts and feelings of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, which is in sharp contrast with the joyful and luxurious atmosphere in the previous paragraph, which is thought-provoking, regrettable, and alarming.
Part II: From "Rulers and lords, when their eyes met, they cried their coats" to the end. This part describes the bleak life of Tang Xuanzong in his later years and his deep-rooted yearning for Yang Guifei, thus further explaining that this cup of bitter wine brewed by Tang Xuanzong needs to be drunk continuously, further deepening the theme and warning politicians not to be greedy, otherwise they will suffer the consequences. This part can also be divided into two parts:
The first paragraph: from "the ruler and the Lord cried on their coats when their eyes met" to "but no lovely soul visited his dream" This passage describes the bleak life of Tang Xuanzong in his later years and his unforgettable thoughts about Yang Guifei. His writing mainly highlights the desolate and lonely mood of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty through the description of characters and scenery in the West Palace in the south of the Yangtze River. Even Yang Guifei, who misses him day and night, doesn't give him a dream, which is even more bleak.
The second paragraph: From "There lived a Tianke Taoist in Lingqiong" to the end. This article describes how Lin Qiong, a Taoist priest, searched for Yang Guifei's soul for Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, in order to compare the bleak scene in the later period of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. This passage shows that Yang Guifei has lived a free life in a fairy family and has almost forgotten Tang Xuanzong. For example, when a Taoist priest came to the door, she came out in a daze. Although she shed a little tears, she said that she and Tang Xuanzong had "said goodbye to each other" and "fell in love", but "the moon and dawn became long in the fairy palace". Finally, in order to get a confession, I wrote an insignificant blank check, but it made my heart as strong as gold. Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will. This paper mainly describes Yang Guifei's immortal life through imagination, fiction and comparison with the bleak life in the later years of Tang Dynasty, indicating that the bitter fruit can only be eaten from the origin, thus further highlighting the theme on the basis of the previous part. The poem is "the earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever; One day, both will end, and this endless sorrow will last forever. " "Hate" means regret and regret in ancient times, so these two sentences, like the writing of Shi Shuo, should be the author's emotional evaluation, which means: heaven and earth have been long, but there is an end; It seems that the regret and regret brought by greed and wrong country will never end. This ending has a name, so the title is Song of Eternal Sorrow. At the same time, it is implicit and can leave infinite reverie and reverie for readers.
Experts don't admit that The Song of Eternal Sorrow is ironic, but think it is a eulogy of Li and Yang's love for the following reasons: 1. The author compiled it into a "sentimental poem" instead of a "satirical poem"; Second, the author once said in the Book of Water with Yuan: "The poems of today's servants are nothing more than' miscellaneous poems' and' songs of everlasting regret'; When hanging, the servant is light. " This is actually nothing. First, the author clearly put forward: "Something is introduced from the outside, reason is moved from the inside, and hundreds of sighs are molded by emotion, which is called' sentimental poetry'." According to this definition, why can't "sentimental poetry" have ironic content? Isn't it unreasonable to think that Tang was extravagant, because of his "hanging color", he misled the country and caused "long hatred" to himself, thus "sighing"? Many poems written by the author in the sentimental category, such as "Crossing Zhaojun Village" and "Laughing King", are full of irony. Mosquito Frog even ends with "He Zudao, a worm, a metaphor of human feelings", which is not much different from "satirical poems". Secondly, the words "time-wasting, servant-slighting" were inspired by his satirical poem, which was labeled as libel and immortal slander, and could not prove that he really despised the Song of Eternal Sorrow. In fact, he is quite proud of Song of Eternal Sorrow. At the same time, in the poem "Compiling fifteen volumes of my poems, and giving Yuan Jiu and Li Twenty plays at the end of the volume", he praised the Song of Eternal Sorrow as soon as he came up, and put it in an equally important position, specializing in the book: "A long sorrow is affectionate, and ten Qin sounds. Some people understand "amorous feelings" as "amorous feelings of children", which is equivalent to today's "love". This is not the original intention. Moreover, this understanding is not conducive to Bai Juyi's argument that he despises love when he writes about it in Song of Eternal Sorrow, because here, the poet obviously attaches great importance to love. In this couplet, "amorous feelings" and "correct pronunciation" are dual, "amorous feelings" refers to the feeling of the wind, and "correct pronunciation" refers to the elegant and correct voice. " "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: "The wind blows on the top, and the main text admonishes. The people who say it are innocent, and the people who smell it are enough to quit, so the wind in Japan is strong. ..... National history clearly distinguishes gains and losses, hurts people and wastes morality, laments the crime of criminal politics, eulogizes family ties, achieves great things and cherishes its old customs. Therefore, this is a question of affection and courtesy. "This is the essence of amorous feelings." "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: "Elegance is right, which means reason is abolished. "Li Bai's Antique also said," If you don't do it for a long time, why bother? " This is the essence of "right voice". In a word, Bai Juyi's views of "long hatred for amorous feelings" and "almost in tune with the sound of the piano" are completely consistent with his repeated emphasis on "elegance wins prosperity" in Nine Books with Yuan Dynasty.
Some people think that the first half of "Song of Eternal Sorrow" criticizes "hanging color". The second half praises love. This is also questionable. It is hard to imagine a poet like Bai Juyi. The theme of a poem is inconsistent. After careful reading, the first half is the reason of "hate" and the second half is the "long hate" itself. In the poet's mind, that "hate" is the "hate" of "one step away, eternal hatred", and its "irony" is not only the author's creative consciousness, but also an artistic expression to a great extent. Of course, this can only be said to be "to a great extent" rather than "complete", because the poet's description of "long hatred" itself may resonate with readers, so that the objective effect is not completely consistent with the subjective intention.
Some people accuse the Song of Eternal Sorrow of "deviating from historical facts" in many places and belittling its status. Yes, The Song of Eternal Sorrow does have many deviations from historical facts. But the problem is that it is not a historical work, but a literary work. If it is not regarded as a historical work, but as a literary work, we should not simply accuse it of deviating from historical facts, but should consider why it deviated from historical facts to complete its original artistic conception.
For example, according to historical records, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to Huaqing Palace to avoid the cold every October and returned to Chang 'an in the first month of the following year. However, the activities of Bai Juyi and Yang Yuhuan in Mount Li are seasonal, for example, "It's early spring. They bathed her in "Huaqing Pool" and "On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life". And "... the high rose plum palace, entering the blue clouds, and the wide breeze carrying magical notes. Soft songs and slow dances, string and bamboo music, and the emperor's eyes were not enough on her ",which directly attracted" Yu Yang's spur ". Why are you here? Some people say that literature description should be concentrated here. Yes, literary works need to be concentrated, but why not concentrate on Chang 'an, but on Mount Li? This is obviously related to the author's creative intention. Please look at his Gong Ligao:
There is a palace on Mount Li, and the purple palace in Zhulou weighs three or four times. ..... It's not easy to go out alone, and the Sixth Hospital prepares Xi Baisi. Eighty-one cars must be ridden, and there will be a feast in the evening. There are hundreds of products in China, which is not enough for one day. ..... You came to Xi for a suit, but you didn't come to Xi for ten thousand people.
This is a poem in the satirical poem "New Yuefu", praising the son of heaven for being diligent in political affairs and not visiting Mount Li "cherishing people's financial resources." In this case, he concentrated Li and Yang's activities on Lishan Mountain, with obvious irony and criticism.