Maday
Lonely clouds return to birds, a thousand miles of time.
Think of me staying and leaving home for a long time.
Trees in the sun burn to the mountains in autumn.
I dare not take pictures at the water's edge, for fear that I will be shocked to calm down!
Shen Deqian's evaluation of this poem is: "The meaning and style are good, and Yun Xuan can stand out from the crowd in the late Tang Dynasty." What I mean here refers to the thoughts and feelings in the poem. The theme of the whole poem is homesickness, which shows the ups and downs of the poet in twists and turns without sadness. The so-called "case" mainly refers to the artistic skills in the layout of articles. The most outstanding feature of this poem in art can be said to be: situational writing. Emotion and scenery are the main connotations of lyric poetry; Scenery fusion is an important artistic means of many excellent poems. However, the scene written in this poem is different, but it is another scene.
In the first two sentences, when the poet looks at the countryside at dusk and sunset, the first thing that jumps into his eyes is the scenery he sees: "Lonely clouds return to birds for thousands of miles." In the evening, clouds fly alone in the sky, and the returning birds stay in the forest. With tangible and intangible wings, you can reach them even thousands of miles away. There is a strong contrast between "a thousand miles" and "a period of time" in the poem, which describes the freedom and speed of clouds and birds; But this is by no means a purely objective description of the scenery, but what the poet "looks down" and this kind of scenery is also an opportunity and medium to trigger the poet's emotion: "Why do you miss me? I haven't been home for a long time. " It turns out that the poet has been away from home for a long time, and his homesickness has been deeply trapped in his chest. As a result, couplets naturally turned from the description of the external scenery to the direct expression of inner feelings, without mentioning melancholy but full of worries, and without mentioning anxious to return, in fact, they had already seen through the autumn waters.
After writing the previous feelings, the necklaces changed their pen and ink to write the scenery. The description of the scenery not only fits the poet's immediate scene, but also has distinct levels from near to far. The setting sun sinks from the nearby treetops, and the afterglow returns to Akiyama, burning on the distant Akiyama like wildfire and gradually disappearing behind the hill. The fading of the word "Ru" in the sunset also shows that the poet has been looking forward to it for a long time and remembers it vividly. Moreover, the afterglow of this sunset not only aggravated the poet's homesickness, but also triggered the poet's deep mourning for the past. Guests have been stagnant for a long time and are getting older and older; I feel sad when I see the sunset. I wander by the water, and I dare not take pictures of myself in the stream. I'm afraid I'll be scared when I look at my face. In fact, the poet doesn't know that his face is getting old, so those who "dare not take pictures with their faces facing the water" are afraid that they will be sad at the sight of life, which will increase their anxiety and stuffy ears. "I dare not take pictures in the water, for fear of being electrocuted!" The couplet was full of melancholy and loneliness, and closed the beam, leaving a lingering sound.
The writing of the scene is indeed a major feature of the layout of this poem. What special artistic effect does this writing have on this poem? It's quite clever to ponder carefully. The whole article is about the feeling of "overlooking the sunset". Two sentences are written alternately, and the poem is divided into two steps: first, watching the clouds before sunset evoke homesickness, and then watching the return of the sunset evoke the "surprise" of old age, which shows the development and deepening of emotion. Regardless of the meter, the poem can be slightly reversed: "Lonely clouds return to birds, a thousand miles of time. Trees in the sun burn to the mountains in autumn. Think of me staying and leaving home for a long time. I dare not take pictures in the water for fear that I will be scared. " So the scene in the first half and the emotion in the second half, which is also the usual way of writing, are a bit dull and have no advantage of progressive and vivid. But "the birds that stay at home are in a hurry to fly" causes homesickness, followed by "being away from home for a long time", which is both natural and has the contrast between speed (thousands of miles) and delay (staying for a long time), so it is "getting up and being detached, catching up with muddy strength" (see the commentary of Ying Mu). If you change to the first half of the scene and the second half of the emotional mode (as mentioned above), you will lose this benefit again.
Li Zhonghua's "Yi Zhen Zhai Shi Shuo" pointed out: "Poetry has feelings and scenery, and it is said by the simple poems. The four sentences must be interchanged so that they will not be repeated. " What he called "scene exchange" was "scene writing". Of course, this writing is by no means divided, but independent and set off each other. * * * together constitute the eternal beauty of poetry. Ma Dai's "Homesickness Song" is like this. Its music has spread widely in the long history of more than 1000 years, and it can still pluck the strings in our hearts.