Ancient literati, if there is wine, there will be poetry, if there is wine, there will be no poetry, and if there is wine, there will be no poetry. Wine can stimulate the creative inspiration of poets, and poetry can add elegance to drinking. Wine and poetry are like a pair of sister flowers, which depend on each other and set off each other. It is in this sense that Mr. Ge Jingchun's new book "Tang Poetry and Wine-Poetry and Hops" gives a novel and profound interpretation of the character of Tang poetry and poets from the perspective of the relationship between wine and poetry.
By comparing the drinking mentality of poets in different times, the book highlights the poetic style of Tang people. In the Tang Dynasty, drinking was a basic skill, while wine and poetry were both beautiful and indispensable.
Poets in the Tang Dynasty drank wine, poetry, philosophy, knowledge and life. This holistic exposition is undoubtedly accurate and in-depth.
The author also selected three typical representatives & Li Bai of Brewmaster, Du Fu, a wine saint, and Bai Juyi, a drunken poet. By comparing their drinking poems, the differences in their personalities and poems were profoundly revealed. Brewmaster Li Bai's "three cups lead the way, one fights with nature" has found a self-confident, self-respecting, self-reliant and independent personality in the world of wine, a free world without constraints and restrictions, and entered a nirvana realm that is integrated with everything in the world and coexists with the universe.
On the other hand, Du Fu, the wine saint, is addicted to alcohol, detests evil as hatred, and is stubborn, and there are many poems of "drinking and chatting, singing and breaking sorrow". Of course, there is no lack of entertainment and indulgence in his wine poems, but more attention is paid to the hinterland, and drunkenness is also the image of a man with lofty ideals who is worried about the country and the people in Leyuan Scenic Area.
Bai Juyi, the old man who was drunk and singing, was a fighter who spoke directly when he was awake. After being hit, he went to the wine to find his own carefree world, and lived a life of self-entertainment, drunkenness and independence. By comparing the drinking mentality of the three great poets and the connotation of drinking poems, this paper evaluates their poems and people. Li Bai's drinking poems are full of the immortal spirit of contempt for the secular; Du Fu's wine poems are broad-minded. Bai Juyi's drinking poems are rich and idle.
The three "qi" points are about being alert and pointing directly at people's hearts. See the truth in the wine, and say poetry in the wine.
This is the author's achievement in using wine culture to study Tang poets, and it also provides a new way of thinking for others to study Tang poetry. As for the theoretical support of drinking behavior, the author thinks deeply from the perspective of drinking philosophy of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and thinks that Confucianism emphasizes the social function of unity and happiness brought by drinking, which is to achieve the social effect of unity, concentricity, shortening the gap and reducing contradictions through banquet activities. Just to achieve the purpose of maintaining social order and stable governance, its utility is "receiving" rather than "releasing"
The drinking philosophy of Taoism and Buddhism goes deep into the individual subject's heart, emphasizing the liberation of body and mind through drinking, relieving the bondage and oppression of human thought and spirit by earthly life and social order, and seeking the freedom and comfort of the soul. Its utility is "releasing" rather than "receiving". Therefore, the author thinks that the spirits of Taoism and Buddhism are closest to the philosophical connotation of drinking, and have the most direct influence on people: it dispels and relieves people's worries and anxieties in reality, stimulates people's critical spirit of reality, stimulates people's creative spirit, enriches people's fantasy ability and brings people into the ideal realm of aesthetics; It had a direct and far-reaching influence on poetry.
Obviously, such thinking and conclusions are quite important. In addition, the book is rich in content and involves a lot of knowledge about wine culture. But the author does not just introduce general knowledge, but introduces wine culture with the help of ancient poems, and proves the knowledge of wine through poems, so that wine can be sublimated in wine poems.
Poetry proves that wine is eternal, and poetry is full of wine knowledge, which makes us forget the filth of alcohol. In the postscript of this book, the author said: "The writing of this book can be said to be a study of drinking poems in the Tang Dynasty while enjoying them.
It is not only a scientific research work, but also an aesthetic pleasure activity, so it is not boring in the writing process, but interesting. I hope readers and friends will feel the same way when reading this book, that is to say, I have achieved my goal. "
Look at this book, it smells of wine and poetry, and the pages are fluttering. We think the author's purpose has been achieved.
2. Li Bai's poems written when he was frustrated are never tired of reading, only Jingting Mountain. (Li Bai sits alone in Jingting Mountain)
Run wild with courage, and you will be clean in the first world war. (Six Poems by Li Bai)
Phoenix is a great sage, but he doesn't want to be a minister. (White dove says Li Bai)
Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! . Since God has given talents, let them be used! ,
Spin a thousand silver coins and come back! . (Li Bai, who will enter the wine)
Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They never want to be seen with a sincere face. (Li Bai from Tianmu Mountain in Dream)
Enjoy a glass of wine while you are alive! Don't care if your reputation will be passed down! . (Li Bai is hard to walk)
Go out laughing, are we Artemisia people? (Nanling children don't go to Beijing, Li Bai)
Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow. (Shu Yun Li Bai, Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Building farewell school book)
Peach blossoms are opening, and it is another world. (Answer Li Bai in the mountains)
I am like a chariot catcher, singing phoenix songs and laughing at Kong Qiu.
3. Li Bai's ancient poems about wine will be used in wine.
Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns?
Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night?
Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! .
Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.
Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! .
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink and drink endlessly.
Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me.
What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I will never wake up.
Ancient sober people and sages were forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized.
Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners
Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! .
Five flower horses, Hsi Chin, give them to the boy in exchange for good wine. Whatever you want, sell eternal sorrow.
One of the three songs that are difficult to go.
The cost of pure wine, a gold cup, a hip flask of 10 thousand copper, a jade plate of delicious food needs 1 million coins.
I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.
I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow.
I will sit on a fishing rod and lean lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing a boat towards the sun.
It's hard to walk, it's hard to walk, there are many roads, where is Ann now?
One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.
Break up in a hotel in Nanjing
A gust of wind blew and the catkins were fragrant. Wu Ji pressed the wine and advised the guests to taste it.
Comrades in my city came to see me off. When each of them drank his glass, I said to him when leaving.
Oh, ask this river flowing eastward, whether it can go further than the love of friends! ?
Shu Yun, a farewell school book in Xiejilou, Xuanzhou.
People who abandon me can't stay yesterday,
People who disturb my heart are more worried today.
Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine.
The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie.
We all yearn for the distance and want to go to the blue sky to embrace the bright moon.
But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine.
Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.
When Li Bai was frustrated and lonely, he invited the bright moon to drink together. Drinking four poems of the bright moon alone 1.
one
Drinking moon poems alone with pictures
From a pot of wine in the flowers, I drank it alone. No one is with me.
Until, holding up my cup, I asked the bright moon to bring me my shadow and let us three 4.
Alas, the moon can't drink 5, and my shadow follows me blankly; 6.
But there was still a time when I had these friends to cheer me up at the end of spring.
I sang. The moon encourages me to dance. My shadow rolls after 10.
I had sex when I was awake 1 1, and then I got drunk and we lost each other.
Will goodwill be guaranteed? 12, I see the long road to the Milky Way 13.
Secondly,
Heaven doesn't love wine, and wine stars are not in the sky.
The land doesn't like wine, so there should be no Jiuquan 15.
Since heaven and earth love wine, I am worthy of heaven loving wine.
First, I heard that wine is better than saints, and then I heard that turbidity is better than saints.
Since sages are drinking, why ask for immortals?
Sanbeitong Avenue 16, fight naturally.
But drinking 17 is very interesting. Don't pass it on to the awakened one.
third
Xianyang city in March, with thousands of flowers and days, is as splendid as brocade 18.
Who can be alone in spring, you must drink 19 for this path.
Poor communication, short repair 20, nature 2 1.
A bottle of life and death 22, everything is hard to judge.
Drunk and lost the world, only lonely pillow 23.
I don't know myself, where can I find this kind of happiness?
Fourth.
24 is poverty and 25 is wine.
Even if the wine is less sad, the wine will not return.
Therefore, the wine saint 26, the wine opens itself.
Words lying under the millet Yang 27, repeatedly empty hungry Yan Hui 28.
Contemporary people don't like to drink 29, but they use it in vain.
Crab claw 3 1, bad pier Penglai 32.
And you have to drink on the platform next to the moon and get as drunk as a fiddler. [ 1]
5. A poem "Drinking the Bright Moon Alone" written by Li Bai has four contents: Qian Qian's heart is full of worries.
300 glasses of wine. Too much sorrow, too little wine.
You can't pour wine into your heart. So I know the wine saint.
Wine makes the heart boil. Say goodbye to Xiaomi and lie in the first sunshine.
Hungry, Yan Hui. Contemporary people don't like drinking.
It is safe to use a pseudonym. Crab claws are golden liquids.
The bad mountain is Penglai. Drink wine.
Drunk on the platform beside the moon and drinking alone on the moon. The second content: If the sky doesn't love wine, the wine star is not in the sky.
If you don't like wine, you shouldn't have the name Jiuquan. Since heaven and earth love wine, I am worthy of heaven loving wine.
First, I heard that wine is better than saints, and then I heard that turbidity is better than saints. Since sages are drinking, why ask for immortals?
Three glasses of wine can lead to Confucianism, and it is natural for Taoism to drink it all in one game. I'm just drunk for fun, and this smell can't be passed down!
Drinking the bright moon alone Part I: from a pot of wine among the flowers. I drink alone. No one is with me.
Until, holding up my cup, I asked the moon. Bring me my shadow and let's be three people.
Alas, the moon can't drink water. My shadow followed me blankly; .
But there was a time when I had these friends. Let me rejoice at the end of spring.
I sang. The moon encouraged me. I danced. My shadow is rolling in the back.
Wake up and have sex. Then I got drunk and we lost each other.
Will goodwill be guaranteed? . I watched the long road of the Milky Way.
Content of the wine: Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns? Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night?
Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! . Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.
Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! . Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink and drink endlessly.
Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me. What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? Let me get drunk forever and never be rational! .
Ancient sober people and sages were forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized. Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners
Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! . Five flowers and horses, thousands of gold and autumn.
Give them to the boy in exchange for wine and share your sorrow forever. Ask for the moon: When will there be a moon in the sky? I stopped my glass and asked now.
The moon will never reach the moon, but it is very close to the people. Green smoke as bright as a mirror is flying in the palace, emitting cold light.
I only see the clouds rising from the sea every night, and who knows the clouds in the morning? The moon is on the white rabbit's back, autumn and spring, and who is the neighbor of Chang's lonely life? Now people are not seen in Gu Yue, but in this month they took the ancients.
The ancients said, if people are running water, they look at the bright moon. Just look at the glass and sing loudly, and the moonlight can grow in a golden cup.
Other authors: Li Bai, a gust of wind, sent catkins, overwhelming, Wu Ji pressed the wine to persuade customers to taste. Comrades in my city came to see me off. When each of them drank his glass, I said to him when leaving.
Oh, ask this river flowing eastward, whether it can go further than the love of friends! ? When will the moon ask for the blue sky of the moon? I stopped for a drink today and asked: I can't climb the moon, but I follow the people on the moon. As bright as a flying mirror, has the green smoke gone out? But when you see the night coming from the sea, would you rather know that it is going to the clouds? The moon is on the white rabbit's back, autumn and spring, and who is the neighbor of Chang's lonely life? Now people are not seen in Gu Yue, but in this month they took the ancients. The ancients said, if people are running water, they look at the bright moon.
Just look at the glass and sing loudly, and the moonlight can grow in a golden cup. From Mount Zhongnan to Li Bai's Good Pillow and Good Bowl in Hu Si, and from dusk to Blue Mountain, moonlight is my way home.
Looking back at the mountain path, the mountains are green and boundless. When Hushan people came to his home, the children hurriedly opened Chai Men.
Into the bamboo forest, through the quiet path, green roses and branches brushed passers-by. I'm glad to have a chance to have a rest, drink and chat.
Sing a melody that is too loose, and the Milky Way is sparse. When I was drunk, my friend was so happy that Tao Ran forgot his machine.
There was a bottle of wine before, and there were two songs, one of which was that the spring wind came from the east and suddenly passed by. Jin Zun Lu JIU makes a microwave oven.
Sleep a little more. Beauty wants to get drunk.
In the Qing Dynasty, Tao Li was able to deceive others and waste time.
You dance. The sun sets in the west.
At that time, the spirit was not smooth. It's no use sighing with white hair.
Secondly, the piano plays Longmen Qingtong. Jade pot and fine wine are as clear as air.
Urge strings, brush columns, and drink with you. Look at Zhu heyan.
Hu Ji looks like a flower. Laugh at the spring breeze.
Smile at the spring breeze. Dance clothes.
If you weren't drunk today, you would be safe. Wait until the wine doesn't turn the jade pot green.
It's too late to sell wine. Hua Shan smiled at me.
Just in time for the cup. Under the east window at night.
(Outside the window is the porch) Here comes the warbler again. Spring breeze and drunken guests.
Today is a good day. Stay drunk at Longmen in winter night, and get drunk until you take off your sword.
High school travel breaks. I woke up suddenly in the middle of the night.
Stand in front of the light. Open the porch and talk straight.
Xiaoxue River is hard on ice. Sad songs are bitter and cold.
Lonely and melancholy. Fu Shuo version of Zhu Chen.
Reese Hawke, dog man. □ Start the country.
It is difficult to recover from the difficulties. I am a fool.
Sigh at the dragon gate. Wealth comes unexpectedly.
Who does Ewing write to? To shed tears.
Raise your voice and sing Fu Liang. Qingyun should be self-directed and self-performed.
Why ask for a confidant? Don't refuse to drink wine
Spring breeze makes people laugh. Peach and plum are old friends.
Pour flowers at me. The flowing warbler weeps for the green trees.
The bright moon peeps at gold. Lay the foundation for yesterday's Zhu Yanzi.
Today, my hair is white. Spine gives birth to Shihutang.
Deer go to Gusutai. Imperial residence since ancient times.
The city gate was closed with yellow dust. If you don't drink.
I used to live in peace. Recall the wine supervisor and order the prince to congratulate the public.
I saw more than one scene in Chang Anji's womb. Call me the fallen fairy.
It's fun to get rid of beetles for wine. Drink after drinking.
Writing with a sense of loss is poetry. One is fanatics.
Happy Zhen Ji. As soon as Chang' an meets.
Call me fairy. Yesterday was a glass of wine.
Turn into Panasonic dust. Scarab wine pool.
But I remember tears and towels. Second, the madman belongs to Siming.
Taoist priests in Yin Shan welcomed him. Give the mirror lake water.
Glory to Junta Numa. My hometown is the home of the dead.
There are lotus flowers in the air. Reading here is like dreaming.
Sorrow hurt my feelings. On the snowy night in Qingxi, Qiupu, there are people who sing partridges and wear emperor minks.
(You let me) Yi Zhan is opposite to Jun White Pot. Snow wine went out.
I feel cold at night. There are guests from Guiyang.
Can sing partridge. The breeze blows the window bamboo.
The more birds call each other. Take pleasure in it.
Why bother Sheng and Yu? Accompany assistant minister uncle to visit Dongting and get drunk, and then write three songs, one of which is today's bamboo mat.
My virtuous assistant minister. Give Xiao Ruan three cups.
Go crazy after getting drunk. Second, the boat is happy.
Return to the moon in the middle of the lake. Bai Ou is very busy.
Fighting for wine flies over the eaves and walks over the wall. The third pen is better than junshan.
Tile perfume flows. Baling unlimited wine.
Drunk, kill Dong. Looking for Shi Pei in Dongting at night, looking for clear water at night.
Alone, no clue. The bright moon rises from the lake.
Pan-Baling West alone. Take a rest, people of Pei Yi.
Yan Ju ordered Danti to embrace the piano and make deep bamboo.
Play Kun chicken for me. Kun bird sings and drinks.
North window drunk as mud. Life and happiness.
Why are you with kei? Wang Gui.
6. Difficult to go, the poem of Li Bai's frustrated life.
Li Bai [Tang Dynasty]
The cost of pure wine is a gold cup, 10 thousand copper coins and a hip flask, and I am ashamed of 10 thousand yuan. (shame: hmm; Orthogonality: value)
I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.
I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow. (A work full of snow: dark snow)
I will sit on a fishing rod and lean lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing a boat towards the sun. (Bi Zuoyi: Sit)
It's hard to walk, it's hard to walk, there are many roads, where is Ann now?
One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.
Make an appreciative comment
In the first four sentences of the poem, when Li Bai "gave money back", a friend sent him away. Li Bai is addicted to alcohol. In normal times, because of this delicious wine and the kindness of friends, he will definitely "drink 300 cups at a time." This time, however, he put down a cup of chopsticks and was not interested in eating. He left his seat, drew his sword, looked around and lost his mind. The four continuous movements of stopping, throwing, pulling and caring vividly show the inner depression and emotional agitation.
"I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow." Write "It's hard to go" on the front. The poet used "ice blocking the river" and "snow covering the mountain" to symbolize the difficulties and obstacles on the road of life, which has a comparative meaning. A man with great political aspirations was called to Beijing and was lucky enough to get close to the emperor, but the emperor could not appoint him. Was "given gold to the mountain" and expelled from Chang' an in disguise. This is like the Yellow River encountering ice and Taihang Mountain encountering snow. However, Li Bai is not that kind of cowardly character. From the beginning of "drawing a sword and looking in all directions", it shows that he is not willing to be depressed and will continue to pursue it.
"I will sit on a fishing rod and lazily lean against the stream, but I suddenly dream of driving a boat and sailing towards the sun." In a daze, the poet suddenly thought of two figures who were politically unsuccessful at first, but made great achievements in the end: one was fishing in Panxi at the age of 90 and met King Wen; One is Yi Yin. Before he was hired by Shang Tang, he dreamed that he was sailing around the sun and the moon. Thinking about the experiences of these two historical figures increased the poet's confidence.
"It's hard to walk, it's hard to walk, a lot of roads, is it safe now?" The meeting between Jiang Shang and Yi Yin certainly increased his confidence in the future, but when his thoughts returned to the present reality, he once again felt that the road of life was difficult. Looking forward to the future from the banquet, I only feel that the road ahead is rugged and there are many astray. I don't know where he is going. This is another feeling in sharp and complicated contradictions. But Li Bai, who is stubborn and confident, never wants to show his discouragement at the farewell party. His strong demand for active use of the world finally freed him from the pain of wandering again, and sang a strong voice full of confidence and prospects: "One day, I will ride the wind and waves, go straight to Yun Fan and cross the deep sea!" He believes that although there are many obstacles ahead, one day, as Song Dynasty (Que) said, he will ride the wind and waves, hang up Yun Fan, cross the ocean and reach the other side of the ideal.
This 14-sentence poem with 82 words can only be regarded as a short poem among the seven-character poems, but it has a long momentum pattern. One of the important reasons is that it reveals the ups and downs and complex changes of the poet's feelings in a hundred steps. At the beginning of the poem, "Golden Wine" and "Jade Plate and Precious Shame" make people feel like a happy banquet, but the following two details, "Quit drinking and throw chopsticks" and "Draw a sword and look around", show a strong impact of emotional waves. In the middle four sentences, I just lamented "the ice jam in Sichuan" and "the snow all over the mountain", and suddenly wandered for thousands of years, as if I saw Jiang Shang and Yi Yin suddenly being reused by the monarch from humble positions. The poet's psychology changes rapidly. The last sentence is short in rhythm and strong in jumping, which is completely an inner monologue in an anxious state, forcing Xiao Xiao to convey the complex psychology of continuing to explore and pursue. At the end of the sentence, after repeated twists and turns in front, the realm suddenly became clear, and I sang a high-pitched and optimistic tone, believing that my ideals and ambitions would be realized one day.
Through such ups and downs of feelings, it not only fully shows the suppression of the poet's grand ideals and ambitions by the dark and dirty political reality, but also reflects the poet's strong inner repression, anger and the injustice caused by it, and at the same time highlights the poet's stubbornness, self-confidence and persistent pursuit of ideals, showing the poet's powerful spiritual strength in trying to get rid of repression.
7. Li Bai's poems about wine: "Li Bai has hundreds of poems about wine. Chang' an went to sleep in a restaurant, but the son of heaven didn't get on the boat and claimed to be Brewmaster. " (Du Fu's Eight Immortals in Drinking) "When you are drunk, you are a guest and poetry becomes a god." (Du Fu's "Poem of Self-management") "Give yourself what you want, and make a poem of wine." (Su Shi's Drinking with Tao Yuanming) "A cup of unfinished poetry has been completed, and the poetry day is amazing." (Biography of Yang Wanli going to Wanhua River Valley in February after the Ninth Festival). Zhang Yuannian, a political poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "Flowers fly after the rain, and the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine. "In the history of China's poetry, examples of drunken poems handed down from generation to generation abound.
Not only poetry, but also the Dionysian spirit is more vivid in the paintings and artistic calligraphy unique to China culture. Among the painters, Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy and painting are hard to get, and those who seek them treat each other with dog meat and wine, while those who seek calligraphy and painting can get what they want. Zheng Banqiao also knew the painter's tricks, but he couldn't resist the temptation of wine and dog meat, so he had to write a poem to laugh at himself: "Look at the moon, you might as well go all out, only hate the wine coming late. Laugh at him and ask for a book, and ask his husband to get drunk. " Wu Daozi, the painter of The Wind in Five Dynasties, must get drunk before painting, and then start painting when he is drunk. Huang in Yuan Sijia is also "too drunk to draw". Wang Xizhi, a "book saint", wrote the Preface to the Lanting Pavilion when he was drunk, saying that he was "charming, extremely healthy and unparalleled", but when he woke up, he "read dozens of books, but failed to reach it". Li Bai wrote Huai Su's "Drunk Monk": "My teacher was drunk and slept in bed, sweeping thousands of copies in a moment. Flying flowers and showers are shocking, falling flowers and flying snow. " Huai Su was drunk and splashed ink, just to keep his "self-narrative post" that ghosts and gods admired. Zhang Xu, the sage of the grass, wrote "every drunk calls for madness", so he has his "four ancient poems".